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| desert in northern Africa |
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| group of traders traveling together |
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| early kingdom in West Africa called "land of gold" because it was rich in this natural resource |
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| an important resource that Ghana lacked that became as valuable as gold. Trade routes to Ghana developed because of this. |
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| large kingdom in West Africa that owed its wealth to trade |
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| rich king of Mali who was a Muslim and made a pilgrimage to Mecca, bringing back trade and learning |
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| a journey taken for religious reasons |
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| another large trading kingdom in West Africa |
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| an instrument that helped sailors use the sun and stars to find their location in latitude |
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| Italian trader/explorer whose travels in China inspired other traders to trade with China |
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| the emperor of China whose riches astounded Marco Polo |
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| valuable trade goods that Europeans wanted from China |
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| network of trade routes that was the major route between China and other lands |
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| trade goods, ideas, skills, and customs |
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| things that traveled on the Silk Road |
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| Chinese invention that made it possible for sailors to determine their direction far out at sea |
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| commanders of a fleet of Chinese ships that made 7 voyages of trade and exploration, causing an increase in demand for Chinese trade goods |
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| skilled sailors from northern Europe who sailed on raiding missions |
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| Viking leader who settled in Greenland |
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| Viking who was the first European to set foot upon North America |
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| "Land of Wine" found by Leif Ericsson in what is today Canada |
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| long spoken tales; these Viking tales were finally written down, giving evidence that they were the first European explores in North America |
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| period of time in Europe marked by a new interest in science, art, and a desire to learn more about the world |
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| German inventor of the printing press, which allowed books to be printed rapidly and cheaply |
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| European country that led the way in exploring the African coast |
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| Prince Henry the Navigator |
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| the king of Portugal's son who started a navigation school to improve methods of navigation |
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| the buying and selling of human beings; Portugal profited from this as they explored the coast of Africa |
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| Portuguese explorer whose ships got as far as the southern tipof Africa before having to turn back |
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| southern tip of Africa; so called because of the Portuguese hope for a sea route to Asia |
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| Portuguese explorer whose ships were the first to find a sea route to Asia around Africa |
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