Term
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Definition
| strong affection bond with special others that endures over time |
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Term
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Definition
| any kind of phase-sensitive learning (learning occurring at a particular age or a particular life stage) that is rapid and apparently independent of the consequences of behavior. It was first used to describe situations in which an animal or person learns the characteristics of some stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| pleasurable tactile sensations provided by a soft and cuddly parent |
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Term
| strange situation procedure |
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Definition
| researcher observes infants in a presence or absence of their mother or a stranger |
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Term
| preconventional level (stage 1:punishment- obedience orientaion, stage 2: intrumental- exchange orientation) |
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Definition
| first level of moral development, in which morality is based on rewards, punishment, and the exchange of favors |
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Term
| preconventional, conventional, postconventional |
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Definition
| Kohlberg's 3 stages of moral development |
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Term
| conventional level (stage 3: good-child orientaion, stage 4: law-and-order orientation) |
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Definition
| second level of moral development,in which moral judgments are based on compliance with the rules and values of society |
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Term
| postconventional level (stage 5: social-contract orientation, stage 6: universal-ethics orientation) |
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Definition
| highest level of moral development, which individuals develop personal standards for right and wrong, and they define morality in terms of abstract principles and values that apply to all situations and societies |
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Term
-moral reasoning vs. behavior
-possible gender bias
-cultural differences |
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Definition
| Kohlberg's theory has three ares of criticisms |
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Term
1: trust vs. mistrust
2: autonomy vs. shame and doubt
3: initiative vs. guilt
4: industry vs. inferiority
5: identity vs. role confusion
6: intimacy vs. isolation
7: generativity vs. stagnation
8: ego integrity vs. despair |
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Definition
| Erikson's 8 stages of psychological development |
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Term
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Definition
| 8 developmental stages, each involving a crisis that must be successfully resolved, that individuals pass through in Erikson's theory of psychological development |
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Term
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Definition
| maleness and femaleness, including chromosomal sex; also masturbation and intercourse |
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Term
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Definition
| psychological and sociocultural meanings added to biological maleness and femaleness |
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Term
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Definition
| societal expectations for normal and appropriate male and female behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| internal rules governing correct behaviors for boys versus girl |
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Term
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Definition
| being assertive and aggressive when necessary but also gentle and aggressive |
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Term
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Definition
| cultures in which the needs and goals of the individual are emphasized over the needs and goals of the group |
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Term
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Definition
| how we define and understand ourselves |
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Term
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Definition
| cultures in which the needs and goals of the group are emphasized over the needs and goals of the individual |
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Term
| personality-job fit theory |
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Definition
| a match between our individual personality and out career choices is a major factor in determining job success and satisfaction |
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Term
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Definition
| successful aging is fostered by a full and active commitment to life |
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Term
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Definition
| successful aging is characterized by mutual withdrawal between the elderly and society |
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Term
| socioemotional selectivity theory |
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Definition
| a natural decline in social contact as older adults become more selective with their time |
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Term
| permanence, universality, nonfunctionality |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Securely Attached, Avoidant, Anxious/Ambivalent |
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Definition
| Ainsworth’s strange situation procedure identified three types of attachment in children |
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Term
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Definition
| Child stays close to mother, shows moderate distress when separated, and is happy when mother returns |
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Term
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Definition
| Child treats mother and stranger the same and rarely cries when mother leaves |
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Term
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Definition
| Child is upset when mother leaves. When mother returns, child seeks closeness, but also squirms away |
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Term
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Definition
| an individual’s behavioral style and characteristic of responding |
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Term
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Definition
| restrict and punish; orders not to be questioned; little verbal exchange |
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Term
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Definition
| encourage independence within limits; extensive verbal give and take; warmth, nurturance |
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Term
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Definition
| little involvement; unaware of what child is doing |
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Term
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Definition
| involved but without placing demands. Highly permissive |
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Term
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Definition
| developed a model of moral development (right and wrong) based on responses to moral dilemmas |
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Term
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Definition
| affect cognitive, social, and personality development |
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Term
| Cognitive-developmental theory |
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Definition
| suggests children form gender schemas (mental images) of correct behaviors for boys versus girls. |
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Term
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Definition
| combining characteristics typically male (assertive, athletic) with those considered typically female (yielding, nurturing); from Greek andro, meaning “male,” and gyn, meaning “female” |
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Term
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Definition
| many aspects of memory, speed of processing, inhibition |
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Term
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Definition
| wisdom, semantic information, some aspects of everyday memory |
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Term
Permanence
Universality
Nonfunctionality |
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Definition
| ppl respond to death according to 3 things: |
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Term
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Definition
| developed a five stage theory of the psychological processes surrounding death |
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Term
Denial (“It can’t be true!”)
Anger (“Why me? It’s not fair!”)
Bargaining (“I’ll change everything!”)
Depression (“I’ve lost everything.”)
Acceptance (“I know my time is near.”) |
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Definition
| the 5 theories of psychological processes surrounding death: |
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