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| Functions of H2O metabolism |
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Transport of semisolid digesta in the GIT and several solutes in blood, tissues, cells, and secretions, and excretions (urine and sweat)
Dilution of cell contents and body fluids (free movement of chemicals)
nHydrolysis: substrate; Oxidation: product |
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| Fat Content Composition Equation |
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| Body Water is estimated using: |
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| Distribution of body water (by %) |
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Spring grass – 90% moisture §Rain or dew reduces water consumption –Corn Silage – 60-70% moisture –Haylage – 50-65% moisture –Ground feeds – 10-12% moisture –Whole small grains – 12-14% moisture –Shelled Corn – 15-17%moisture Hay – 15-18% moisture Molasses – 40% moisture |
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| Glucose + 6 O2 ===> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O |
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| In a hot, dry envirnoment, an animal: |
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nLoses 23.5 g of respiratory water
Produces 12.3 g of metabolic water
Heat generated: 100 cal |
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nUrine, feces, insensible water (lungs, skin), sweat n Loss from lungs, skin, kidney is continuous
nWater in urine is a solvent for excretion products nBirds: uric acid rather than urea, little water
nFecal losses of water in humans: 7-10% of urinary water |
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True or False: nIn ruminants, fecal water loss may exceed urinary losses |
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| Loss of water from blood will increase: |
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nBlood viscosity
Hematocrit
Heart rate
Resistance to flow |
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| symptoms of water deprivation |
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nReduced feed intake, decreased water excretion, loss of emotional stability (humans) |
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| Dietary factors of water metabolism |
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nDry matter intake nWater content of feed nHigh levels of protein (excretion of urea) nYoung mammals consuming only milk (protein) |
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| Environmental factors of water metabolism |
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nHigh temperature nIn confined animals: Design and accessibility of waterers, Cleanliness nIn range animals: Distance
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| toxic substances in water |
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nnitrates, fluoride, heavy metals |
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5 kg H2O/kg feed to ensure an adequate water supply |
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| Water absorption in rumens |
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