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A break or crack along which rocks move
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| the number of years since a rock formed |
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| Way to determine relative ages of rocks |
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Age of a rock compared with the age of other rocks
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| Fossils used to determine the relative ages of other rock layers |
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| A hardened layer of magma that coold into a mass of igneous rock |
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| A place where an eroded surface is in contact with a newer rock layer |
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| process by which rocks can be changed from one form into another |
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| Carbon film, trace fossils, petrified fossils, mold and cast, preserved |
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| xtremely thin coating of carbon on rock. All living things contain carbon. Sediment buries an organism, than squeezes almost all of it away, leaving carbon film |
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| provide evidence of the activities of ancient organisms. Footprint is example-provides clues of size and behavior |
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| Preserved the remains of organisms with little or no change. Example tar, amber and freezing |
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| 3 Ways remains of organism can be preserved? |
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| Tar, sticky oil seeped from earth's surface, animals became stuck. Amber resin or sap from trees trap insect. Freezing found remains in very cold regions. |
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| Turned to stone, sediment covered the wood, water rich in dissolved minerals seeped into cells causing some of original wood to remain hardened and preserved. |
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| Another type of Petrified fossils |
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| Formed by replacement, minerals making copy of organism |
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Copy shape of organisms. Mold is a hollow area in sediment in the shape of an organism or part of an organism-mold forms when hard part of the organism is buried in sediment. Cast is a copy of the shape of an organism, the mold is filled with minerals to form cast |
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| Why are fossils important? |
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Provide picture of Earth's environment in past, clues of climate and learn changes of earth's surface |
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| Remains or Traces of an organism |
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| Scientists who study fossils |
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| Form from animals or plants that once lived in or near quiet waters, such as swamps, lakes, or shallow seas where SEDIMENTS build up and by being protected from decay. |
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| mixtures of minerals and other materials |
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| Name 3 major rock groups. |
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| Igneous rock, Sedimentary and metamorphic |
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| How does Igneous rock form |
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| molten material cools and hardens below/on surface |
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| How does sedimentary rock form? |
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| particles of other rocks or remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together, below surface |
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| How does metamorphic rock form? |
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| existing rockis changed by heat, pressure or chemical reactions deep underground. |
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| What does unconformity show? |
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| Shows where some rock layers have been lost because of erosion |
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| How do geologists determine the relative age of rocks? |
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by the Law of Superposition-which is - in horizontal sedimentary rock layers -the oldest layer is at the bottom. Each higher layer is younger than the layers below it. |
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| What gives other clues to the relative ages of rocks? |
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| Intrusions, extrusions and faults. |
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| Is a fault younger or older thant the rock it cuts through? |
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What characteristics are necessary for a fossil to be considered an Index Fossil? 2 reasons. |
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| It must be widely distributed in many different areas and represent a type of organism that existed only briefly. |
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| Name an example of an Index Fossil |
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| A trilobites with large eyes. |
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| In which type of rock are fossils usually found? |
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| What drives the rock cycle: |
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