Term
| Defintion of Dysrhythmias |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Abnormal electrical conduction
(accessory pathways, cadiomyopathy, conduction defects, heart failure, MI valve disease)
Acid-base imbalance, alcohol, caffeine, tobacco, increased O2 demand, metabolic conditions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| electrical impulse through atrium-causes atrial depolarization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| time for the impulse to spread through the atria-right before ventricular contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ventricular depolarization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ventricular repolarization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| time b/t ventricular depolarization and repolarization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| entire time taken for electrical repolarization and depolarization of ventricles (on strip, it is the R to R interval) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
P wave-.06-.12 sec
PR interval-.12-.2 sec (SA-AV node)
QRS-.04-.12 sec
ST-.12 sec
T-.16
QT-.34-.43 sec. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Boxed b/t R intervals (each is 10)
Take the number of boxes X 10 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rate 60-100
P wave-.06-.12
PR-.12-.2
QRS-.04-.12
T wave upright |
|
|
Term
| Systematic approach to assess Cardiac Rhythm |
|
Definition
Is there a p wave for each QRS? Is it upright?
Are the QRS evenly spaced?
Calculate P wave
Measure PR interval
Calculate ventricular rate
Measure QRS complex
ST segment and T wave-returning to baseline?
Measure QT interval |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Waves flutter
Atrial rate 250-350 BPM
Patterned waves before (Called F-waves)QRS |
|
|
Term
| Risks with Atrial Flutter |
|
Definition
Thrombus
AV not completely emptying, lots of times on blood thinners |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Atrial rate: 350-600 BPM
F-waves present
QRS complex .04-.12 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tooth shaped waves before QRS in A-Flutter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| High stroke risk, compermised CO2, VTAC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
No P waves
Ventricular rate-150-250
PR interval not measurable
QRS wide and distorted |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Premture ventricular contraction 3 or more PVC=VTAC |
|
|
Term
| Nursing Interventions Ventricular Tachycardia |
|
Definition
| Need pulse (stable)-if pulse absent-patient not perfusing If no pulse-patient not perfusing-unstable |
|
|
Term
| S/S of Ventricular Fibrillation |
|
Definition
Derangement of heart rhythm; ventricle quivering like bag of worms-not beating
Ventricular and atrial rates not measurable. P wave absent, QRS not measurable. |
|
|
Term
| Nurs. Interventions Ventricular Fibrillation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Electronic devices used to pace the heart when normal conduction pathway is damaged |
|
|
Term
| Pacing Circuit Components |
|
Definition
| Power source, leads, myocardium |
|
|
Term
| Indications for Pacemaker |
|
Definition
Heart block (AV block, bundle branches)
Cardiomyopathy
Heart failure
Hypertensive carotid sinus syndrome (barrel receptors diminish and slow heart rate down)
SA node dysfunction
Tachydysrhythmias |
|
|
Term
| Patient Teaching - Pacemakers |
|
Definition
| report infections, keep incision dry for 4 days post/op, avoid lifting until cleared by Dr., avoid MRI, monitor pulse and report bradycardia, carry carda and wear medic alert bracelet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (Implantable Cardioverter-defribillator) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Non-dominant side
Leads can become misplaced |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| report s/s infection, incision dry for 4 days post/op, avoid lifting, driving or sexual activity until cleared by Dr., avoid magnets (MRI), If ICD fires, call Dr., 911 if fires more than once, medic alert bracelet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammatory disease of heart; inside perameter of the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pre-existing valve disease. Course extends over months |
|
|
Term
| Acute Inefective Endocarditis |
|
Definition
| Healthy valves, rapidy progressive illness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Endocardium infected; most likely valves are to |
|
|
Term
| Etiology/Patho of Inefective Endocarditis |
|
Definition
| Strep/staph infections; bacteria in blood grown on heart valves or endothelial surface previously damaged, lesions, embolization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
R side - Lung
L side - brain kidney |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
HIGH-prosthetic valves, shunts, vascular grafts, complex cyanotic, CHD.
MODERATE: acquired valvular dysfunction, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, mitral valve prolapse
LOW: old grafts, CNS shunts, pacemakers, ICD, previous CABG, stents, murmurs |
|
|
Term
| Prophylactic Antibiotics-Endocarditis |
|
Definition
| Dental procedures, tonsillectomy, bronchoscopy, upper/lower GI, cystoscopy, laparoscopy, prostate surgery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hyperthermia-fever, chills, stress on heart, administer antibiotics, pyretic, watch peaks/troughs, monitor VS, decreased CO, activity intolerance, knowledge deficit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The sack that the heart is in |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Infections (viral, bacteria, TB, fungal, toxoplasmosis, lyme disease)
Non-infections (uremia, MI, neoplasm, trauma, raditation)
Hypersensitivity or autoimmune (post MI syndrome, post pericardiotomy, rheumatic fever, drug rctions) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Severe chest pain Pleuritic nature Worsens with deep inspiration, relieved by sitting, radiate to left arm, shoulder and neck, radiates to back, shoulder, upper back via phrenic nerve, pericardial friction rub heard at lower left sternal border |
|
|
Term
| COMPLICATIONS-Pericarditis |
|
Definition
Effusion-fluid around the heart, distant heart sounds
Cardia Tamponade-rapidly increasing fluid around the heart, abnormal pulse rate during inspiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Manage pain (precordium or left trapezius ridge, sharp pleuritic and increases with inspiration; relieved by sitting forward), anxiety, distinguish pain from angina pain. Bed rest; HOB 45 degrees, anti-inflammatory meds, explain not a heart attack, monitor cardiac tamponade-could drain with needle (cardiscentesis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Caused by virus-most common
can be bacterial, fungal, radiation therapy, chemothereapy. linked to dialated cardiomyopathy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Looks like S/S of viral infection, fever, fatigue, malaise, myalgias, N/V; heart failure, SCD |
|
|
Term
| Avoid what? With Myocarditis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diuretics to decrease preload, vasodilators to decrease afterload, anticoagulants to decrease stroke risk, immunosuppresants (ribavirin and interferon), IVIG, O2, bed rest to decrease O2 demand |
|
|
Term
| Nursing Care Cont-Myocardititis |
|
Definition
| Watch S/S heart failure, semi-fowlers, space activities with lots of rest, quiet environment. KEEP ANXIETY DECREASED |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| RF is complication of strep infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cardiac lesions & valve deformitites |
|
|
Term
| Which valve is primarily affected by RF? |
|
Definition
Mitral most of the time.
Other valves-tricuspid and aortic can be affected also |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Heart murmur or mitral stenosis; tachcardia, muffled heart sounds, chest pain, friction rub, fever, joint pain, stiffness, redness, swelling, limited ROM, non itchy pink rash |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Best rest, antibiotics, corticosteroids, non steroid anti-inflammatory drugs |
|
|
Term
| What are the two semilunar valves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two atrio-ventricular valves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Constriction or narrowing of the valves-manifested by increased pressure |
|
|
Term
| Definition of Regurgitation |
|
Definition
| Incomplete closure of the valves causing the backflow of blood |
|
|
Term
| CL. Manifestations of Mitral Valve STENOSIS |
|
Definition
| DOE, palpitations, load accentuated S1, low pitched, rumbling diastolic murmur, atrial fib on ECG |
|
|
Term
| CL. Man of Mitro Valve REGURGITATION CAN BE ACUTE OR CHRONIC |
|
Definition
| Acute-pulmonary edema, shock, new systolic murmur Chronic-weakness, fatigue, palpitations, S3 gallop |
|
|
Term
| CL. Man. Mitro Valve PROLAPSE |
|
Definition
| Palpitations, dyspnea, chest pain, activity intolerance, midsystolic click |
|
|
Term
| CL. Man. of Aortic Valve STENOSIS |
|
Definition
| Angina, syncope, dyspnea on exertion, heart failure |
|
|
Term
| CL. man of Aortic Regurgitation Can be ACUTE or CHRONIC |
|
Definition
| Acute-abrupt onset of dyspnea, chest pain, L ventricular failure and shock Chronic-Fatigue, extertional dyspnea, orthopnea, systolic ejection click |
|
|
Term
| Cl. Man of Tricuspid Valve |
|
Definition
| Peripheral edema, ascites, diastolic low-pitched murmur w/decreased intensity during inspiration |
|
|
Term
| Valve disease and collaborative care |
|
Definition
| CXR, ECG, Echo, cardiac cath |
|
|
Term
| Non-surgical methods of treatment for valve disease |
|
Definition
| prophylactic antibiotics, NA restrictions, meds--nitrates, ace inhibitors, diuretics, B-blockers, anticoagulants, antidysrhythmics |
|
|
Term
| Surgical Therapy for Valve Disease |
|
Definition
| Commissurotomy, valvuloplasty, prosthetic valves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increased risk of thrombo-embolism, LT anticoagulant therapy, mechanical/biological valves. |
|
|
Term
| Nursing DX: Valvular Heart Diseased Patients |
|
Definition
| Activity intolerance, excess fluid volume, decreased cardiac output, knowledge deficit |
|
|
Term
| Definition of Cardiomyopathy |
|
Definition
| Group of diseases that affect the structural and functional ability of the myocardium |
|
|
Term
| 3 types of Cardiomyopathy |
|
Definition
| Dilated, Hypertrophic, restrictive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Seen with alcohol/cocaine abuse, genetic, hypertension, ischemia, muscular dystrophy, myocarditis, pregnancy, valvular heart disease |
|
|
Term
| S/S Dilated Cardiomyopathy |
|
Definition
| Fatigue, weakness, palpitations, dyspnea, cardiomegaly, decreased contractility, mitral valve incompetence, tachycardia, atrial & ventricular dysrhythmias |
|
|
Term
| S/S hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
|
Definition
| Seen with Aortic stenosis, genetic, HTN, exertional dyspnea, fatigue, angina, syncope, palpitations, moderate cardiomegaly, decreased/increased contractility, mitral valve incompetence, normal to decreased CO |
|
|
Term
| S/S Restrictive Cardiomyopathy |
|
Definition
| Seen with amyloidosis, endomyocardial fibrosis, tumors, post radiation therapy, sarcoidosis, ventricular thrombus; dyspnea/fatigue, mild cardiomegaly, normal to decreased contractility, normal to decreased CO |
|
|
Term
| Nursing Care & Cardiomyopathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nitrates (increase profusion), B-blockers, antidysrhythmics, Ace inhibitors, diuretics, anticoagulants (thrombosis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Focus/Goal of dilated Cardiomyopathy |
|
Definition
| Palliation of symptoms; decrease afterload, treat dysrhythmias, prevent thrombi formation. May require docutamine, ventricular assist |
|
|
Term
| Cure for Dilated Cardiomyopathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Goal Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy |
|
Definition
| Decrease ventricular contractility and relieve left ventricular outflow obstruction |
|
|
Term
| MEDS for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy |
|
Definition
| B-blockers, calcium channel blockers, amiodarone, ICD |
|
|
Term
| What med do you not give for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decreased tissue profusion and impaired cellular metabolism; imbalance b/t supply and demand for O2 and nutrients; may lead to multi-organ syndrome (MOS) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Low blood flow
Mal-distribution |
|
|
Term
| What shock is low blood flow shock |
|
Definition
| cardiogenic, hypovolemic, relative hypovolemic |
|
|
Term
| What kind of shock is mal-distributive flood flow shock |
|
Definition
| Neurogenic, anaphylactic, septic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension, narrowed pulse pressure, crackles, cool clammy skin, cyanosis, pallor, decreased cap refill, decreased urine output |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, decreased urine output |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bradycardia, hypotension, hyperthermia at first then hypothermia, dry skin, loss of bowel and bladder tone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| facial flushing, swelling of the lips, tongue, dizziness, edema, wheezing, stridor, severe bronchospasms and chest pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hypotension with widening of the pulse pressure-then crashing BP, tachycardia/tachypnea, respiratory arrest, does not respont to fluid resuscitation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| compensatory, progressive, refractory |
|
|
Term
| S/S Compensatory Stage of Shock |
|
Definition
| tachycardia, tachypnea, pale cool skin, decreased uring output, hypoactive bowel sounds, decreased pO2, decreased O2 stats |
|
|
Term
| S/S of progressive stage of shock |
|
Definition
| decreased LOC, hypotension, tachycardia, pulmonary edema, cool clammy skin, thrombin clots in micro-circulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unresponsiveness, hypotension, bradycardia, respiratory failure, ischemic bowel, third spacing, mottled cyanotic skin |
|
|
Term
| Collaborative Care for Shock patient |
|
Definition
| O2 and ventilatory support; continuous monitoring of VS, mechanical ventilation, fluid resuscitation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gender, ethnic group, lifestyle choices, diet, access to healthcare |
|
|
Term
| End organ damage in HTN affect...... |
|
Definition
| MI, heart failure, stroke, renal failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cardiac-the heart rate
Renal-fluid volume
Sympathetic Nervous System-vasoconstriction and increased HR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The force opposing the movement of blood within the vessels |
|
|
Term
| Three factors that affect SVR |
|
Definition
Vasoconstrictors (angiotensin & norepinephrine)
local regulators (prostaglandins=vasodilation
endothelin=vasoconstriction
SNS stimulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
increase HR, increase myocardial contractility, wide spread vasoconstriction, increased release of renin from the kidneys
Net Effect-increase CO and SVR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Controls sodium excretion and extracellular fluid volume. If sodium level is high=H2O retention |
|
|
Term
| Job of endocrine system and HTN |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the job of NE r/t HTN |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Job of epinephrine in HTN |
|
Definition
| Increase HR and myocardial contractility and causes vasoconstruction of peripheral arterioles |
|
|
Term
| Risk Factors for Primary HTN |
|
Definition
| age >50, diabetes, high lipids, high sodium diet, obesity, smoking, seditary lifestyle |
|
|
Term
| Definition of primary HTN |
|
Definition
Increased BP without a cause
Associated with increased SNS activity and over production of aldosterone |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Pre HTN |
|
Definition
Systolic-120-139
Diastolic-80-89 |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Stage I HTN |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Stage II HTN |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Narrowing of aorta, renal and hepatic disease, endocrine disorders, head injury, sleep apnea, pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increased CO, increased system vascular resistance, heredity, high sodium western diet, insulin resistance |
|
|
Term
| 4 Organs that damage occurs from HTN |
|
Definition
| Heart, peripheral and cerebral vasculature, kidneys, retina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HBP flow injures vascular endothelium...it becomes thick and has places for plaque to get stuck |
|
|
Term
| Relationship b/t HTN and Cerebrovascular disease |
|
Definition
| Stroke risk increased by 4x; TIA and stroke are due to plaque formation and embolization |
|
|
Term
| Left Ventricular Hypertrophy |
|
Definition
| Increased left vascular resistance causes the LV to work harder, so it gets thick, stretched and boggy. |
|
|
Term
| How does HTN affect the kidneys? |
|
Definition
| causes nephrosclerosis; increased pressure causes narrowing of the arteries and arterioles ---death of nephrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Damage to retinal vessels indicate damage to other blood vessels-heart, kidney & brain. Leads to blurred vision, retinal hemorrhage and loss of vision |
|
|
Term
| What studies are done to diagnose HTN |
|
Definition
| BP-two or more readings (supine and sitting up), BUN, creatine, blood glucose, EKG, hx of stroke? Tia? pulses-all present? bruits? |
|
|
Term
| Collaborative care for HTN |
|
Definition
| weight reduction, DASH eating, sodium restriction, moderate alcohol, regular aerobic exercise, avoid tobacco and caffine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Low sodium, decreased calories, increased fiber |
|
|
Term
| What is the Goal of DASH eating |
|
Definition
| Decrease sodium to 2g p/day. Teach patient how to read labels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diuretics, adrenergic inhibitors, direct vasodilators, angiotensin inhibitors, calcium channel blockers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| First line of therapy for mgmt of HTN. Inhibit sodium reabsorption in distal tubial. |
|
|
Term
| Use of Adrenergic Inhibitors in HTN |
|
Definition
| diminishing the SNS that increase BP |
|
|
Term
| Use of Vasodilators for HTN |
|
Definition
| Decrease BP by relaxing vascular smooth muscle and reducing systemic vascular resistance. |
|
|
Term
| Nursing interventions for Adrenergic Inhibitors |
|
Definition
| monitor BP, urine output, orthostatic hypertension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II |
|
|
Term
| Nursing Interventions for Ace Inhibitors |
|
Definition
| monitor BP, kidney function, creatin, BUN, potassium, diet...avoid high potassium foods |
|
|
Term
| MOA calcium channel blockers |
|
Definition
| increase sodium excretion and cause vasodilation |
|
|
Term
| Nursing Implications of calcium channel blockers |
|
Definition
| decreased HR, decreased contractility, bradycardia, N/V, HA, dizziness, peripheral edema |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diuretics and lifestyle modifications; 2 or more antihypertensive meds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drug side effects & precautions, S/S orthostatic hypertension, encourage lifestyle changes, BP and meaning, BP monitoring, therapy does not cure-but controls, dangers of uncontrolled HTN |
|
|
Term
| Patient teaching HTN Meds |
|
Definition
| Name, dose and SE of all meds, take meds regularly, do not stop abruptly, dont adjust dose by ones self, s/s of orthostatic htn, sexual problems consult dr before taking OTC meds |
|
|
Term
| Cl. Man. of Orthostatic HTN |
|
Definition
drop in SBP of 20 or more
drop in DBP of 10 or more
Increased HR of 20 when patient changes position
Dizziness, faint or light headed, BP will drop, HR will increase to compensate |
|
|
Term
| HTN is associated with......in the older adult |
|
Definition
| loss of tissue elasticity, myocardial stiffness, increased peripheral vascular resistance, decreased adrenergic receptor, sensitivity, blunting of the baroreceptors, decreased renin function. |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of HTN Crisis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Can be deadly and cause organ damage, seizure, shock, MI and encephalopathy; could see acute confussion |
|
|
Term
| Cl. Man of Hypertensive crisis |
|
Definition
| HA, N/V, seizure, confusion, coma, blurred vision |
|
|
Term
| Tx of Hypertensive Crisis |
|
Definition
| vasodilators, nitropress, apresoline, vasotec. Do not lower blood pressure too quickly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fat sticks to inside of arteries and harden; hardening of the arteries, endothelial damage caused by inflammation r/t tobacco, HTN, DM |
|
|
Term
| Modifiable risk factors for CAD |
|
Definition
| serum lipids, HTN, smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, metabolic syndrome, stress, homocystine levels |
|
|
Term
| Non-modifiable risk factors for CAD |
|
Definition
| age, gender, ethnicity, family hx, genetics, more women than men, more caucasions than AA |
|
|
Term
| Nursing Interventions for CAD |
|
Definition
| maintain healthy weight, reduce salt, low fat, low cholesterol diet, increase exercise, avoid tobacco & alcohol, encourage plant proteins, high fiber diet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exercise 30 min 5x p/w; encourage relaxation, controlled anxiety/depression, obesity-encourage change in eating, diabetes, smoking cessation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stable and Chronic Stable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Precipitating events; quality of pain; radiation of pain; severity of pain; timing |
|
|
Term
| Cl. Man of Chronic Stable Angina |
|
Definition
| ache in the chest (pressure/squeezing), does not change with position or breathing, sub-sternal, often radiates to jaw, shoulder, or arm, EKG shows ST segment depression-not elevation; pleuritic pain may change |
|
|
Term
| Precipitating factors for Angina |
|
Definition
| Increased HR, decreased time spent in diastole, temperature extremes, strong emotions, tobacco and drug use, sexual activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Administer O2, aspirin to thin blood, nitrates to dilate the coronary arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increase O2 supply and decrease O2 demand |
|
|
Term
Tx of Chronic Stable Angina
****ABCDEF**** |
|
Definition
| Antiplatelet, B-blockers, cigarette smoking and cholesterol, diet and diabetes, educate and exercise, flu shot |
|
|
Term
| Angina Diagnostic Studies |
|
Definition
| 12 lead ECG, echo cardiogram, exercise stress test, coronary angiography |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of chronic stable |
|
Definition
| pain lasts 5-15 min, provoked by exertion, relieved by rest/nitroglycerin |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of stable angina |
|
Definition
| new onset, increasing frequency, duration or severity, occurs with rest or minimal exertion, not relieved by nitro |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of unstable angina |
|
Definition
| change in pattern of pain, occurs w/o excertion-during sleep-pain at rest, more pain, fatigue and SOB |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pain, sns stimulation, cardiovascular, N/V, fever. No change with nitro or position changes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| skin is cool and clamy, BP and HR initially increase, as heart decompensates, BP drops. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dysrhythmias, heart failure-crackles, cardiogenic shock, MV regurgitation, ventricular aneurism, pericardial friction rub |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| O2 2-4L per nasal cannula, VSQ15m, bed rest (decreases cardio demand) |
|
|
Term
Risk factors for SCD
(Sudden cardiac death) |
|
Definition
| left ventricular ejection fraction less than 30%, post MI ventricular dysrhythmia, male gender, family hx, smokers, cardiomyopathy, DM, HTN, high cholesterol |
|
|
Term
| Impaired cardiac pump caused by...... |
|
Definition
| anything affecting preload, afterload, myocardial contractility, HR or metabolic rate |
|
|
Term
| Heart failure is associated with...... |
|
Definition
| Cardiovascular disease, long standing HTN, CAD, MI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CAD, HTN, rheumatic heart, congenital HD, cor pulmonale, cardiomyopathy, bacterial endocarditis, valvular disorders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MI, dysrhythmias, PE, anaphylaxis, VSD, ruptured papillary muscle, myocarditis |
|
|
Term
| Precipitating conditions of HF |
|
Definition
| anemia, infection, hypothyroidism, dysrhythmia, bacterial endocarditis, pulmonary disease and hypervolemia |
|
|
Term
| HF is classified into....... |
|
Definition
| Systolic and diastolic failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| results from the inability of the heart to pump blood. LV looses its ability to eject blood forward through aorta. LV becomes big and boggy, LVEF is decreased |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| impaired ability of the ventricles to relax and fill during diastole, ventricle can't handle the volume, so blood backs up into pulmonary or systemic vascular systems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patient is really in trouble, have decreased BP and decreased HR, impaired renal profusion, poor activity tolerance |
|
|
Term
| S/S left sided heart failure |
|
Definition
| blood backs up into the left atrium and pulmonary vein, crackles, dyspnea, tachypnea, S3 and S4 heart sounds, mental status change, fatigue, anxiety, orthopnea, dry hacking couph, nocturia. pink tinged frothy sputum in advanced pulmonary edema. |
|
|
Term
| What does the patient look like with LHF |
|
Definition
| sleeping on lots of pillows (6), going to bathroom many times per night. |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Right side heart failure |
|
Definition
| blood backs up into the right atria and venous circulation |
|
|
Term
| What does the patient look like with Right side HF? |
|
Definition
| tree trunks for legs, hands/feet swollen, high BP, bloated, weight gain, nausea, fatigue and anxiety |
|
|
Term
| How to care for Pulmonary Edema |
|
Definition
| high fowlers position, O2 by mask, VS q1h, continuous telemetry monitoring, drug therapy |
|
|
Term
| Drug therapy for pulmonary edema |
|
Definition
| diuretics, nitro, morphine IV, inotropic therapy (increases cardiac output) |
|
|
Term
| Cl. Man of Chronic heart failure |
|
Definition
| fatigue, dyspnea, tachycardia, edema, nocturia, skin changes, mental status changes, chest pain |
|
|
Term
| Care of the ptnt with Chronic heart failure |
|
Definition
| O2 therapy, rest periods (keeping O2 demand low), drug therapy, daily weights, sodium restrictions, ventricular assist devices |
|
|
