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LPO
GPD
265
Other
Professional
03/04/2017
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Term
Leadership
 Definition
The process of influencing human behavior to achieve organizational goals that serve the public, while developing individuals, groups and the organization for the future service
Term
Autonomy
 Definition
The quality of being self-governing
Term
Extra-Organizational
 Definition
Outside the formal work organization, part of the organizations external environment.
Term
Focal Leader
 Definition
The person who initiates action based on his or her own observations and perspectives.
Term
Functional Group
 Definition
A work group created to perform a specific task within an organization
Term
Input
 Definition
Anything that enters a system from the system's external environment.
Term
Leader Thought Process (LTP)
 Definition
A systematic way of thinking about leadership situations that guides the leader to effective leader actions.
Term
Leadership Dimensions
 Definition
The essential building blocks or qualities a person must have to successfully lead.
Term
Model of Organizational Leadership (MOL)
 Definition
An open system model that depicts the relevant factors which affect human behavior within a formal work organization.
Term
Output
 Definition
The product or result of the throughput processes in a system.
Term
System
 Definition
A regularly interacting or interdependent group of items forming a unified whole.
Term
Closed System
 Definition
A system that is isolated from its environment of that attempts to isolate itself from its environment.
Term
Open System
 Definition
A system that has inputs, throughput, outputs and a feedback loop.
Term
Throughput Processes
 Definition
Any process inside a system that operates on inputs to convert them into outputs that enter the systems external environment.
Term
Leader Thought Process
 Definition
Identify what is happening, Account for What is Happening, Formulate Leader Action Plan and Evaluate &Assess
Term
Areas of Interest (AOI)-Step 1
 Definition
Problems, Opportunities and Decisions
Term
Account What is Happening (AOI)-Step 2
 Definition
Identify Logical Chain of Events, Analyze and Explain Using Theories and Experiences and Identify Root Cause
Term
Formulate Leader Actions (AOI)-Step 3
 Definition
Select a Leader Strategy and Apply and Leader Strategy
Term
Evaluate and Assess (AOI)-Step 4
 Definition
Evaluate and assess how a leader plan has impacted the situations, making adjustments if necessary.
Term
The three things the best leaders bring is?
 Definition
Experience, Education and Feedback
Term
What are the three types of leaders?
 Definition
Authoritarian, Democratic or Laissez Faire
Term
Adult Development Theory
 Definition
A concept explaining the predictable pattern of how and when people alternate between periods of transition and stability, which affect their decisions.
Term
Attention
 Definition
The focus of senses sight, hearing, smell, touch and/or taste- on particular stimuli in the environment.
Term
Cognition
 Definition
The act or process of knowing, which includes awareness and judgment.
Term
Gamblers Fallacy
 Definition
The belief that the odds of a chance even increase if the event hasn't happened lately. This is an example of a common cognitive error, or mistake in thinking.
Term
Generation
 Definition
A body of individuals born and living at approximately the same time.
Term
Motivation
 Definition
Anything that provides direction, intensity and persistence to behavior.
Term
Needs
 Definition
Inner drives that motivate behavior until they have been satisfied.
Term
Perception
 Definition
The way people organize and interpret sensory input.
Term
Personality Disorder
 Definition
An enduring pattern of dysfunctional behavior, usually without anxiety or awareness of the effects of the behavior on others.
Term
Tendency to overestimate the improbable
 Definition
The tendency to overestimate the likelihood of dramatic but uncommon events that typically receive lots of news media coverage.
Term
Values
 Definition
Expressions of what wee consider to be important to us, such as human life, honesty or fairness.
Term
Actor/Observer Bias
 Definition
The common tendency for the actor in a particular situation to blame external factors for his or her unsuccessful behavior while, concurrently, and observer tends to blame internal factors for the same behavior.
Term
Apology Effect
 Definition
The leaders tendency to be less likely to punish the followers who says he or she is sorry for his or her behavior.
Term
Attribution
 Definition
The process of making inferences and judgments about the causes of peoples behaviors.
Term
Consensus
 Definition
The process of making an attribution based on how other people perform a specific task.
Term
Consistency
 Definition
The process of making an attribution based on how a person performed the same task on other occasions.
Term
Distinctiveness
 Definition
The process of making an attribution about a person based on how well/poorly they do on a variety of different tasks.
Term
Explicit Bias
 Definition
A conscious judgment and/or belief based on stereotype associations that impact and individuals behavior.
Term
External Attribution
 Definition
The process of assigning blame or credit for a persons behavior to external factors beyond the persons control.
Term
Fundamental Attribution Error
 Definition
The tendency to overvalue internal factors, that explains someone's behavior, while undervaluing external factors.
Term
Implicit Bias
 Definition
An unconscious judgment and/or beliefs that occur in human beings that can impact their behavior.
Term
Internal Attribution
 Definition
The process of assigning blame or credit for a persons behavior to that person abilities or lack of abilities.
Term
Negative Outcome Bias
 Definition
The tendency for a leader to punish a follower more severely if the followers behavior has negative consequences.
Term
Self-Serving Bias
 Definition
The tendency to attribute ones own successes to ones abilities and to blame failures on external factors beyond ones control.
Term
Social Psychology
 Definition
The study of human interaction, including the study of attraction, attitude formation, influence and group dynamics.
Term
Behavior
 Definition
What people do or say. It is related to but not the same as what one thinks or how one feels and ones underlying attitude or overall performance in accomplishing task.
Term
Off-Task Behavior
 Definition
That which typically results in unsuccessful task accomplishments.
Term
On-Task Behavior
 Definition
That which typically results in successful task accomplishments.
Term
Consequences
 Definition
Anything that follows a behavior. Good or bad
Term
Continuous Reinforcement Schedule
 Definition
When reinforcement follows every correct or desired behavior.
Term
Extinction
 Definition
When future behavior decreases in frequency because there is no consequences to a current behavior.
Term
Fixed Interval Schedule
 Definition
When rein forcers are presents after correct or desired responses on a fixed time schedule.
Term
Fixed Ration Schedule
 Definition
The presentations of reinforcements are a fixed number of correct or desired responses.
Term
Law of Effects
 Definition
A phenomenon that explains why some behaviors are repeated while other stop.
Term
Motivation
 Definition
Anything that provides direction, intensity and persistence to behavior.
Term
Motivation through Consequences (MTC)
 Definition
A collection of three theories that in different ways explain how consequences that follow behavior control that behavior.
Term
What are the three theories for MTC
 Definition
Operant Conditioning, Observation Learning and Self Regulation
Term
Negative Reinforcements
 Definition
A theoretical model origination from psychologist BF Skinner that has changed over time. Means punishment.
Term
Observations Learning (Vicarious and Social Learning)
 Definition
A method of learning by watching the behavior of others and the associated consequences. Includes concepts such as Vicarious Extinction, Vicarious Learning, Vicarious Punishment and Vicarious Reinforcements.
Term
Operant Conditioning
 Definition
An approach to learning and motivation based on the relationship between a persons behavior and the consequences they subsequently personally experience.
Term
Operant Response
 Definition
Any behavioral reaction that someone undertakes voluntarily in response to a demand that occurs from their environment.
Term
Partial Reinforcement Schedules
 Definition
When reinforcments are administred irregularly by either time or by the number of correct or desired responses. This sustains behavior over long periods of time as compared to continuous reinforcements.
Term
Positive Reinforcements
 Definition
The effect of increasing the future, desired behavior by presentation of a positive or pleasant consequence following current behavior.
Term
Reinforcement
 Definition
Any consequence that increases the occurrence of a behavior in the future.
Term
Self-Regulation
 Definition
The process of controlling ones own behavior by comparing ones behavior to ones personal standards and subsequently applying internal consequences.
Term
Social Comparison Processes
 Definition
Involves learning by comparing oneself to others.
Term
Variable Interval Schedule
 Definition
The presentation of reinforcements irregularly around an overage time.
Term
Variable Ratio Schedule
 Definition
The presentation of reinforcements irregularly around an average number of correct or desired responses.
Term
Comparison Ratio
 Definition
A persons perceived ratio of inputs and outcomes as compared to his or her perception of another person ratio of inputs and outcomes.
Term
Equity Theory
 Definition
Motivational Theory which assumes that people value fair treatment when comparing themselves with others and that the perception of inequity motivates people to take action.
Term
Focal Leader
 Definition
The organizational leader who directly supervises, manages and leads the employees involved in a given situation or case study.
Term
Focal Person
 Definition
Any individual who perceives equity or inequity by comparing himself or herself with others.
Term
Inequity
 Definition
Exists when someone perceives that the ratio of his or her outcomes to inputs is not equal to the ratio of someone elses outcomes to inputs.
Term
Inputs
 Definition
In the employee-employer exchange, this is what the focal person perceives are his contributions to the exchange for which he expects a just return.
Term
Organizational Justice Theories
 Definition
Theories dealing with perceptions of fairness in organizations.
Term
Outcomes
 Definition
In the employee-employer exchange, this is what the employee perceives are the rewards he receives for his services.
Term
Reference Source
 Definition
The person or group that the focal person uses to evaluate the equity or inequity of his or her her exchange relationship.
Term
Expectancy
 Definition
An individuals beliefs that he or she can perform a task to an acceptable level.
Term
Expectancy Theory of Motivation
 Definition
Claims that motivation is a function of expectancy, instrumentality and valence.
Term
Goal
 Definition
A desired end state.
Term
Goal Setting
 Definition
Selecting desired end states as a way to motivate human behavior.
Term
Individual Behaviors
 Definition
The knowledge, skills and abilities an individual possesses.
Term
Instrumentality
 Definition
The belief that achieving an acceptable level of performance will result in a reward.
Term
Performance Objectives
 Definition
An acceptable level of accomplishment of the task at hand.
Term
Reward
 Definition
The compensation that one receives for the amount of effort extended.
Term
Valence
 Definition
The values a recipient places on a reward offered in exchange for completing a task.
Term
P=M x A
 Definition
Performance = Motivation X Ability
Term
M=E X I X V
 Definition
Motivation = Expectancy X Instrumentality X Valence
Term
Core Job Dimensions
 Definition
Five basic characteristics that define or capture complexity of a job.
Term
Critical Physiological Studies
 Definition
Three critical factors comprising the rewards of high growth need individuals seeks from work are meaningfulness of working, responsibility for work outcomes and knowledge of work results.
Term
Extrinsic Needs
 Definition
Causes behavior that is due to external reinforcement.
Term
Growth Needs
 Definition
the desire to obtain professional growth and achievement.
Term
High Growth Needs
 Definition
A person who is motivated by challenging work and seeks to enlarge his or her job to remain challenged.
Term
Low Growth Needs
 Definition
A person who seeks a structured, routine job and fewer responsibilities.
Term
Implementing Concepts
 Definition
Leader strategies used to influence core job dimensions.
Term
Intrinsic Motivation
 Definition
Results in behaviors that is seeminly self-induced, undertaken for the persons satisfaction and increased feeling of competence or control one gets from doing the tasks.
Term
Job Design Theory
 Definition
The interactive relations between core job dimensions, critical psychological states and person work outcomes.
Term
Locus of Causality
 Definition
The source of motivation can be either internal or external.
Term
Natural Work Units
 Definition
The human need to demonstrate proficiency and affect ones environment.
Term
Need for Self Determination
 Definition
The human need to exercise choice.
Term
Alienated Follower
 Definition
An organization member who demonstrates a high level of critical thinking but low levels of engagement in the organizations mission.
Term
Conformist Follower
 Definition
Organization member who demonstrates a low level of critical thinking and a high level of engagement in the organizational mission.
Term
Derailment
 Definition
Conditions describing what happens to individuals who eventually fail as leaders, despite performing well for a long time in a followership and junior leadership role.
Term
Exemplary Follower
 Definition
Organizational member who demonstrates a high level of critical thinking and high levels of engagement in the organizational mission.
Term
Follower
 Definition
A collaborator with leaders in the work organization.
Term
Followership
 Definition
The role of followers in a leadership process. The act of committing and working cooperatively with other followers and leaders to achieve shared goals.
Term
Organizational Commons
 Definition
Concepts that describes and organizations resources and how an individual might focus solely on their rights and needs versus respecting the common good, while acknowledging the mutual responsibilities he or she has with others.
Term
Passive Follower
 Definition
Organizational members who demonstrates a low level of critical thinking and low levels of engagement in the organizational mission.
Term
Pragmatist Follower
 Definition
Organizational member who demonstrates varying levels of critical thinking and varying levels of engagement in the organizational mission.
Term
Upward Leadership
 Definition
Demonstrating exemplary leadership behaviors irrespective of the organizational role.
Term
Blocking Rules
 Definition
Unproductive behavior that hinders the group from achieving organization objectives.
Term
Cliques
 Definition
Subgroups of individuals within a larger group who share common goals, values and expectation sometimes at odds with other subgroups and perhaps the larger groups, goals, values and expectations.
Term
Cohesion
 Definition
The strength of the bonds linking individuals to and in the group.
Term
Group
 Definition
Tow or more persons who are interacting with one another in such a manner that each person influences and is influenced by each other while achieving a common purpose, mission or task.
Term
Group Norms
 Definition
The social standards that regulate group members behaviors.
Term
Group Roles
 Definition
A coherent set of behaviors expected of people who occupy specific positions within a group.
Term
Group Structure
 Definition
The underlying pattern of roles, norms and relations among members of groups.
Term
Heterogeneous
 Definition
A quality exhibited when members of the group are diversified in terms of their abilities, skills, resources and/or social makeup that are required to accomplish the groups task or mission.
Term
Interdependency
 Definition
A characteristic of people being somewhat mutually dependent to accomplish a group task or goal.
Term
Relationship-building Role
 Definition
The position of group members who performs behaviors that improve nature and quality of interpersonal relations among other group members.
Term
Role Ambiguity
 Definition
The perception and uncertainty due to unclear expectations by a group member about his or her purpose in the group.
Term
Role Clarity
 Definition
The perception and clear understanding demonstrated when a group member accurately performs his or her assigned purpose in the group.
Term
Social Loafing
 Definition
The reduction of individual effort exerted when people work in groups as compared to when they work alone.
Term
Status
 Definition
The level of rights and privileges that members have with the group.
Term
Task-Facilitating Role
 Definition
Any position in a group occupied by a member who performs behaviors that promotes completion of tasks and activities.
Term
Team
 Definition
Group members that are so tightly occupied that each members outcomes are inextricable tied to each other members outcomes.
Term
Commitment Process
 Definition
An outcome of the valuation process based upon the group and the individuals beliefs in the reward potential that will result from their relationship.
Term
Evaluation Process
 Definition
Assessments efforts by the group and the individual to discover and maximize one another potential for reward.
Term
Group
 Definition
Typically a work group that consists of a single-minded group.
Term
Group Prototype
 Definition
A term related to social identification.
Term
Peripheral Behaviors
 Definition
Activities that are unessential for the groups success and may even detract from it.
Term
Phases of Socialization
 Definition
As the relationship between the individual and the group matures the individual moves through predictable states that drive his or her constant renegotiation of the psychological contract.
Term
What are the Five Phases of Socialization?
 Definition
Investigation, Socialization, Maintenance , Re-socialization and Remembrance.
Term
Pivotal Behavior
 Definition
Activities that are core to the accomplishment of group goals which require conformity among individuals of the group in the performance of these activites.
Term
Psychological Contract
 Definition
The constantly renegotiated reciprocal levels of internalization and commitment by the individual to he group and the group to the individual.
Term
Psychological Processes in Group Socialization
 Definition
The group seeking assistance in meeting group goals and the individual seeking personal satisfaction.
Term
Relevant Behaviors
 Definition
Activities that are beneficial but not essential to the groups accomplishments of its goals.
Term
Rewardingness
 Definition
The rewards and benefits that the individual and the group anticipate as a result of the individual membership in the group.
Term
Role Transition Process
 Definition
A transformation that occurs when the level of commitment ascends or declines to a point where reciprocal benefits prompt the group and or the individual to decide that a role change is desirable.
Term
Social Categorization Theory
 Definition
A psychological process inherent in social identifies theory. It is a way of thinking about the self and others that emphasizes membership in groups as having a value of clarity in the individuals role.
Term
Social Comparison
 Definition
A psychological process inherent in social identifies theory.People compare their own group to any other group that seems relevant. If comparison turns out well then individuals are satisfied with their membership; if not they are unsatisfied.
Term
Social Competition
 Definition
A strategy for dealing with poor social identity. If an individual in group seems inferior then he or she could try to improve it somehow and/or attack the out groups in some way. Social competition is a major factor in intergroup conflict.
Term
Social Creativity
 Definition
A strategy for dealing with poor social identity.
Term
Social Identity Theory
 Definition
A premise that the individual identifies with the group because he or she see his or her qualities as fitting the prototypical group member.
Term
Social Mobility
 Definition
A strategy for dealing with poor social identity. AN individual can leave his or her group and try to join a better group if he or she is not satisfied with their group.
Term
Socialization
 Definition
The process by which an individual acquires the social knowledge and skills necessary to assume an organizational role.
Term
Collective or Group Efficiency
 Definition
A groups judgment about its own capability to perform specific task.
Term
Common Indicators or Group Cohesion
 Definition
Six readily observable group behavior patterns. The presences of which indicate a high level of group cohesion.
Term
Group Cohesion
 Definition
The sum of forces that attracts members to a group provides resistance to leaving it and motivates them to be active in it.
Term
Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ)
 Definition
An instrument that measures task and social cohesion in a group.
Term
Groupthink
 Definition
A process where a group strives for unanimity rather than objectively approaching and selecting the best course of action.
Term
Social Cohesion
 Definition
The degree to which the members of a group like each other and enjoy personal satisfaction from being a member of the group.
Term
Task Cohesion
 Definition
The degree to which a group works together to achieve a specific and identifiable goal.
Term
Abilene Paradox
 Definition
A paradox in which a group of people collectively decide on a course of action that is counter to the preferences of any of the individuals in the group.
Term
Groupthink
 Definition
A type of thought exhibited by group members who try to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critically testing, analyzing and evaluating idea.
Term
Pluralistic Ignorance
 Definition
A condition that involves a common breakdown of group commination in which each member mistakenly believes that their own preferences are counter to the groups and there for they do not raise objections.
Term
Ambiguous Work Assignment
 Definition
A source of intergroup conflict brought about when a leader issues vague instructions to the subordinate groups, allowing separate groups to interpret their meaning and how to accomplish the task.
Term
Avoidance
 Definition
A conflict management strategy where the leader monitors the conflict, but does not get involved in its resolution, allowing the conflict to run its course and or those in conflict to resolve it.
Term
Competition over Scarce Resources
 Definition
A source of intergroup conflict brought about when two or more groups fight over limited resources.
Term
Forcing
 Definition
A conflict management strategy where a leader mandates a solution to groups that are experiencing conflict with each other.
Term
Frequency of Interaction
 Definition
A source of intergroup conflict brought about by little or no interaction between groups.
Term
Goal Orientation
 Definition
A source of inter group conflict where the actions of one group in pursuit of its goals generates conflict with another group in the pursuit of its goals because the groups don't share the same goals.
Term
Liaison Group
 Definition
A proactive conflict management strategy where a leader acts to prevent or reduce the chances of conflict by forming a group with representatives from all groups to identify and resolve potential conflict.
Term
Physical Separation
 Definition
A source of inter group conflict brought about when groups are not located together.
Term
Problem Solving
 Definition
A reactive conflict management strategy where a leader brings members of conflicting groups together to identify, discuss and resolve intergroup conflict after conflict has developed.
Term
Superordinate Goal
 Definition
A conflict management strategy where a leader creates and overarching goal that requires conflicting groups to achieve and objective critically important to all groups but that can only be achieved through intergroup cooperation.
Term
Tangible Nature of Work
 Definition
A source of intergroup conflict created by the way in which work products are measured.
Term
Time Orientation
 Definition
A source of intergroup conflict where one groups perception of how long work should take is different from another groups perception of how long it should take.
Term
Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
 Definition
Theory by Maslow which created a model that speculates categories of humans needs are arranged in a predetermined order of importance.
Term
Bases of Solar Power Theory
 Definition
Body of that developed by John RP French and Bertram Ravin. Five bases of power.
Term
Reward Power
 Definition
Control derived from the fact that one person, known as the influencer (leader) has the ability to reward another person, known as the influence (follower) for carrying out expressed or implied direction.
Term
Coercive Power
 Definition
The negative side of reward power. The ability of the influencer to punish the subordinate.
Term
Legitimate Power
 Definition
Authority that exists when a subordinate acknowledges the fact the influencer has a right or is lawfully entitled to exert influence. Also called formal authority.
Term
Referent Power
 Definition
Authority based on the desire of the influencee to be like or identify with the influencer.
Term
Expert Power
 Definition
Control based on the belief or understands that the influencer has specific knowledge or relevant expertise that the influencee does not. Referred to as Information Power.
Term
Compliance
 Definition
The acceptance of the leaders influence evidenced by the followers behavior.
Term
Identification
 Definition
The acceptance of influence because the source is and attractive, likeable source worthy of emulation.
Term
Idiosyncrasy Credits
 Definition
Leadership concepts as identified by Edwin Hollander, that is analogous to the principles of banking and account management. Hollander described that the individuals bank "influence" credits in the minds of their followers and workers.
Term
Internalization
 Definition
The acceptance of the leaders influence including the leaders underlying beliefs.
Term
Power
 Definition
The ability to exert influence that is the ability to change the attitudes or behavior of individuals or groups.
Term
Social Exchange Theory
 Definition
A concept that all human interaction is a product of a type of cost benefits analysis and the comparison of alternatives.
Term
Symbiotic Relationship
 Definition
A cooperative mutually beneficial connection between two people or groups. It is the relationship articulated with the social exchange theory.
Term
Venn Diagram
 Definition
Overlapping circle-style illustrations of a logical relationship between things.
Term
In Group
 Definition
A leader-member relationship characterized by a high degree of leader-member communication, member influence in decisions, priority of task assignment, job latitude, support and mentoring form of the leader.
Term
Out Group
 Definition
A leader-member relationship characterized by formal, professional interaction, which is limited to the basics needed to accomplish the groups task. Followers are closely monitored and have less trust.
Term
Charisma
 Definition
The special person quality or power of an invididual making him or her capable of influencing or inspiring large numbers of people through their perceived social relationship to that person.
Term
Four I's
 Definition
The four components that make up transformation leadership.
Idealized Influence, Individualized Consideration, Inspirational Motivation and Intellectual Stimulation.
Term
Idealized Influence
 Definition
Describes leaders who are exemplary role models.
Term
Individualized Consideration
 Definition
Describes leaders who act as coaches and advisors to the followers.
Term
Inspirational Motivation
 Definition
Describes leaders who motivate followers to commit to the vision of the organization.
Term
Intellectual Stimulation
 Definition
Describes leaders who encourage innovation and creativity through challenging the normal beliefs or views of the group.
Term
Transactional Leadership
 Definition
An exchange relationship in which the leader and the follower are engaged in economic, social or psychological trading.
Term
Transformation Leadership
 Definition
In not an exchange process, but an appeal to followers sense of values beyond their own personal interest.
Term
A-B-C-D-E Model
 Definition
Cognitive model proposed for increasing optimism based on examining relationships among adversity (A), Beliefs (B), and Consequences (C).
Term
Allostasis
 Definition
Bodys drive to maintain homeostasis in reaction to stressors.
Term
Autonomic Nervous System
 Definition
Controls many of the basic functions of the body and is composed of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
Term
Homeostasis
 Definition
Term coined by Walter Cannon, referring to our internal state of balance in the face of constantly changing environmental circumstances.
Term
Mirror Neurons
 Definition
A neuron that fires when we perform an action and when we see others perform and action.
Term
Neuro-leadership
 Definition
Applying information about how the brain works to areas in leadership, such as leadership development, change management and coaching.
Term
Neuroplasticity
 Definition
The ability of the brain to adapt and change as a function of experience.
Term
Neuroscience
 Definition
Scientific study of the brain and nervous system.
Term
Parasympathetic Nervous System
 Definition
Part of the autonomic nervous system which conserves physical resources and energy during non-stressful or relaxed periods.
Term
Positive Self-Talk
 Definition
The use of phrases and sentences to encourage optimistic thinking.
Term
Resilience
 Definition
The ability to "bounce back" from adversity.
Term
Somatic (voluntary) Nervous System
 Definition
Controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.
Term
Stress
 Definition
The state of mental, physiological, or emotional strain; any instance that our body is out of allostatic balance.
Term
Stressor
 Definition
AN actual or perceived threat to an individual. Anything that causes our body to be out of allostatic balance.
Term
Stress Response
 Definition
Engagement of the sympathetic nervous system in response to some internal or external cue that is threatening (stressor).
Term
Sympathetic Nervous System
 Definition
A part of the autonomic nervous system that activates energy and resources in response to stress. Also know as the fight or flight response.
Term
Thinking Traps
 Definition
Ways of thinking about an even that lead to negative emotional reactions.
Term
Attending Behavior
 Definition
The manner in which a person demonstrates and signals his or her full attention to a conversation with another person. Involves being relaxed, maintaining eye contact, active listening and verbal following.
Term
Career-Development Counseling
 Definition
Helping a person plan for the future with the organization.
Term
Communication
 Definition
The process of transferring information from one person to another. Successful communication occurs when the intended message of the sender is understood by the intended receiver.
Term
Crucial Conversation
 Definition
A conversation in which opinions vary, stakes are high and emotions run strong on both sides.
Term
Noise
 Definition
Distortions, disruptions and breakdowns that are part of the transmission process of communication and that lead to a difference between the message and its meaning as intended by the sender and the message and its meaning as perceived by the receiver.
Term
Nonverbal Communications
 Definition
The ways in which we arrange and present the words in a communication process. These ways include tone, rate, inflection, pauses, facial expressions, gestures, posture and eye contact among others.
Term
Performance-Centered Counseling
 Definition
Helping a person preform more effectively.
Term
Problem-Centered Counseling
 Definition
Helping a person who has personal problems that is interfering with performance.
Term
Boundary Spanners
 Definition
Leaders and members of the organizations who routinely monitor environmental forces that pose threats and opportunities to the organizations technical core.
Term
Boundary Spanning
 Definition
Involves leadership activities that establish and maintain the integrity of the technical core and organizational boundaries.
Term
Closed System
 Definition
One that is closed to the environment. However, no organizational system can be completely closed; there are only varying degrees of closure.
Term
General Environment
 Definition
Includes broad factors of the relevant environment (supra system) and the conditions that generally affect the system.
Term
Open System
 Definition
A state in which a system continuously interacts with its environment.
Term
Organization
 Definition
A socially constructed entity that pursues collective goals, controls its own performance and has a boundary separating it from its environment.
Term
Organizational Boundary
 Definition
The border between the organization and its environment.
Term
Subsystems
 Definition
Two or more major components that interact and are an interdependent part of the overall system.
Term
Supra-System
 Definition
Consists of the relevant environment within which one or more systems operate. Consists of two systems, task environment and general environment.
Term
Sustainability
 Definition
The ability of a system to maintain itself with no loss of function for extended periods of time. In leadership terms it is the creative and responsible stewardship of resources contributing to the well being of current and future generations of the organization.
Term
System
 Definition
A system if an organized collection of parts that are highly integrated to accomplish an overall goal.
Term
Systems Theory
 Definition
A theory designed to study and see our world in terms of systems, where each system is a whole that is more than the sum of its parts and also a part of the larger system.
Term
Systems Thinking
 Definition
A cognitive approach to helping the leader view the organization from a board perspective that includes, structures, patterns and events rather than just the events themselves.
Term
Task Environment
 Definition
Includes the area of the relevant environment with which the organization interacts directly and that has an impact on the organizations ability to achieve its goals.
Term
Technical Core
 Definition
The components of the organization that deal directly with the primary activity or mission of the organization.
Term
Bias
 Definition
An opinion or tendency that is unreasoned or preconceived.
Term
Police Legitimacy
 Definition
The public view that the police are entitled to exercise their authority.
Term
Procedural Justice
 Definition
The procedures used by polices officers where community members are treated with respect, dignity and fairness.
Term
Artifacts
 Definition
Observable objects within an organization that can be seen, touched and heard.
Term
Culture
 Definition
A pattern of shared basic assumptions that the group has learned as solved its problems external adaption and internal integration.
Term
Embedding Mechanisms
 Definition
The primary means of influencing culture, such actions include role modeling and paying attention.
Term
Reinforcing Mechanism
 Definition
Means of influencing culture that is secondary to embedding mechanisms.
Term
Shared Values
 Definition
beliefs that become embodied in an ideology such as our professional ethic or in an organizational philosophy that serves as a guide for dealing with surround events.
Term
Subculture
 Definition
A group of people with a culture or shared basic assumptions and values which differentiates them from the larger culture to which the belong.
Term
Underlying Assumptions
 Definition
Values that evolve from the sharing, reinforcing and validating as successful in solving the problems of the organization survival and effectiveness.
Term
Values
 Definition
Beliefs that influence our behavior because they affect how we perceive, think and behave in response to our interactions with the environment.
Term
Adaption
 Definition
The process of changing to better fit some purpose or situations.
Term
Anticipatory Adaptation
 Definition
Adaptation that is initiated organizationally in anticipation of change.
Term
Bench Marking
 Definition
The process of comparing a units work and service methods against the best practices others use in order to identify where changes may be necessary.
Term
Change
 Definition
Any alteration of status quo.
Term
Adaptive-Coping Style
 Definition
An organizational problem solving process consisting of seven stages of activity through which an organization adapts to change.
Term
Accelerated Change
 Definition
A change that occurs with an increase in progress.
Term
Incremental Change
 Definition
A change to individual components of the organization.
Term
Major Change
 Definition
A change that affects the entire organization.
Term
Learning Organization
 Definition
One in which change involves learning and learning involves change.
Term
Total Quality Management
 Definition
An approach for making continuous improvement part of an organizations culture.
Term
Tradition
 Definition
A mode of thought or behavior followed by people continuously from generation to generation.
Term
Value-Added Activity
 Definition
One that directly contributes to the organizations clearly defined quality outputs.
Term
Accountability
 Definition
The duty of all officers to truthfully acknowledge and explain their actions and decisions when requested to do so by an authorized member if this agency without deception or subterfuge.
Term
Character
 Definition
A persons ability to do the right thing and avoid doing the wrong thing or nothing.
Term
Creditability
 Definition
The characteristic of being believed, being believable, worthy of belief or confidence.
Term
Ethics
 Definition
The study of the general nature of morals and specific morals choice.
Term
Guiding Principles
 Definition
The broad philosophy that guides and organization through its life in all circumstances, regardless of changes in its goals, strategies or top management positions or structure.
Term
Integrity
 Definition
The possession of firm principles or the quality of possessing and steadfastly adhering to high moral principles.
Term
Values
 Definition
The traits or qualities that are considered worthwhile, they represent the highest priorities of an individual or organization.
Term
Value Statement
 Definition
The acceptable standards that govern the behavior of individuals with the organization.
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