Term
| Explain the difference between "light" and "dark" reactions. |
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Definition
"Light" reactions require sunlight or artifical light to function.
"Dark" reactions do not require sunlight or artifical light to function, but is not effected of it's presence. |
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Term
| What is ground state, and how does it relate to photosynthesis? |
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Definition
Ground state is the lowest potential energy level of an atom's electron.
The electrons of chlorophyll molecules composing photosystem I and II are at this state prior to their interaction with photons. |
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Term
| What is excitation? Explain it's relevance to photosynthesis. |
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Definition
Excitation: its when electrons absorb energy.
During Photoexcitation, photons strike 2 chlorophyll electrons. The electrons absorb the energy in the photons, and bounce around until they are captured by the Primary Election Acceptor. |
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Term
| What is Primary Electron Acceptor? Explain it's relevance to photosynthesis. |
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Definition
Primary Electron Acceptor is a compound embedded in a thylakoid membrane that is reduced by an excited chlorophyll molecule.
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Term
| What is Antenna Complex? Explain it's relevance to photosynthesis. |
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Definition
| Antenna complex is composed of a number of chlorophyll molecules and accessory pigments set in a protein matrix and embedded in the thylakoid membrane. An antenna pigment absorbs a photon and transfers the energy from pigment to pigment until it reachs a chlorophyll a molecule in an area called the reaction centre. |
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Term
| Explain the first stage of photosynthesis. |
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Definition
| Duing the first stage of photosynthesis, Photoexcitation stage, photons strike photosystem II (or I) and excites the electrons on the chlorophyll molecules. The excited electrons bounce around until they are captured by the Primary Electron Acceptor; then they are transported through the ETC. |
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Term
| Illustrate a photosystem. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is photosystem I and II, what wavelengths do they absorb? |
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Definition
| Photosystem I and II are compounds, embedded in the Thylakoid membrane, composed of accessory pigments, proteins, and chlorophyll molecules. Photosystem I absorbs 700nm wavelength, and photosystem II absorbs 680nm wavelengths. |
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Term
| What is the role of protein K? |
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Definition
Protein K is responsible for splitting a water molecule into protons, electrons, and oxygen.
The protons get pumped into the Thylakoid lumen.
One of the electrons replace the missing electrons in a chlorophyll molecule. The oxygen is pumped out of the chloroplast. |
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Term
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Definition
| The H+ ions are pumped in the Thylakoid lumen, producing an Electochemical gradient. Through proton motive force, the H+ travel through ATPase and produce ATP. One ATP molecule is produced per 4 H+ ions. |
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Term
| What is the role of NAHDP and NADPH? |
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Definition
| After 2 electrons reduce NADP from the non-cyclic cycle, NADPH continues onto the Clavin Cycle where it is used to produce G3P. |
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Term
| Explain the difference between non-cyclic and cyclic cycle. |
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Definition
In the non-cyclic cycle, photosystem II and I are used. Both NADPH+ and ATP is produced.
In the cyclic cycle, only photosystem I is used. ATP is synthesized, but NADP does not become reduced because the 2 electrons are recycled. |
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