Term
| bugs that cause viral tracheitis (3) |
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Definition
| parainfluenza, influenza, enterovirus |
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Term
| bugs that cause secondary bacterial tracheitis (5) |
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Definition
| Staph aureus, GAS, Strep viridans, Hib, Gram- enterics |
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Term
| site of infection of tracheitis |
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Definition
| subglottic area, upper trachea |
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Term
| gross presentation of tracheitis |
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Definition
| pseudomembranes that do not hemorrhage with removal |
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Term
| child with croup, stridor, no bacteremia, pneumonia (50%); physical exam shows pseudomembranes; dx? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| most common bugs that cause bronchitis (5) |
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Definition
| M. pneumoniae, parainfluenza, adenovirus, influenza, RSV |
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Term
| What immunodeficiencies are associated with chronic cough (5)? |
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Definition
| IgA deficiency, IgG deficiency, hypogammaglobulinemia, ataxia-telangectasia, GVHD |
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Term
| bacterial causes of typical community-acquired pneumonia (5) |
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Definition
| Strep pneumonia, GAS, M. catarrhalis, Staph.aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae |
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Term
| bacterial causes of atypical community acquired pneumoniae (3) |
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Definition
| Mycobacterium pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Coxiella burnetti |
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Term
| viral causes of community acquired pneumonia |
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Definition
| A CRRIPE: adenovirus, coronavirus, RSV, rhinovirus, influenza, parainfluenza, enterovirus + new bugs bocavirus and hMNV |
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Term
| causes of nosocomial pneumonia (4) |
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Definition
Pseudomonas (most common), Enterobacteriaceae (i.e. Klebsiella), Staph aureus, Legionella, (Acinetobacter, RSV, SARS) |
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|
Term
| S. pneumoniae is _-hemolytic. Staph aureus is _-hemolytic. |
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Definition
| S. pneumoniae: alpha-hemolytic; Staph aureus is beta-hemolytic |
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|
Term
| How does S. pneumoniae escape the immune system? |
|
Definition
| thick capsule prevents phagocytosis |
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|
Term
| Which vaccine is recommended for pts<2yo? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is Pneumovax recommended for? |
|
Definition
| adults>65yo, children>2yo at risk of developing pneumococcus, children>2yo with asplenia or sickle cell |
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|
Term
| transmission of S. pneumoniae is ___ |
|
Definition
| autoinfection and seasonal, NO outbreaks |
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|
Term
| risk factors for developing S. pneumoniae (6) |
|
Definition
| young, day care, functional/anatomical asplenia, HIV; African American, Native American/Alaskan |
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|
Term
| high mortality, necrotizing abscesses, pneumonia, toxic shock; dx? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Staph aureus: Gram, motility, anaerobic/aerobic, fastidious? |
|
Definition
| Gram+, nonmotile, aerobic or facultative anaerobic, not fastidious |
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|
Term
| Staph aureus is coagulase __; Staph epidermis is coagulase __ |
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Definition
| Staph aureus: coagulase+; Staph epidermis: coagulase- |
|
|
Term
| How does Staph aureus evade the immune system? |
|
Definition
| protein A inhibits phagocytosis and binds Fc |
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|
Term
| pneumatoceles, abscesses, consolidation, empyema; dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CA-MRSA is resistant to ___ and sensitive to ___ |
|
Definition
| resistant to beta-lactams; sensitive to clindamycin and vancomycin |
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|
Term
| hospital acquired MRSA is resistant to ___ and sensitive to ___ |
|
Definition
| resistant to beta-lactams, clindamycin; sensitive to vancomycin |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Panton-Valentine leukocidin; pore-forming protein assc'd with necrotizing abscesses formed by Staph aureus |
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|
Term
| Legionella: aerobic/anaerobic, fastidious, Gram? |
|
Definition
| aerobic, fastidious, Gram- bacilli |
|
|
Term
| what 2 diseases are caused by Legionella? |
|
Definition
| Legionnaires' disease, Pontiac fever |
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|
Term
| transmission of Legionella |
|
Definition
| ingested water or inhaled aerosolized water |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| assc'd with schools, military, nursing homes, etc. (4) |
|
Definition
| M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, Legionella, adenovirus |
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|
Term
| no cell wall, no PBPs; tx with macrolide, tetracycline, or fluoroquinolones |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| pathogenesis: peroxide causes hemolysis, oxygen radicals cause ciliostasis, ciliolysis, and exfoliation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| P1 protein used to attach to cilia; causes dry, hacking cough; bug? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| cons of serology diagnostics for M. pneumoniae |
|
Definition
| negative in early infection; IgM levels are variable |
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|
Term
| pt presents with pneumoniae that has persisted for 3 wks; serology shows cold agglutination; bug? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| no protective immunity despite previous exposure (2) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Gram- rod, oxidase negative, and lactose fermenting; bug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
protein A => bug?
M protein =>
P1 protein =>
PVL =>
MBL => |
|
Definition
protein A = Staph aureus
M protein = Strep pneumo
P1 protein = M. pneumo
PVL = Staph aureus
MBL = SARS |
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|
Term
| intracytoplasmic inclusions fuse to form 1 large inclusion body; bug? |
|
Definition
| C. pneumonia or C. trachomatis |
|
|
Term
| C. pneumoniae vs. C. psittaci: transmission? |
|
Definition
C. pneumoniae: droplets, person to person
C. psittaci: aerosolized bird feces to person |
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|
Term
| newborn presents with rales and hyperinflation on CXR, but is afebrile with no wheezing, no pleural effusion, no consolidation; eosinophilia but no leukocytosis; dx? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| multiple, separate intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies; bug? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What tests are used to diagnose C. psittaci? |
|
Definition
| complement fixation test, microimmunofluorescence (MIF) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| droplet, person to person |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what molecular proteins are protective against SARS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| biphasic illness with a prodrome; dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| myalgia, headache, mild respiratory symptoms, possible rigors; then dyspnea, nonproductive cough, and respiratory failure; dx? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| histological pathogenesis of SARS |
|
Definition
| diffuse alveolar damage with varying degrees of organization; early phase: hyaline membranes, edema, congestion; late phase: fibrosis |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what populations does RSV target? |
|
Definition
| can cause infection in all ages but has a bimodal distribution, and is primarily a pediatric LRI |
|
|
Term
| how does RSV present in infants? |
|
Definition
| LRI, bronchiolitis, pneumonia: hyperinflation, flat diaphragm, tachypnea, wheezing, dyspnea |
|
|
Term
| how does RSV present in older children and adults? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how does RSV present in immunocompromised and elderly? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| infectious agent for reactive asthma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| adenovirus: genome? family? structure? |
|
Definition
| dsDNA, adenoviridae, non-enveloped icosahedral |
|
|
Term
| what adenovirus types cause LRI? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| endemic throughout the year, affects all age groups, most are asymptomatic; bug? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| in addition to pneumonia, this can cause URIs, fatal infections in immunocompromised, and keratoconjunctivitis |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| high incidence sequelae of adenovirus |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| transplant pts that contract this bug cannot be treated and have 100% mortality |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how do group B adenoviruses enter the cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hMNV: genome? family? structure? |
|
Definition
| -ssRNA, paramyxoviridae, enveloped |
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|
Term
| new virus that causes 10% of LRIs in children and cannot be distinguished from RSV |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 parvoviruses that are pathogenic in humans |
|
Definition
| bocavirus, parvovirus B19 |
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|
Term
| cause of Fifth Disease in children and aplastic crisis in sickle cell anemia pts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| human bocavirus: genome? family? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what causes Chlamydia to transition into a persistent state? |
|
Definition
| IFN-g, antibiotics, glucose or iron restriction |
|
|
Term
| genes to generate ATP are turned off; bug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what antigen is used for the complement fixation test to diagnose Chlamydia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| no cell wall, some PBPs; bug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reticulate body (replicative); elementary body (infectious) // part of Chlamydia life cycle |
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