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| Brief reference to a person, event, or place, real or fictitious, or to a work of art. Casual reference to a famous historical/literary figure or event. Drawn from history, geography, literature, or religion. |
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| of Mice and Men by George Milton, to Paradise Zone. |
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| Imaginary society in fictional writing that represents a very unpleasant imaginary world in which ominous tendencies of our present social, political, and technological order are projected in some disastrous future culmination. Citizens are universally unhappy, manipulated, and repressed by a sinister totalitarian state. |
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1984 George Orwell
I Robot |
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| placing an event, person, item, or verbal expression in the wrong historical period. Out of place in time. |
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Julius Caesar:
"Peace! Count the clock!" |
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| Comparison of 2 pairs which have the same relationship. |
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| Common language; vernacular. Local vocabulary of a culture. |
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| Rudyard Kipling's Barrack-Room Ballads |
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| Opinion, or contrast of ideas or words. Juxtaposition of sharply contrasting ideas. |
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| Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. |
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| A very short story; A narrative. |
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| Chaucer's Miller's Tales or The Carpenter's Tales |
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| Main idea/clause is first. |
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| He learned to fix cars from Alice, an elderly spinster who used to spend her time partying with Volvo mechanics. |
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| Builds suspense. Main idea/though is last. |
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| Throwing her prom dress out the window and burning her yearbook, Wilma vowed to spend the rest of her life as a welder. |
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| Literature designed explicitly to instruct. Instructional by nature. Intended to guide/teach a moral lesson. |
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| Preacher's sermon or teacher's lesson. |
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