Term
| atherogenesis starts with damage to the endothelium caused by |
|
Definition
| oxidized lipoproteins, hypertension, cigarette smoking |
|
|
Term
| this carrier penetrates the vascular wall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does oxidized LDL molecules stimulate? |
|
Definition
| secretion of adhesion molecules (VCAM-1 and MCP-1) these factors attract monocytes |
|
|
Term
| Monocytes are precursors for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do macrophages ingest oxidized LDL |
|
Definition
| scavenger receptor-->foam cell formation |
|
|
Term
| what do foam cells collect together and form |
|
Definition
| fatty streaks and yellow patches in the arterial wall. |
|
|
Term
| smooth muscles and endothelial cells secrete these substances which promotes proliferation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is synthesized by smooth muscle cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what leads to the formation of a fibrous cap |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is covered by a mature atherosclerotic cap |
|
Definition
| smooth muscle, collagen, macrophages, t-lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
| what is located in the lipid pool? |
|
Definition
| cholesterol esters, foam cells, necrotic tissue |
|
|
Term
| what type of FA is beneficial for reducing cholesterol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of FA is beneficial for reducing cholesterol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how are gall stones treated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the factors that increase intracellular free cholesterol concentration |
|
Definition
de novo biosynthesis
hydrolysis of IC cholesterol esters
dietary intake of cholesterol and uptake from chylomicrons.
receptor mediated uptake of LDL |
|
|
Term
| factors that decrease IC free cholesterol |
|
Definition
intracellular esterification of cholesterol by ACAT
Lipoprotein release by LCAT
conversion to bile acids or steroid hormones |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of statins |
|
Definition
| it inhibits HMG Coa reductase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inherited disorders of apoprotein synthesis or receptor |
|
|
Term
| what is the defect of FHCC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the defect of FCHL |
|
Definition
| overproduction of apoB100 |
|
|
Term
| apo B binds to what receptor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| apoE disorder is characteristic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LDL receptor is defective in |
|
Definition
| familial hypercholesterolemia |
|
|
Term
| this is common in diabetes mellitus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| type1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by |
|
Definition
| insulin dependent. pancreas cannot make insulin. must rely on insulin medication |
|
|
Term
| what is type 2 diabetes characterized |
|
Definition
| non-insulin dependent, cells don't respond to insulin |
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|
