Term
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Definition
1. ID question type
2. Untangle stimulus
3. Predict
4. Evaluate answer choice |
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Term
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Definition
1. Extreme - statement that goes too far needed for conclusion
2. 180 - opposite of what the author believes or is assuming
3. Distortion - half right, half wrong
4. FUD - faulty use of detail - uses details from stimulus not relevant to assumption
5. Irrelevant comparison - makes a comparison that doesn't effect the argument
6. Out of Scope - most common wrong answer choice, goes beyond the stimulus
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Term
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Definition
| What does the author want to know? What does he want to convince me of? |
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Term
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Definition
| Why does he feel the way he does? |
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Term
| LR - LOGICAL FLAWS AND ASSUMPTION |
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Definition
| Be on the lookout for disconnects between evidence and conclusion - every flawed argument makes an unwarranted assumption. |
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Term
| LOGICAL REASONING - ASSUMPTION QUESTIONS |
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Definition
1. Conclusion, because evidence
2. Correct answers are missing evidence that MBT
3. Think of assumption as a bridge b/w two cliffs, linking the evidence and conclusion in a logical way. |
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Term
| EVIDENCE + ASSUMPTION = CONCLUSION |
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Definition
If evidence -> conclusion
ASSUMPTION = missing evidence
Look for mismatched terms |
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Term
| ASSUMPTION - ONE SENTENCE TEST |
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Definition
STRAGEDY
If you had to pick one sentence to bring what the AU wanted to convince you of - find the one sentence. |
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Term
| ASSUMPTION - WRONG ANSWER CHOICES |
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Definition
| Always try to predict the correct answer and scan for it among the answer choices. However, when you have trouble predicting it, you can scan the choices and characterize and eliminate wrong answers. |
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Term
| LR ASSUMPTION - DIFFICULT AND AMBIGUOUS STIMULI |
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Definition
| Paraphrase lengthy and dense stimuli. Stay focused on the gap between the conlusion and the premises - or evidence. |
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Term
| ASSUMPTION - THE DENIAL TEST |
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Definition
| Some assumptions are difficult to predict. Scan the choices looking for the right general idea and then use the Denial Test on the one you choose to see what effect it has on the logic of the argument. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sum up the argument, identifying evidence and conclusion. Look for assumptions and for alternatives that make the conclusion less likely. |
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Term
| LR - WEAKENING CAUSAL ARGUMENTS |
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Definition
When the argument makes a claim of causation, look for one of the three classic alternatives to an "X caused Y" argument:
1. The causality is reversed (Y actually caused X.) That's rare on the LSAT.
2. An alternative cause exists for the effect (Z caused Y). That's very common.
3. The connection between X and Y is coincidental. |
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Term
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Definition
| Characterize the answer choices - the four wrong answers will be strengtheners. |
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Term
| LR - STRENGTHEN THE ARGUMENT |
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Definition
| What would make it more believable that the evidence really does lead to the conclusion? |
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Term
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Definition
| What concept appears in the conclusion that's not in the evidence? |
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Term
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Definition
| Consider the classic alternatives to a claim of causation. |
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Term
| LG - INFERENCE QUESTIONS - THE BASICS |
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Definition
1. Identify the question type.
"most strongly supported by the statements above."
"properly inferred"
"if the statements above are true"
2. Untangle the Stimulus.
An inference stimulus will almost always be a set of facts, not an argument.
Accept each sentence as true, note any connections between sentencees, and translate any formal logic statements.
3. Make Prediction.
4.Evaluate the answer choice. |
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Term
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Definition
| Understand each sentence individually, note connections beteen sentences, and evaluate each choice. Remember: An inference is something that must be true based on the information in the stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Except means that you must carefully define the nature of the one right and four wrong answer choices. |
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Term
| LR - INFERENCE AND FORMAL LOGIC |
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Definition
| When you are dealing with formal logic in an inference question, you must translate each statement into simple terms. Then look to combine statements, beginning with the most concrete. |
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Term
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Definition
| This question is about structure, not content. Paraphrase the argument in the simplest terms possible and test each choice rigorously against the stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Logic - evidence and conclusion
2. Illustration
3. Contrast - but, however, yet
4. Chronological order
5. Author speaking |
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Term
| FORMAL LOGIC - SUFFICIENT CONDITION |
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Definition
SUFFICIENT CONDITION
If
All
Every
Any
When/Whenever
Always |
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Term
| LR - ASSUMPTION - IDENTIFY |
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Definition
assumed
assumption
presuppose
if added to the premises |
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Term
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Definition
| Bridge the gap between the evidence and the conclusion. |
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Term
| LR - STRENGTHEN/WEAKEN - IDENTIFY |
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Definition
strengthen
most strongly supports the author
vs.
most weakens
calls into questions
undermines |
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Term
| LR - STRENGTHEN/WEAKEN - TASK |
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Definition
| Find the answer that makes the conclusion more/less likely to follow from the evidence. |
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Term
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Definition
vulunerable to criticism
questionable
error of reasoning
describes a flaw |
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Term
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Definition
| Find disconnects between the evidence and the conclusion, and identify classic flaws. |
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Term
| LR - INFERENCE - IDENTIFY |
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Definition
must be true
logically completes the passage
can be inferred
which of the following is most strongly supported |
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Term
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Definition
| Determine what must be true. Look for connections. |
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Term
| LR - PARALLEL REASONING - IDENTIFY |
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Definition
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Term
| LR - PARALLEL REASONING - TASK |
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Definition
| Compare part, of all, of the stimulus to the choices. |
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Term
| IDENTIFY KEYWORDS - NECESSARY CONDITION |
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Definition
Only
Only if
Unless
Must
Need Required |
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