Term
| FHS- File Hierarchy System |
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Definition
| specifies which directories must be located on the first level after the root directory and what they contain. |
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Definition
| the point where you mount a filesystem; for temp purposes use /mnt directory otherwise make an appropriately named directory. |
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| /lib directory contains the libraries used by programs in the directories /bin; and /sbin; Kernal modules located in /lib/modules |
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| [ mount dev/hd1 /data ] (will be mounted into /data directory) |
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| defines how storage devices and partitions are to be mounted and integrated into the overall system |
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| handles the mounted devices and is automatically updated by the mount command. |
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| each piece os hardware is represented by this. |
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| references to files located at other points in the file system |
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| a special file with which data exchange between two locally running processes can be implemented through the file system. |
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| (first in first out OR named pipe): files used to exchange data between processes, one direction of exchange only. |
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Definition
| creates a file; type [touch bob] creates a file named bob |
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| shows first 10 lines of a file |
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Definition
| shows bottom 10 lines of a file |
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Definition
| move a file from one directory to another or rename it [mv /home/myfile /home/yourfile] changes name of file to yourfile and keeps it in the same directory /home |
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Definition
| copy a file from one directory to another |
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Definition
| remove a directory [IF ITS EMPTY] |
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Term
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Definition
| used to find files with specific features |
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Term
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Definition
| locate files that meet some criteria [find /--name examplename] looks through file names not content. |
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Term
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Definition
| alternative to [find] command |
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| what type of file or command when the command is entered, tells you if it is in the shell or it tells you what directory it is in. |
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Term
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Definition
| searches through contents of files, where the [find] command only looks through file names. |
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Term
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Definition
| special metacharacters used to match patterns of text within text files; communly used by text tool commands such as grep. |
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Definition
| lets you collect multiple files or even entire directories into an archive |
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Definition
| most commonly used tool for backup |
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Definition
| command used to view the contents of text files that have been compressed with gzip. |
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Definition
| used to make and access and archive, you can extract all of those files but just want one file, cpio can extract just this one file. |
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Definition
| used to copy files and directories to a different location on the local computer or to a remote computer across a network. |
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Definition
| used to copy files to an alternate location using a particular format or method. |
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Definition
| (magnetic tape) command used to manage tape devices |
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Definition
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Definition
| default login shell stored in etc/password |
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Term
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Definition
| default login shell stored in etc/password |
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Term
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Definition
| keep track of how many commands default is 1000 commands, type history to see all or press up on keyboard. type !30 to execute command 30. |
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| switch user allows you to run x server |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| create a shell var by typing bob=echo hello ; only visible in current shell |
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Definition
| visible in current shell and any sub shells you start |
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Term
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Definition
| echoes back to the screen type [echo $bob] shows value of bob |
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Term
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Definition
| create shortcuts to commands and their options; [alias hello='echo"hello $USER"' |
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Definition
| will tell you if its build into the shell or not |
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Definition
| regular expression syntax, search for strings or patterns in files |
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Definition
| symbol: [||]. send the output from one program to the input for another program |
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Term
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Definition
symbol: [>]. sends the output from one program to a file, overwrites existing file can send to the printer [ ls > /dev/lp0 ]
symbol: [<]. gets input from a file and puts unto the program |
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Term
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Definition
| takes one output and splits in two, into a file and to standard output (monitor) |
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Term
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Definition
| Does first command ONLY. if successful, then it does command two. |
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Term
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Definition
| if first command is successful don’t do second, if first FAILS, do second command. |
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Term
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Definition
text editor: You enter in command mode
press i to enter insert mode
esc to return to cmd mode
:q to quit without saving
:wq or :x to save and quit |
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Term
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Definition
| vim, emacs, xmacs, joe, e3, pico |
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Term
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Definition
| stream editor, lets you do non interactive editing on a file , replace every occurrence of bob with Robert. |
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Definition
| text manipulator, same action as sed |
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Definition
| converts the passwd file to the shadow file |
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Term
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Definition
| remove etc/shadow and convert your user accounts to etc/passwd only |
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Definition
| modify charactictics of the user |
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Definition
| allows you to modify a group |
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Definition
| lets you set limits on resources |
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Definition
know chmod set permissions on the file what is the command
[chmod 6 4 0] UGR user group other
777 for directory and 666 for files |
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Term
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Definition
| change file ownership [ chown new_user filename ] changes just owner, to change group as well in one command [ chown new_user.new_group filename ] |
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Term
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Definition
| this command changes the group affiliation. only usable if the user IS THE OWNER and a MEMBER OF THE NEW GROUP. |
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Definition
| type [umask 022] and it subtracts from the default, read means u can do ls to list contents, write means u can add and delete, and execute means you can cd into the directory. |
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Term
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Definition
start quota service [ quotaon ]
Hard Limits: Cannot be exceeded
Soft Limits: Can be exceeded TEMPORARILARY, grace period is set to 7 days. |
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Term
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Definition
| initialize the quota system |
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Term
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Definition
edit current quote settings for a user or group [ edquota -u username ];
[ edquota -g groupname ] |
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Term
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Definition
| [ insserv scriptname ]; [ ln scriptname ] |
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Term
| What are the File Systems? |
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Definition
Ext2 - uses e2fsck
Ext3
ReiserFS - [ mkreiserfs ]
JFS - developed by IBM for its AIX systems
XFS - started by XFS |
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Term
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Definition
| used for partitioning hard disks [ fdisk /dev/hdb ] |
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Definition
| command to make file system; [ mkfs -t ext2 /dev/hdb1 ](specifies file type) |
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Definition
| [fsck filesystem] to check and repair file systems; defaults to checking filesystems in etc/fstab |
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Definition
| Redhat Package Manager; manages software packages on host |
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Definition
| used to compile multiple source files in the correct order; can also use to install and uninstall the program to or from the right location on a hard disk. |
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Definition
| (startup prompt) Grand unified boot loader, give you option to select which kernel you want to boot. |
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Definition
| boot manager similar to GRUB |
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Term
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Definition
| a system process that is not associated with the terminal |
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Term
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Definition
| returns all processes that have been started from that shell and run in the background, each is assigned a job ID# |
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Term
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Definition
| shows you the processes running “Task Manager” |
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Term
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Definition
| KDE System Guard: process status |
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Term
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Definition
| KDE System Guard: shows how much computing time processes use |
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Term
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Definition
| KDE System Guard: moves a process to the background or type [ xeyes & ] to run in background |
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Term
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Definition
| KDE System Guard: moves a process to the foreground |
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Term
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Definition
| change priority of a process |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| changes nice priority (only root can give a negative priority#) |
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Term
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Definition
| to change runlevel type [ runlevel 5 ] |
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Term
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Term
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Definition
| (runlevel) multi user no networks no graphics |
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Definition
| (runlevel) multi user with networking no graphics |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| (runlevel) multi user with networking and graphics [default boot runlevel] |
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Term
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Definition
| started by the kernal as the first process of the system, since it is the last process running, it ensures all other processes are correctly ended. CONTROLS BOOT UP AND SHUT DOWN |
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Term
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Definition
| configuration for init process, where you can control runlevels in the init environment |
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Definition
| a predetermined reaction process |
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Definition
| used to schedule a REOCCURRING job; example: run a job Mon - Fri every 10 min etc |
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Definition
| contains the cron schedule listing |
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Definition
| used to schedule a ONE TIME job |
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Term
| What are the 3 components of PROCESS? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the Process Elements? |
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Definition
PID (process ID #)
Priority
PC (Program Counter)
Memory Pointers ( shows location of allocated memory)
I/O status info
Accounting Info (who is using the resources on the computer) |
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Term
| PCB: Process Control Block |
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Definition
| has all info needed to control your process, has PID, UID, GID, priority. |
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Term
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Definition
| two states: running and not running |
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Term
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Definition
admit disptch rlease
New------>ready<-------->running->exit
| timeout |
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blocked<-----------| |
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Term
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Definition
| when one process has been executing, and we to to another process, timeout, I/o, termination, interrupt. we save the process status and registers, and select the next process and update status. PC always has the next process to fetch |
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Term
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Definition
| the time it takes when a process is activated to when it executes |
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Term
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Definition
| how much work you get done in a given set of time ( work completed in a day ) |
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Term
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Definition
| how fast the scheduling is. |
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Term
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Definition
| Processes have different priorities (PID), The lower the PID the faster they run. there are multiple queues to represent each level of priority |
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Term
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Definition
| one process cannot be interrupted and can run forever, no timeout. |
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Term
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Definition
| current process may be interrupted and moved to the ready state by the OS, allows for better service since one process cant monopolize the processor. |
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Term
| FCFS (First Come First Serve) |
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Definition
| each process joins the ready queue, and waits its turn, and next in line is executed in order. favors CPU bound processes |
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Term
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Definition
| uses preemption based on a clock, assigns time slices to processes, Everyone gets a turn. |
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Term
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Definition
| SHORTEST PROCESS NEXT. nonpreemptive, process with the shortest expected processing time is selected next. |
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Term
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Definition
Highest Response Ratio Next: choose next process with the greatest ratio
{ time spent waiting + expected service time / expected service time } |
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Definition
| changes priority during execution and is moved to different queue line; penalize jobs that have been running longer. |
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| programmer does not know where the program will be placed in memory when it is executed. While in execution, may be swapped to disk and returned to memory at a different location. |
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Definition
| processes should not be able to reference memory in another process without permission. |
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Definition
| allow several processes to access the same portion of memory |
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Definition
| any process whose size is less than or equal to the partition size can be loaded into an available partition. If a partition is full, the OS can swap a process out of a partition. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs in Fixed Partitioning; already allocated, but has not been used, if my parttion is 10b and my program is 6 b there is wasted space, any program no matter how small occupies the entire partition. |
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Definition
| process allocated exactly how much memory as is needed, eventually get holes in memory, called external fragmentation. |
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Definition
| occurs in Dynamic Partitioning; have memory that is unallocated but is too small to be useful. |
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Definition
| Starting address for the process {only exectues if offset + base <= bounds} |
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Definition
| ending location of the process {only exectues if offset + base <= bounds} |
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Definition
| divide memory and each process into equal size chunks called pages (process) and frames (memory) |
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Definition
| portion of a process, if you call a page and it's not in memory then you have a page fault it has to go look in Virtual memory, Occurs when you try to access something that is not in memory |
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Definition
| changes the user id in [usermod] |
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Definition
| most expensive part of computer, determines efficiancy. |
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