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| # of deaths in a place/time |
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Term
First Half of Pregnancy
Anabolic Phase |
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Definition
Increase in blood plasma volume
increase in nutrient stores
increase in placental size |
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Term
second half of pregnancy
catabolic phase |
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Definition
| using of extra stores to support fetus |
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Term
| Birth weight is associated to |
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Definition
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Definition
| glucose is preferred energy for fetus |
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Definition
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Term
carb metabolism
1st half of pregnancy |
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Definition
1. we eat
2. blood glucose level increase
3. secrete insulin
4.insulin promotes energy storage
5. glucose--> glycogen, fat |
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Term
Carb metabolism
2nd half of pregnancy |
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Definition
1.we eat
2.secrete insulin/ other hormones
3.inhibits glucose storage
4. glucose goes to developing fetus
5.mom's energy from glycogen/protein->glucose/fat |
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Definition
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| Conditions that cause ketone production:(3) |
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Definition
uncontrolled diabetes
fasting
weight loss during pregnancy |
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Definition
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| Ketones are used for ______ by fetus |
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Definition
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| Long term use of ketones by the fetus result in... |
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Definition
reduced growth
impaired intellectual development |
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Term
"Protein Metabolism during pregnancy"
_______used to synthesize new tissues |
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Definition
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Term
"Protein Metabolism during pregnancy"
mom ______ ______ store protein early in pregnancy for later use |
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Definition
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Term
"Protein Metabolism during pregnancy"
Needs met by intake (before, during, after) pregnancy? |
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Definition
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Term
"Fat metabolism during pregnancy"
First half of pregnancy... |
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Definition
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Term
"Fat metabolism during pregnancy"
Second half of pregnancy |
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Definition
mobilization and utilization of fat stores
blood lipid levels and cholesterol levels ↑ |
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Term
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Definition
production of hormones/enzymes
nutrient and gas exchange
remove waste
barrier |
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Term
| ______ needs fulfilled before the fetus |
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Definition
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Term
| Placenta ___-____% of glucose delivered |
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Definition
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Term
| passes easily through placenta (3) |
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Definition
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Term
| does NOT pass through placenta(2) |
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Definition
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Term
| Hyperplasia & Hypertrophy |
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Definition
| Cell multiplication and differentiation |
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Term
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Definition
time during development when cells/tissue form
Tissues susceptible to nutrient deficiency at this time |
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Term
| neural tube(brain/ spinal cord)develop |
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Definition
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Definition
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| Variations in fetal growth are usually caused by ______ ________ not genetics |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Insulin like growth factor
primary growth stimulator of fetus |
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Term
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Definition
| Intrauterine growth retardation weight or length for gestational age is low |
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Term
| Environmental factors affecting growth |
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Definition
underwgt pre-pregnancy
poor diet intake
smoking
drug abuse |
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Term
SGA
small for gestational age |
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Definition
| infant born with wgt in less that 10% percentile |
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Term
dSGA
disproportionately small for gest. age |
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Definition
low wgt
normal head circumference
normal length
wrinkled, small abdominal, small organs, cells smaller, low body fat |
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Term
pSGA
proportionately small for gest. age |
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Definition
| wgt, lgt, head circum. all <10% |
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Term
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Definition
malnutrition during 3rd trimester
when adult-higher risk of heart disease, HTN, type 2 diabetes |
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Term
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Definition
reduced # of cells in organs/tissue
small wrinkled but well proportioned |
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Term
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Definition
born with wgt in 90th percentile
related to prepregnancy obesity, poorly controlled diabetes
lower death rate than SGA, taller |
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Term
Preterm delivery risks
<37 wks preterm
<34 wks VERY preterm |
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Definition
| increased mortality, malformations, GI respiratory problems, decreased growth/IQ |
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Term
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Definition
| sudden rise in bp during 2nd half of pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
high bp
protein in urine
extreme swelling(edema) in face hands or legs |
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Term
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Definition
| severe headache, vision trouble, rapid wgt gain, stomach pain |
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Term
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Definition
seizures/convulsions in a pregnant woman
Life threatening/unpredictable |
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Term
| Nutrition Facts panel must list (13) |
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Definition
| fat, sat. fat, trans fat, cholesterol, sodium, total carbs, fiber, sugar, protein, vit a/c, calcium, iron |
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Term
| Limit these nutrients...(5) |
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Definition
| total fat, saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, sodium |
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Term
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Definition
| fiber, vitamin a, vitamin c, calcium, iron |
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Term
"% Daily Value"
5% or less...
20% or more... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| to treat, cure, or prevent disease |
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Term
| health claims must include what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| replacement of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and iron to refined grains |
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Term
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Definition
| addition of vitamins or minerals to food products |
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Term
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Definition
| products have been modified to enhance health benefits |
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Term
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Definition
| indigestible carbs that support growth of beneficial bacteria in lower intestine |
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Definition
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Definition
| info from 3 days/wk, trained interviewer, review completed records |
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Definition
| lengthy interview, modified 24hr recall expensive. |
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Definition
| client records intake training improves accuracy |
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Definition
| how often a person consumes a food |
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Definition
| science of measuring human body/parts |
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Definition
| constancy of the internal environment. Balance of fluids, nutrients, temp., to ensure proper fuction of cells |
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Term
"Vitamin Storage"
Water soluble
Fat soluble |
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Definition
limited storage(except B12)
Lasting storage |
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Term
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Definition
| prevent or repair damage to cells caused by oxidizing agents (Vit c,e) |
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Term
Linoleic Acid(omega6)
Amount needed |
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Definition
| 17g/day men 12g/day women |
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Term
Alpha Linolenic(omega3)
Amount needed |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
"Trans Fats"
Hydrogenation |
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Definition
adding H to double bonds of FA to enhance storage life.
(cis vs. trans structure) |
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Term
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Definition
| fat soluble clear liquid found in animal products |
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Term
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Definition
omega 3 -alpha linolenic
omega 6 -linoleic |
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Term
omega 6 found in
(We get enough and store in body fat) |
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Definition
| vegetable oils, meats, human milk |
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Term
omega 3 found in
(body stores small amt)
EPA/DHA are derivatives |
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Definition
| dark green veggies, vegetable oils, flax seed |
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Term
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Definition
| Dietary Reference Intakes |
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Term
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Definition
| absence of production of children |
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Term
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Definition
| biological capacity to bear children |
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Term
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Definition
| the actual production of children |
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Term
| gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) |
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Definition
| acts on pituitary to release FSH and LH |
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Term
| follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) |
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Definition
| growth/maturation of follicles containing ova & estrogen production w/in cells |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulate progesterone secretion |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulates GnRH in follicular/- in luteal phase |
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Term
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Definition
| prepares uterus for fertilized ovum |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| formed from original follicle that contained the ovum prior to release. |
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Term
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Definition
| steroid hormones produced in testes, ovaries, & adrenal cortex from cholesterol |
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Term
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Definition
| presence of endometrial tissue in abnormal places causing pain, abnormal menstrual cycles and infertility. |
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