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| first and largest category in the scientific classification system of organisms; can be divided into smaller groups; phylum, class, order, family, genus and species |
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| a group of similar species |
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| a two-word naming system for organisms; first word is the genus and second word is the species |
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| evolutionary history of an organism; used by scientists to group organisms into kingdoms |
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| describes an organism that remains attached to one place during its lifetime. |
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| animal that produces sperm and eggs in the same body, but its sperm cannot fertilize its own eggs. |
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| cnidarian body type that is vase-shaped and is usually sessile |
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| cnidarian body type that is bell-shaped and free-swimming |
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| armlike structures that have stinging cells and surround the mouths of most cnidarians |
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| organism that does not depend on another organism for food or a place to live. |
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| opening at the end of the digestive tract through which wastes leave the body |
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| thin layer of tissue that covers a mollusk's body organs; secretes the shell or protects the body of mollusks without shells. |
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| organs that exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen in water |
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| blood circulation system in which blood moves through vessels and into open spaces around the body organs. |
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| in gastropods, the tonguelike organ with rows of teeth used to scrape and tear food. |
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| closed circulatory system |
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| circulation system in which blood moves through the body in closed vessels. |
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| jointed structures of arthropods, such as legs, wing, or antennae |
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| thick, hard, outer covering that protects and supports arthropod bodies and provides places for muscles to attach. |
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| shedding and replacing of an arthropod's exoskeleton |
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| openings in the abdomen and thorax of insects through which air enters and waste gases leave |
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| process in which many insect species change their body form to become adults; can be complete (egg, larva, pupa, adult) or incomplete (egg, nymph, adult). |
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| animal that has a notochord, a nerve cord, gill slits, and a postanal tail present at some stage in its development. |
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| firm but flexible structure that extends along the upper part of a chordate's body. |
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| muscular structure at the end of developing chordate. |
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| tubelike structure above the notochord that in most chordates develops into the brain and spinal cord. |
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| in developing chordates, the paired openings found in the area between the mouth and digestive tube. |
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| supportive framework of bone and or cartilage that provides an enternal place for muscle attachment and protects a vertebrate's internal organs. |
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| tough, flexible tissue that joins vertebrae and makes up all or part of the vertebrate endoskeleton. |
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| vertebrate animal whose internal temperature changes when the temperature of its environment changes. |
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| vertebrate animal with a constant internal temperature. |
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| fanlike structure used by fish for steering, balancing, and movement |
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| thin, hard plates that cover a fish's skin and protect its body. |
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| cyclic response of inactivity and slowed metabolism that occurs during periods of cold temperatures and limited food supplies. |
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| inactivity in hot, dry months during which amphibians hide in cooler ground. |
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| egg covered with a leathery shell that provides a complete environment for the embryo's development; for reptiles, a major adaptation for living on land. |
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| strong, lightweight feathers that give birds their coloring and shape and that are used for flight. |
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| soft, fluffy feathers that provide an insulating layer next to the skin of adult birds and that cover the bodies of young birds. |
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| vertebrate animal with a constant internal temperature. |
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| process in which a bird rubs oil from an oil gland over its feathers to condition them. |
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| endothermic vertebrates that have hair, teeth specialized for eating certain foods, and whose females have mammary glands that produce milk for feeding their young. |
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| milk-producing glands of female mammals used to feed their young |
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| animal that eats plants and animals or animal flesh |
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| animal that eats only other animals or the remains of other animals. |
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| animal that eats only plants or parts of plants. |
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| mammals that lay eggs with leathery shells. The female incubates the eggs and after the young hatch, they nurse by licking the female's skin and hair where milk oozes from the mammary glands. Monotreme mammary glands do not have nipples. |
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| an mammal with an external pouch for the development of its immature young |
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| a mammal whose offspring develop inside a placenta in the female's uterus. |
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| period during which an embryo develops in the uterus; the length of time varies amoung species. |
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| a saclike organ in which a placental embryo develops; absorbs oxygen and food from the mother's blood. |
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| connects the embryo to the placenta; moves food and wxygen from the placenta to the embryo and rimoves the embryo's waste products. |
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