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Set 3
58
Health Care
Professional
02/18/2013
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Term
1.       Macrovascular disease may lead to these things.
 Definition
1) STROKE, 2) CAD, 3) CLAUDICATION, 4) SKIN BREAKDOWN, 5) INFECTIONS, 6) AMPUTATION
Term
2.       _____ of a lower limb for severe peripheral vascular disease or gangrene remains common.
 Definition
AMPUTATION
Term
3.       microvascular complications that can be caused by type 2 diabetes.
 Definition
1) RETINOPATHY, 2) NEUROPATHY
Term
4.       Most microvascular complications can be prevented, delayed, or even reversed by tight _____.
 Definition
GLYCEMIC CONTROL
Term
5.       The initial retinal changes as seen on the opthamoscopic examination of a diabetic does not significantly alter vision. Rather a progression to _____ or _____ can cause blindness.
 Definition
MACULAR EDEMA OR PROLIFERATIVE RETINOPATHY WITH RETINAL DETATCHMENT
Term
6.       Eventually _____% of all diabetic patients eventually develop some degree of retinopathy, beginning at least 7 years before the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes is made.
 Definition
85.00000%
Term
7.       Diabetic neuropathy may cause an increase in glomerular filtration rate due to hyperglycemia. Both _____ and _____ accelerate the progression to end-stage renal disease.
 Definition
HYPERGLYCEMIA AND HYPERTENSION
Term
8.       Diabetic neuropathy is usually asymptomatic until end-stage _____ develops.
 Definition
RENAL DISEASE
Term
9.       _____ commonly occurs as a distal, symmetric, predominantly sensory polyneuropathy. It usually causes sensory deficits which begin with and are usually most marked by a stocking-glove distribution.
 Definition
DIABETIC NEUROPATHY
Term
10.   diabetic related causes of neuropathy.
 Definition
1) HIGH BLOOD GLUCOSE, 2) LONG DURATION OF DIABETES, 3) LOW LEVELS OF INSULIN, 4) ABNORMAL BLOOD FAT LEVELS, 5) NEUROVASCULAR FACTORS, 6) AUTOIMMUNE FACTORS, 7) MECHANICAL INJURY TO NERVES, 8) SMOKING AND ALCOHOL USE
Term
11.   different types of diabetic neuropathies.
 Definition
1) PERIPHERAL, 2) AUTONOMIC, 3) PROXIMAL, 4) FOCAL
Term
12.   _____ neuropathy causes either pain or loss of felling in the toes, feet, lets, hands, and arms.
 Definition
PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY
Term
13.   _____ neuropathy causes changes in digestion, bowel and bladder function, sexual response, and perspiration. It can also affect the nerves that serve the heart and control BP and it can also cause hypoglycemia.
 Definition
AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY
Term
14.   _____ neuropathy causes pain in the thighs, hips, or buttocks and leads to weakness in the legs. It results in the sudden weakness of one nerve, or a group of nerves, causing muscle weakness or pain.
 Definition
PROXIMAL NEUROPATHY
Term
15.   Which nerves are affected by proximal neuropathies?
 Definition
ANY NERVE MAY BE AFFECTED
Term
16.   _____ may cause numbness, tingling, and paresthesias in the extremities and less often debilitating, severe, deep-seated pain and hyperesthesias.
 Definition
DIABETIC POLYNEUROPATHIES
Term
17.   _____ are usually decreased or absent in a patient with diabetic polyneuropathies.
 Definition
ANKLE JERKS
Term
18.   Acute, painful mononeuropathies affecting the 3rd, 4th or 6th CN, as well as other nerves such as the femoral, may spontaneously improve over weeks to months, these occur more often in _____ patients are attributed to nerve infarctions.
 Definition
ELDERLY
Term
19.   A blunted decrease in heart rate in response to the Valsalva maneuver, and a blunted decrease in heart rate slowing with deep breathing are evidence of _____.
 Definition
AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY
Term
20.   _____ diabetic patients may be more at risk for cognitive dysfunction and depression. One study demonstrated that these patients had similar cognitive function as non-diabetic patients, but were twice as likely to exhibit symptoms of depression.
 Definition
ELDERLY
Term
21.   The first goals of diabetes treatment are to _____ and _____.
 Definition
ELIMINATE SYMPTOMS AND STABILIZE BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS
Term
22.   The long-term goals of diabetes treatment are to prevent _____ and to _____.
 Definition
LONG-TERM COMPLICATIONS; PROLONG LIFE
Term
23.   What is the primary treatment for type 2 diabetes?
 Definition
DIET AND EXERCISE
Term
24.   Type 2 diabetics can use _____ to help control their blood sugar levels and provide energy their muscles need.
 Definition
EXERCISE
Term
25.   A healthy _____ and sufficient _____ may be able to keep blood sugar in the normal non-diabetic range without medication.
 Definition
DIET; EXERCISE
Term
26.   _____ is important for diabetic patients because it increases insulin sensitivity.
 Definition
WEIGHT MANAGEMENT
Term
27.   Insulin sensitivity _____ when obese patients are in a negative caloric balance which occurs within weeks of starting a weight loss diet.
 Definition
INCREASES
Term
28.   Diet management in insulin treated diabetics aims to restrict variations in the timing, size, or composition of meals, which could make the prescribed insulin regimen inappropriate and result in _____, or marked _____.
 Definition
HYPOGLYCEMIA; POSTPRANDIAL HYPERGLYCEMIA
Term
29.   Exercise management is beneficial, especially in obese patients to do these 2 things.
 Definition
1) BURN CALORIES, 2) INCREASE INSULIN SENSITIVITY
Term
30.   People with diabetic neuropathies need to inspect their _____ daily for any injuries. Untreated injuries increase the risk of infection and amputation.
 Definition
FEET
Term
31.   _____ significantly increases the risk of foot problems and amputation.
 Definition
SMOKING
Term
32.   Over secretion of _____by the pancreas results in low levels or sudden shifts in the blood glucose levels causing hypoglycemia.
 Definition
INSULIN
Term
33.   16 symptoms of hypoglycemia.
 Definition
1) FATIGUE, 2) DIZZINESS, 3) HEADACHES, 4) IRRATABILITY IF MEALS ARE MISSED, 5) DEPRESSION, 6) ANXIETY, 7) CRAVINGS FOR SWEETS, 7) CONFUSION, 8) NIGHT SWEATS, 9) WEAKNESS IN LEGS, 10) SWOLLEN FEET, 11) TIGHTNESS IN CHEST, 12) HUNGER, 13) PAIN SYSTEMICALLY IN BODY, 14) MENTAL DISTURBANCES, 15) NERVOUS HABITS, 16) INSOMNIA
Term
34.   The cause of reactive hypoglycemia is unknown, but these 4 factors are believed to contribute to the cause.
 Definition
1) HEREDITY, 2) STRESS, 3) ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY, 4) POOR DIETARY HABITS
Term
35.   These things in the diet may cause hypoglycemia.
 Definition
1) REFINED CARBS, 2) FATS, 3) CAFFEINE
Term
36.   diagnostic procedures for hypoglycemia.
 Definition
1) QUESTIONNAIRE, 2) RAGLAND SIGN, 3) 5 HOUR GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST
Term
37.   _____ is an abnormal drop in the systolic BP when a patient rises from a supine to a standing position.
 Definition
RAGLAND SIGN
Term
38.   If there is a rise of approximately _____mmHg during ragland’s sign, then the test is normal.
 Definition
8MM HG
Term
39.   A drop in BP during ragland sign is a positive finding for _____.
 Definition
ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY
Term
40.   This is the confirmatory test for hypoglycemia.
 Definition
5 HOUR GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST
Term
41.   You should adjust these 3 places for a patient with hypoglycemia.
 Definition
1) C5, 2) T5-T8, 3) T9-T11
Term
42.   A person with hypoglycemia must _____ in their passive care routine.
 Definition
EXERCISE
Term
43.   3 lifestyle modifications of a patient with hypoglycemia.
 Definition
1) NEVER SKIP MEALS, 2) HIGH PROTEIN DIET, 3) AVOID REFINED CARBS
Term
44.   7 nutritional supports for hypoglycemia.
 Definition
1) CHROMIUM, 2) B-COMPLEX, 3) ADRENAL SUPPORT, 4) SNACKS BETWEEN MEALS, 5) VITAMIN C, 6) PANTOTHENIC ACID, 7) ZINC
Term
45.   Syndrome X is a confluence of these 3 diseases.
 Definition
1) HYPERTENSION, 2) DIABETES, 3) OBESITY
Term
46.   Syndrome x is caused by a lifestyle that consists of these 3 things.
 Definition
1) HIGH INTAKE OF REFINED CARBS, 2) HIGH FAT INTAKE, 3) LACK OF EXERCISE
Term
47.   7 treatment protocols of syndrome X.
 Definition
1) LOWER CALORIC INTAKE, 2) AVOID SATURATED FATS, 3) LOWER SODIUM INTAKE, 4) AVOID REFINED SUGAR, 5) INCREASE WATER SOLUBLE FIBER, 6) INCREASE FRUITS AND VEGGIES, 7) INCREASE OMEGA 3’S
Term
48.   predisposing risk factors for type 2 diabetes.
 Definition
1) MINORITY ETHNICITY, 2) OLDER AGE, 3) OBESITY, 4) HIGH WAIST TO HIP RATIO, 5) LOW BIRTH WEIGHT, 6) FAMILY HISTORY OF DIABETES, 7) HISTORY OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES, 8) PHYSICAL INACTIVITY
Term
49.   medications that cause diabetes.
 Definition
1) CORTICOSTEROIDS, 2) B-BLOCKERS, 3) THIAZIDE, 4) DIURETICS, 5) DIAZOXIDE, 6) CYCLOSPORINE, 7) NIACIN
Term
50.   Tobacco causes a _____x risk factor for macrovascular disease associated with type 2 diabetes.
 Definition
20X
Term
51.   complications of type 2 diabetes.
 Definition
1) ATHEROSCLEROSIS, 2) MACROVASCULAR DISEASE, 3) MICROVASCULAR DISEASE, 4) FOOT ULCERS, 5) DJD, 6) INFECTION, 7) COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION
Term
52.   What is the best test for diagnosis diabetes?
 Definition
GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN
Term
53.   3 glycohemoglobin findings that indicates a patient has diabetes.
 Definition
1) CASUAL GLUCOSE >200, 2) FASTING GLUCOSE >126, 3) TWO HOUR PLASMA GLUCOSE >200
Term
54.   When glucose levels are over _____, it spills into the urine and does damage to the body.
 Definition
175
Term
55.   You should re-test a patient’s blood glucose at _____ if you are trying to provide care without sending patient to an MD.
 Definition
6-8 WEEKS
Term
56.   Good glycosylated hemoglobin is below _____%.
 Definition
6.00000%
Term
57.   Poor control of glycosylated hemoglobin is between _____.
 Definition
9-12%
Term
58.   Why is it important for a chiropractor to monitor a patient’s diabetes?
 Definition
PATIENTS WILL NOT RESPOND WELL TO CARE IF YOU DO NOT TREAT THE DIABETES
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