Term
|
Definition
| The space between the bearing & the crankshaft that allows for expansion of parts while still allowing slipping. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Measurable Aft or End free movement of an item. In the engine this would be in regards to the crankshaft. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An engine block assembly that includes the heads and valve assembly. |
|
|
Term
| Overhead Cam Engine (OHC) |
|
Definition
| An engine where the camshaft is located on the top of the head. |
|
|
Term
| Dual Overhead Cam Engine (DOHC) |
|
Definition
| Overhead Cam engine with one rail for intake and one rail for exhaust per head. On a V6, or V8 engine both rails would have 2 camshafts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When a piston has too much clearance between the piston & the cylinder walls causing the piston to 'slap' against the cylinder. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The type of valve used for the intake and exhaust valves on a four-stroke internal combustion engine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An engine where the camshaft is located within the engine block and there are two valves per cylinder. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Metal tubing of the intake & exhaust manifold that transfers air to the engine block cylinders and exhaust out of. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An engine block assembly that does not include the heads & valve train assembly. |
|
|
Term
| Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) |
|
Definition
| 25 degrees at sea level. What we use to measure air volume. |
|
|
Term
| How much is air volume affected by altitude? |
|
Definition
| 3.5% with each 1000ft change. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ideal mixture of air to fuel in a 4-stroke engine. Equal to 15:1. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The upper part of the engine which includes the cylinder heads and valve train. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Refers to the parts of the engine that are responsible for opening and closing the valves. Camshaft, lifters, pushrods, rocker arms, valves & springs. |
|
|
Term
| How many times does each valve open during 720 degrees of crankshaft rotation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which valve is usually NOT magnetic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for the Harmonic Balancer and what does it do? |
|
Definition
| Vibration Damper. Absorbs some of the vibrations in the crankshaft that could cause it to break. |
|
|
Term
| Name the 4 strokes of a 4-Stroke Engine. |
|
Definition
| Intake, Compression, Power, Exhaust |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The movement of a piston from TDC to BDC or vice versa. 180 degrees of Crankshaft rotation. |
|
|
Term
| What causes engine vacuum? |
|
Definition
| The movement of the pistons in the cylinder during the intake stroke. |
|
|
Term
| Atmospheric Pressure @ Sea Level |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does spark occur in the 4-stroke cycle? |
|
Definition
| Just before TDC on the compression stroke when compression causes the air/fuel to be very flammable. |
|
|
Term
| What causes the crankshaft to rotate in it's journals? |
|
Definition
| The movement of the piston during the power stroke. |
|
|
Term
| Which valve is larger, intake or exhaust, and why. |
|
Definition
| Intake. The exhaust valve is under high pressure and opens to relieve pressure in the cylinder, where the intake valve is under lower pressure and the air/fuel mixture takes up more room. |
|
|
Term
| What are the polished bearing surfaces of the crankshaft called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you tell what the main journals are on the crankshaft? |
|
Definition
| They are in line with the centre of the shaft. |
|
|
Term
| What attaches to the flange at the rear of the crankshaft? |
|
Definition
| The flexplate or flywheel. |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the bearing that limits crankshaft end play? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the front of the crankshaft that the crankshaft gear/sprocket and the damper or pulley is installed on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the 3 piston rings and their purposes. |
|
Definition
| The top 2 are compression rings and these are used to prevent blowby during the power stroke. The 3rd ring is the Oil Control Ring and it scrapes excess oil from the cylinder walls. |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for the piston pin and what do we call the area around the pin? |
|
Definition
| Wrist Pin, & the Piston Boss. |
|
|
Term
| What pushes the piston rings against the walls of the cylinder? |
|
Definition
| combustion pressure & to a lesser degree spring pressure |
|
|
Term
| What is piston ring end gap and what is it's purpose? |
|
Definition
| The space between the ends of the piston ring when installed on the cylinder. To allow for expansion during heat as well as create spring pressure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An engine where two metals are used, usually aluminum and iron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| or running mates will be cylinders that are both at TDC or BDC at the same time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Comparison of the volume of the cylinder and combustion chamber at TDC & BDC. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cylinder head where the intake & exhaust valves are across from eachother. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A row of Cylinders, ie. left and right bank in V-8 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a four-stroke cycle that uses compression ignition instead of spark ignition. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The network of wiring, generating, and movement systems that transmit electricity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Using electricity to break down water into hydrogen & oxygen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The order in which the cylinders ignite. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cylinder head design where the valves are directly over the cylinder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cylinder head design where the valves are to the side of the cylinder. The head itself is flat. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Refers to all forms of Nitrogen Oxide that are created by the engine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a system used in hybrids that uses an electric motor/generator to slow down the vehicle and recharge the battery during braking. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The spark is ignited in a smaller chamber which has a richer air-fuel mixture than the main cylinder. The flames from this charge are what ignite the main cylinder instead of the spark itself. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An engine that only has a compression and power stroke. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An engine design without pistons or cylinders. Instead a triangular shaped rotor moves within an elongated engine cavity. Each side of the triangle is a different stroke in the cycle. No valves are needed. |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 ways cylinders can be arranged in block? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the area between the heads on a v-type block? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In the following firing order what are the companion cylinders?
1-8-4-3-6-5-7-2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of engine has a combustion chamber that is flat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When referring to left and right banks of a V-style engine, which end are we looking from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the 3 spots that combustion can occur in terms of fuel 'points'. |
|
Definition
| flashpoint, firepoint, spontaneous combustion |
|
|
Term
| Which is more volatile, gasoline or diesel fuel? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An indicator of power output and fuel consumption of an engine.
∏ x radius squared x stroke length x # of cylinders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rate at which torque is produced. The measurement of work over time.
(Torque x RPM) / 5252 |
|
|
Term
| Name the two types of cooling systems used in engines. |
|
Definition
| Air Cooling & Liquid Cooling |
|
|
Term
| What are the cavities in a liquid cooled engine called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 9 Ways engines are classified |
|
Definition
1. Displacement
2. Strokes per cycle
3. cylinder arrangement
4. # of cylinders
5. fuel type
6. cooling systems
7. valve arrangement
8. camshaft location
9. air induction |
|
|
Term
| Name the most common combustion chamber designs (3) |
|
Definition
| Hemi, Wedge, and Pent-Roof |
|
|
Term
| Which of the 3 combustion chamber designs is a 'non-turbulent' design? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between a pent-roof combustion chamber and a hemi? |
|
Definition
| pent-roof has four-valves per cylinder where hemi has only two |
|
|
Term
| What are common gasoline engine compression ratios? Diesel? |
|
Definition
gasoline: 8:1 - 10:1
diesel: 14:1 - 20:1 or higher |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| British Thermal Units, measurement for heat. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One half of the total piston stroke |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In an engine, cylinder displacement is the volume that the piston displaces in the cylinder as it moves from TDC to BDC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A device used to measure an engine's output |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Measurement of Force x Distance.
Science Units: Joules (newton meters)
Engines: Foot-lb
Imperial Units: Watt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a push, pull, lift.
Science Units: Newtons
Engines: Lbs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Indicated Mean Effective Pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When moving needing to keep moving, or when at rest needing to stay at rest. (Newton's 1st law) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Refers to loss of friction in a vehicle, measured in Horsepower |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| product of a body's mass and speed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cylinder Bore that is larger than its stroke |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A type of simple dynamometer that uses friction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A measurement of the work needed to move air into and out of the engine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The horsepower available at the tires |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A way to determine displacement.
∏r2 x stroke |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How effective an engine is at converting fuel heat energy into work. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cylinder Bore that is smaller than its stroke |
|
|
Term
| Approximately how much change in horsepower does each point of change in compression ratio result in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a typical gasoline engine compression pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| turning or twisting force |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The measurement comparing volume of airflow actually entering the engine with the maximum that theoretically could enter it. |
|
|
Term
| What is an average cylinder bore & engine stroke? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The volume that the piston displaces in the cylinder as it moves from BDC to TDC. |
|
|
Term
| Effective Compression Ratio |
|
Definition
| The compression ratio taking into account when the intake valve closes in the compression stroke. Closing the valve later lowers the effective compression ratio. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the power available with only the water pump and alternator using power |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the maximum power available from the engine when all the accessories are turned on. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the usable horsepower at the crankshaft |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| During high speed driving, the movement of the exhaust gasses leaving the cylinder creates a vacuum that assists with pulling the fuel/air mixture through the intake valve. |
|
|
Term
| Which has more heat energy, Diesel or Gasoline? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is peak cylinder pressure reached. |
|
Definition
| 10 - 20 degrees past TDC during the power stroke. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Means the bearing extends up past the top of the parting line of the bore by .0005"-.0015". Crush promotes heat transfer & prevents bearing spin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The bearing face is slightly larger across the face than the housing. Keeps the bearing in place during assembly. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Refers to the oval shape the piston skirt has when cold. It is oval across the piston boss as this is the area of greatest expansion when the piston heats up. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the piston rings wear out the top half of the cylinder bore where they ride. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the lower side of the engine assembly, includes crankshaft, piston, and piston rod. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vibrations that occur from oscillating and twisting motion. The vibration damper is used to minimize these on the crankshaft. |
|
|
Term
| Name two wears cylinder bores wear. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a cylinder wall is damaged, what is the part that is installed to correct it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which way will the crankshaft rotate when viewed from the flywheel end? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 3 types of piston ring facings. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part usually drives the oil pump driveshaft on a cam-in-block engine? |
|
Definition
| a gear on the camshaft/distributor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a cylinder head with none of the rest of it's installed parts. Ie. valves, retainers & locks, seals, springs and rocker arms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Integral or replaceable insert that guides the valve as it opens and closes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a ridge at the top of the cylinder caused by the movement up and down of the rings on the cylinder. |
|
|
Term
| Name the 2 types of replaceable cylinder sleeves. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Not interchangeable
Line Bored |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| converts the reciprocating up and down motion of the pistons into rotary motion. Located in the crankcase at the bottom of the engine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| support the crankshaft in the crankcase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Crankpins, offset from the centerline of the crankshaft, the connecting rods attach to these. Have oil passages to supply pressurized oil to the connecting rods. |
|
|
Term
| What causes End Thrust on the crankshaft? |
|
Definition
| Pressure in the torque converter or the release spring pressure of the clutch. |
|
|
Term
| 3 Important properties of a bearing |
|
Definition
Embeddability
Conformability
Fatigue Strength |
|
|
Term
| Crankshaft Bearings are (two-piece, one-piece) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are bearing inserts position in the bearing bore? |
|
Definition
| By locating lugs and oil grooves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cam Bearings are (two-piece, one-piece) & are not needed on: |
|
Definition
one-piece (seamed or full round)
OHC aluminum heads |
|
|
Term
| Unlike most of the engine components which are cast-iron or aluminum connecting rods are usually made of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The shape of the connecting rod is referred to as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The piston pin will be offset to the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The side of the piston the receives the most pressure during the power stroke. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The side of the piston that receives the most pressure during the compression stroke. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Flat Head, Cup Head, Hump Head, Dome Head |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A process that has Silicon added to Aluminum within a piston. This process allows them to be made lighter. They also expand less. |
|
|
Term
| Which expands more, cast iron or aluminum? |
|
Definition
| Aluminum (about twice as much) |
|
|
Term
| What are the two piston skirt styles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which piston skirt type experiences more piston slap? |
|
Definition
| Slipper Skirt (short skirt = more slap) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the distance from the center of the pin bore to the flat are at the top of the piston |
|
|
Term
| How are piston pins lubricated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The two types of piston pins to rod connection are? |
|
Definition
pressed fit or full floating
full floating pins require bushings and c-clips or lock rings to keep them in place |
|
|
Term
| List 4 types of piston ring designs. |
|
Definition
| Plain, Taper Face, Barrel Face, Napier |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cast Iron rings with a groove cut in the face where Molybdenum is inserted. These rings are very resistant to scuffing. |
|
|
Term
| Piston rings are made of: |
|
Definition
| Steel, or cast iron with a Moly or Chrome coating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stronger than regular iron and can withstand higher temperatures. Will not snap when twisted like regular cast iron rings. |
|
|
Term
| An engine that uses a single drop of oil with every power stroke would use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| silent shafts, counterweighted balance shafts that are driven by the crankshaft in the opposite direction at twice the crankshaft speed. |
|
|
Term
| Name 3 types of oil pumps |
|
Definition
| External Gear, rotor or Gerotor, and internal gear (crescent) pumps. |
|
|
Term
| In terms of displacement, automotive oil pumps are: |
|
Definition
| Positive displacement pumps, the same amount of oil is pumped out with each rotation. |
|
|
Term
| An oil pump relieves excess pressure with the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What controls the maximum oil pressure of the engine? |
|
Definition
| The tension of the relief valve spring |
|
|
Term
| List the function of the oil pump screen bypass valve. |
|
Definition
| To allow oil to flow into the engine in the event the filter becomes plugged, or during cold start conditions where the oil is too thick to flow easily. |
|
|
Term
| Too much bearing clearance can cause: |
|
Definition
| Low oil pressure at idle and knock. |
|
|
Term
| Satisfactory oil pressure at idle in an engine is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pattern in the piston cylinder that aids with lubrication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the pistons wear away the crosshatch pattern |
|
|
Term
| Line Honing or Line Boring |
|
Definition
| A process for aligning main bore. All main caps are installed and bored out at once. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A condition that occurs when the load on an engine is greater than the rpm's needed to properly pull the load. |
|
|
Term
| What type of threads do oil and heater fitting connections have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a main bearing bore has changed colours what should a tech look for? |
|
Definition
| Cracks in the bore or a burned bearing bore |
|
|
Term
| Before measuring a block that is mounted by its end on a universal engine stand, what should be done? |
|
Definition
| place it on a flat even surface and install a torque plate |
|
|
Term
| What is typical piston-to-cylinder wall clearance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When the main bearing that is farthest from the oil pump shows excessive wear, what is indicated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the engine is revved before oil has had a chance to reach the bearings |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the plastic material that is used for measuring bearing clearance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Besides metal from worn bearings or a failed camshaft, what are two types of foreign material that can find their way into the oil pump? |
|
Definition
| nylon material from nylon timing sprockets, or deteriorated valve guide seals |
|
|
Term
| Clean oil galleries with a |
|
Definition
| Rifle Brush and hot soapy water |
|
|
Term
| After cleaning the block you should immediately |
|
Definition
| lubricate all machined areas to prevent rusting |
|
|
Term
| If an engine has been consuming coolant where should you check after cleaning the block? |
|
Definition
| look for cracks in the cylinder bores |
|
|
Term
| To prevent high pressure from blowing a core plug from it's hole. |
|
Definition
| Cross-stake the outside of the core holes after installation |
|
|
Term
| What is a good angle for crosshatching? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 0.25mm is equal to what in inches? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do you do to a cylinder after it has been bored? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To check a crankshaft for cracks |
|
Definition
| Remove the sprocket and hang the crankshaft from a wire. Then lightly tap the crankshaft counterweights with a hammer. |
|
|
Term
| If a crankshaft is broken you should always check the. |
|
Definition
| Vibration Damper for damage |
|
|
Term
| A crank bearing that is showing much more wear than the others indicates. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The main cause of short bearing life is. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Excessive belt tension may cause excessive wear on the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Externally mounted oil pumps require |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Used when balancing a camshaft to simulate the weight of the pistons. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Done when a rod bearing has burned or if the big end has stretched. |
|
|
Term
| Dynamic and Couple imbalance |
|
Definition
| two types of shaft imbalance that need to be corrected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the space between the ends of the piston rings, or between two things |
|
|
Term
| Force, Static, or Kinetic Imbalance |
|
Definition
| Vibrational imbalances in a shaft |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| scuffing that occurs on both piston skirts next to the piston pin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a vibration that occurs in the engine caused by piston motion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of vibration that causes an engine to rock end to end. Caused by cylinders that fire 180 degrees apart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the piston and cylinder wall weld together at TDC temporarily. Every revolution of the piston will cause them to weld and break apart scuffing the cylinder wall. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the raising of stress on metal when it is damaged, weakening it. |
|
|
Term
| When the compression ring grooves are cleaned, what type of deposit is removed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which oversizes are pistons & rings available? |
|
Definition
| 0.020", 0.030", 0.040", 0.060" |
|
|
Term
| What minimum size should the ring end gap be per inch of cylinder bore? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the bore size is increased by 0.010" how much does the ring gap increase by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the extra weight added when an engine is externally balanced? |
|
Definition
| Vibration Damper, or torque converter flex plate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the clearance between two parts, such as gears |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the main part of the cam without the lobe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the number of degrees of crankshaft rotation that the valve is off of it's seat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| results from the opposing force resisting the oil moving through the oil galleries. This causes the camshaft to push towards the rear of the engine. |
|
|
Term
| Whenever an engine is disassembled these are replaced. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Compression Rings are removed using a: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This part of the piston is the only part that can be cleaned on a wire wheel. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pistons designed for use with low-tension rings have ______ ring grooves. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which ring groove wears the most? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Modern Aluminum pistons cause this to break instead of wear on the ring groove. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Normal ring groove clearance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Replacement pistons weigh the same, less or more than the originals? |
|
Definition
| the same, they musn't offset the balance of the crankshaft by being heavier or lighter |
|
|
Term
| When piston ring wear is due to dirty air getting in. |
|
Definition
| The top ring will show more wear and vertical abrasive lines will be visible. |
|
|
Term
| Pressed fit piston pins are installed using ______ and removed with a ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Wear on opposite sides of the rod bearing indicates. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Crankshaft counterweights that are to heavy can be lightened by: |
|
Definition
| drilling to remove excess metal. |
|
|
Term
| To add weight to a piston. |
|
Definition
| It is added on the wrist pin. |
|
|
Term
| Where should you check first if a customer complains of engine vibration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an engine that is designed to ensure the valves and pistons do not collide if a timing chain breaks. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A valve seat that is part of the head, only on Cast-iron heads. |
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Term
|
Definition
| an engine that is designed so that if a timing chain breaks the piston and valves will collide causing damage. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A rocker arm stud design that uses hydraulic lifters or lash adjusters and does not require valve adjustment. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The distance a valve is opened |
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Term
|
Definition
| The degree of crankshaft rotation where both the intake and the exhaust valves are open. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Meaning there is no space between the lifter and cam lobe. Usually hydraulic lifters. |
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Term
| What two materials are cylinder heads made of? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are the two types of valve guides? |
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Definition
| Integral and replaceable insert. |
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Term
| If a car decelerating on a hill has exhaust smoke, what are two possible causes? |
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Definition
| Leaking valve guides causing burning oil from bellmouth wear and the atomizer effect. Worn Piston Rings could also be a cause. |
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Term
| The term for the reason that a vacuum can happen at the bottom of the exhaust valve guide. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 types of valve guide seals? |
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Definition
| umbrella, positive, o-ring |
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Term
| What is the name of the process that hardens integral valve seats? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What can happen to a valve that has a margin that is too thin? |
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Definition
| It can overheat and burn the valve |
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|
Term
| Why would a spring have inner & outer coils? |
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Definition
| two springs are used when stronger spring tension is required |
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Term
| What are 3 things that the camshaft can drive besides opening the valves? |
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Definition
| Distributor, oil pump, fuel pump |
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Term
| What causes the camshaft to thrust towards the rear of the engine? |
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Definition
| The opposing force from the oil trying to move through the galleries. |
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Term
| An engine without a turbocharger or supercharger is called: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the type of lifter that must be held from turning? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| List 3 ways that a camshaft can be driven. |
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Definition
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Term
| The name for a part that is returned to replace a rebuilt or remachined part is: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| A leaking intake seal can cause: |
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Definition
| Carbon buildup on the valve stem. |
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Term
|
Definition
| When the movement of the exhaust gases past the worn exhaust valve guide pulls oil into the exhaust. |
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Term
| Which valve seal does most engines today utilize? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Most valve seats are ground to: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| High quality valve seat inserts are made of: |
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Definition
| Nickel or Cobalt (Stellite) |
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|
Term
| Most Valve Faces are ground to: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The intake valve is usually _________ than the exhaust valve. |
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Definition
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Term
| What cools the Intake valve, the exhaust Valve? |
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Definition
| cool air coming in from the intake, the valve seat |
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Term
| A misfire that is evident at idle but not at higher engine speeds is caused by. |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you tell if an exhaust valve is burned on an engine running at idle? |
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Definition
| Put a piece of paper over the exhaust pipe, if it is leaking during an intake stroke the paper will be sucked against the pipe. |
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Term
| What holds the valve and spring together? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a common rocker arm ratio? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What controls the opening and closing of the valves? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What determines the number of cam lobes on a cam shaft? |
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Definition
| the number of valves needing to be opened |
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Term
| Engines breathing ability |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do opposed engines have half the cam lobes of a V or In-line? |
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Definition
| the lobes of one cylinder are shared with it's companion cylinder |
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Term
| The oil pump in some cam-in block engines is driven by the: |
|
Definition
| Bottom of the distributor |
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|
Term
| What determines how well an engine breaths at a specific rpm? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the shape of the cam lobe |
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Term
| Supercharged or Turbocharged engines are called: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| When a valve lift reaches this diameter of the port opening it is said to have no benefit if opened further. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| This shape of the lifter, and this shape of the cam lobe worked together to cause a flat tapper lifter to spin. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Roller Camshaft is made from: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Explain how a hydraulic lifter works |
|
Definition
| The body of the lifter is in constant contact with the cam lobe, as the lobe spins the body of the lifter begins to move up and the pushrod pushes against the lifters plunger. This movement will cause the check ball to seat and trap the fluid within the lifter. When this occurs the lifter moves as one and the valve begins to open. |
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Term
| Two types of timing chain designs. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Does a timing belt stretch like a timing chain? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When does the intake valve open? |
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Definition
| Before TDC at the start of the intake stroke. |
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Term
| When does the exhaust valve open? |
|
Definition
| Long before the end of the power stroke |
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|
Term
| What gives high performance engines their distinctive "lope" sound at idle? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Improves low and mid-range torque |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Active Fuel Management/Displacement on Demand |
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Definition
| means of increasing fuel economy by disabling pistons |
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Term
|
Definition
| A way to detect cracks on a cylinder head, usually aluminum heads. Red Dye is applied then wiped off and a developer is sprayed to highlight the cracks. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Refers to the angle difference between the valve seat and valve face that is sometimes used to allow for newly reground seats and valves to wear to eachother. Usually a 1 degree difference. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a way to repair cast iron guides. The inside f the guide is made smaller than s reamed out to fit the valve stem. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the valve tip condition that results when there is too much valve clearance and the valve tip pounds against the lifter |
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Term
|
Definition
| repairing cracks in iron heads using tapered, threaded plugs |
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Term
|
Definition
| an insert used to repair valve guides |
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Term
|
Definition
| Lash, refers to the space between the cam lobe and the cam follower. |
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Term
| Valve Spring Installed Height |
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Definition
| how much space the valve spring takes up when installed |
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Term
|
Definition
| a measurement that reflects how much a valve and valve seat have been ground |
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|
Term
| After removing the valve spring, what measurement is made before removing the valve? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| If 0.20" is removed from a cylinder head, approximately how much will valve timing change? |
|
Definition
| 1 degree of retarded valve timing |
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|
Term
| If a crack in a cast-iron cylinder head is to be repaired with tapered plugs, what is done to both ends of the crack? |
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Definition
| They are drilled to prevent the cracks from spreading |
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Term
| Three things hat a valve spring is checked for are: |
|
Definition
| tension, squareness and height |
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Term
| To correct the installed spring height, a ______ is installed under a valve spring. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| A ______ test can be done after a valve grind to ensure that the seats do not leak. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When these are to be reused on an engine with flat tappets, they must be kept in order. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When a cylinder head is removed to have the valves and seats refinished this is called. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When varnish buildup makes valve retainers stick to the valve locks. |
|
Definition
| strike each spring retainer with a brass hammer prior to using the spring compressor |
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Term
| Aluminum heads always have this beneath the valve springs. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Before removing a mushroomed valve from the guide: |
|
Definition
| dress the tip with a file or whetstone |
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Term
| OHC engines should not be cleaned with this type of blaster. |
|
Definition
| Bead blaster, the beads will get stuck in the oil galleries |
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Term
| Heads should not be warped more than: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| If the camshaft does no turn easily and the machine shop only resurfaces the bottom side of the head: |
|
Definition
| A broken camshaft can result |
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|
Term
| Can warped aluminum heads be straightened? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a way to check for cracks in cast-iron cylinder heads |
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Term
| What happens when water has been entering the combustion chamber from a leaking head gasket? |
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Definition
| There will be no carbon on the surfaces of the combustion chaber |
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Term
| Pressure testing of a Cylinder Head |
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Definition
| Used to check for cracks. All openings are plugged and the head is filled with water or air. If air used soapy water is sprayed over the head or it is submerged in water to check for bubbles. |
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Term
| When a valve seat has worn and is much larger than usual, look for: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the seat width of intake and exhaust valves? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What must be refinished before attempting to refinish valve seats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The head is set upside down in the solvent tank with the valves installed without springs. Solvent is put into the combustion chambers and leaks are watched for. |
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Term
| Before installing seals be sure to: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| With cam-in-block engines, as pushrods, rocker arms, and other valve train parts wear; Lash.... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| As the valve and valve seat wear; Lash.... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| If a flat-tappet cam is replaced, be sure to replace these as well as new ones will rapidly wear out a new cam. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Noisey Hydraulic lifters can be caused by |
|
Definition
| oil pressure issues, dirt lodged in the check valve causing wear |
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Term
| Before installing a new timing belt on the sprockets or a new timing chain |
|
Definition
| position #1 piston at TDC and make sure the timing marks are lined up |
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Term
| After a timing belt is installed you should do this and recheck the timing marks. |
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Definition
| Rotate the crankshaft 2 revolutions |
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Term
|
Definition
| a chemical sealer that needs air to cure (such as RTV) |
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Term
|
Definition
| a chemical sealer or liquid gasket that can cure without air |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Generally made of butyl rubber or eveoprene, used to seal moving parts. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a modern gasket that compresses less than a conventional gasket so the head does not require retorquing |
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Term
|
Definition
| refers to the clamping load on a fastener |
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Term
|
Definition
| a very common type of valve cover gasket material |
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Term
|
Definition
when a bolt is torqued to within 2% of it's yield point.
Provides more consistent clamping force.
Developed for use on aluminum heads. |
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Term
|
Definition
| refers to a method used by manufacturers where a bolt is tightened then turned an extra 35-180 degrees with a torque angle gauge. |
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Term
| Approximately how much of the torque applied to a fastener is used to overcome friction? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the metric torque equivalent of a foot-pound? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How much clamping load on a head gasket is used to seal combustion? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Does the lip of an oil seal face toward or away from the oil in the crankcase? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| When installing half of a rear main lip seal in a block, the parting line is positioned? |
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Definition
| Offset with the parting line of the main cap |
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Term
| What colour is the anaerobic locking adhesive used to assemble parts that are not intended to be disassembled again? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Room Temperature Vulcanization |
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|
Term
| RTV silicone sealant that is used with oxygen sensor systems. |
|
Definition
| Low-Volatile RTV that does not use acetic acid to cure |
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Term
|
Definition
| refers to the bulkhead part of the vehicle |
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Term
|
Definition
| common in older engines, a ridge that forms at the top of the cylinder where the rings to do not travel |
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Term
|
Definition
| used to keep rod bolts from damaging the crankshaft journal on removal. |
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Term
| What could cause a transmission bushing, wheel bearing, or emergency brake cable to burn or fail? |
|
Definition
| a missing or broken ground strap |
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|
Term
| What is the name of the type of automotive refrigerant that depletes the earth's ozone layer? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two belt-driven accessories that can be wired out of the way without disconnecting their hoses. |
|
Definition
| Air Conditioning Compressor and Power Steering Pump |
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Term
| Are engine mounts interchangeable? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Engine stand mounting bolts should be at least ____ times the bolt diameter. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tool can be used to remove a vibration damper that will not need the crankshaft to be held from turning? |
|
Definition
| Impact Wrench, or a vibration damper pulley |
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|
Term
| What are 3 types of torque wrenches? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| A foot-lb torque wrench is not accurate below: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A gasket set that contains everything needed for an engine rebuild. |
|
Definition
| A full set (FS) gasket set |
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|
Term
| The type of head gasket that should not be used with gasket sealers. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When too much metal has been removed from a head's surface, this can be used to compensate. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of the small holes in a cylinder head gasket? |
|
Definition
| to control the flow of oil and coolant in the engine |
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|
Term
| If the bolt holes of the oil pan are bent do this. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most common valve cover gasket materials: |
|
Definition
| rubberized cork, synthetic rubber, and silicone |
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|
Term
| These two valve cover gaskets are used without sealers. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Gaskets that require a sealer. |
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Definition
| Retorquable head gaskets and paper gaskets. |
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Term
| These rules should be followed when reinstalling an exhaust manifold. |
|
Definition
Steel side of the gasket faces toward the manifold.
Torque from inside to outside.
If one hole on the manifold is smaller than the others, this bolt goes in first. |
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|
Term
| When an exhaust manifold bolt breaks what should be checked? |
|
Definition
| The exhaust valve in the port closest to the leak, it is most likely burned. |
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|
Term
| 3 functions of a gasket sealer |
|
Definition
help gaskets seal
hold gaskets in place
substitute for a gasket |
|
|
Term
| RTV silicone should never be used to seal around this as it breaks down the silicone. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Too much silicone sealer can cause: |
|
Definition
| the oil pump pickup screen to be plugged when parts of it break up and fall into the oil |
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|
Term
| Seals used at the front and rear of the crankshaft, or the front of an overhead camshaft. |
|
Definition
| Dynamic Seals, or Chevron Seals |
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|
Term
| Two types of crankshaft rear seals |
|
Definition
| Neoprene lip seal and the Rope Seal |
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|
Term
| What is the first thing that should be done when preparing to remove an engine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Powertrain Control Module |
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|
Term
| These connecting rods should NOT be marked using number stamps, or punches. |
|
Definition
| Powdered Metal Connecting Rods |
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|
Term
| Do this before hot tanking a block |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Crank sprockets are positioned by this on the front of the crankshaft |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a rebuild where the engine is to be used in the same vehicle it was removed from |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| an engine part kit that contains all or most of the parts necessary to completely rebuild an engine |
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Term
|
Definition
| a test done by engine rebuilders where the crankshaft is rotated @ 600rpm while lubrication system has full oil pressure |
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|
Term
| Use this to clean bolt holes in the block before reassembly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pry the crank forward and rearward before torqueing the thrust bearing cap to align the halves of this. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Check crankshaft end play with a: |
|
Definition
| dial indicator or feeler gauge |
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|
Term
| Install these on rod bolts to protect the crank against accidental nicks during piston installation. |
|
Definition
| Rod bolt protectors or rubber hosing |
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|
Term
| The crankshaft should be rotated how many times after installing each piston, and why. |
|
Definition
| 1 turn, to make sure nothing is too tight |
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|
Term
| When installing an OHC make sure the camshaft and piston are correctly ______ so they do not hit eachother. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the block does not have aligning pins what can be used to align the timing cover? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When installing a mechanical fuel pump, this item should be in the down or away position so that the pump arm is not activated. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Apply this before painting to areas where you don't want paint to stick. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tightening down an OHC camshaft sprocket with an impact wrench can result in a broken.... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| End Play Tolerance is usually ... to ... for a crankshaft with a 2" to 2 3/4" main bearing diameter. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a valve in horizontally mounted oil filters that prevents the oil from draining out of the filter when the engine is off. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| American Petroleum Institute, licenses & certifies Oils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the oil film becomes too thin & starts to break down under load |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used in heavy duty applications. Only filter about 10% of oil at a time. Traps very fine particles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Area at the bottom of the engine enclosed by the oil pan |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When and engine is started when cold and it takes a few seconds for oil to reach the crankshaft. Or the engine is revved before the oil has time to reach the crankshaft. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| used in todays passenger cars, All oil in the pump is supposed to flow through the filter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Engine oil that has two viscosity ratings.
One measured at 0F (cold) and one at 212F (hot) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| included in oil additives, a polymer expands when heated allowing the oil to maintain viscosity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the thickness of the oil and it's ability to flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability of oil to resist changes in viscosity when heated |
|
|
Term
| Under normal conditions when is the only time that oil film does not separate engine parts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give two possible problems that can result if the oil level in the crankcase is too high? |
|
Definition
| Oil can be thrown up into the bottom of the piston and overload the oil ring as well as cause aeration in the oil. Excessive exhaust flow & oil consumption. |
|
|
Term
| How is an engine dipstick different from a transmission dipstick? |
|
Definition
| The AT dipstick has direction on it & the add lines have different values (oil is 1 quart, AT is 1 pint) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Society of Automotive Engineers |
|
|
Term
| What causes oil Oxidation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the oil filter part that allows the oil to get to the engine bearings even if the filter is plugged? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If sludge forms in a modern engine, what additive is probably depleted? |
|
Definition
| Oil detergents and dispersants |
|
|
Term
| When figuring the amount of oil to add to the crankcase, add the amount specified plus some extra to compensate for what? |
|
Definition
| Filling of the oil filter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lubricates, cleans, cools, and prevents rust |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pour-Point depressants
Corrosion and rust inhibitors
Antifoam additives
Friction Modifiers
Oxidation inhibitors
Antiwear Additives |
|
|
Term
| Additives added to oil to keep small particle contaminants suspended in the oil. |
|
Definition
| Detergents and Dispersants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a mixture of moisture, oil and contaminants from combustion |
|
|
Term
| Excessive Oil temperatures can be caused by: |
|
Definition
Lean air-fuel mixtures
Retarded ignition timing
using the air conditioner
an AT equipped vehicle pulling a trailer |
|
|
Term
| The ideal cooling temperature for oil is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no, just becomes contaminated and the additives deplete over time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a thermostatic coil in a fan clutch consisting of two metals wound together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| indents in the metal caused by bubbles in the coolant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of two types of radiators, this one is most used. Coolant flows horizontally. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| self-ignition due to excessive pressure in the cylinder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a radiator where coolant flows vertically |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Allows freewheeling of the fan @ cold temperatures & running at hot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| or transmission oil cooler, used to cool the tranny oil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a small heat exchanger in the passenger compartment that provides heat for the cabin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a computer controlled engine is cold and not receiving feedback from the O2 sensor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the air-fuel mixture ignites before the spark occurs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| engine coolant temp sensor, sends the temp of the coolant to the computer/temp gauge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a bypass passage that the coolant uses to keep circulating in the block when the temp is low |
|
|
Term
| Automotive coolant is made of ______ and water |
|
Definition
| Glycol, or ethelene glycol |
|
|
Term
| Cylinder blocks are made of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When electrical current develops between two dissimilar types of metal in the cooling system this is called: |
|
Definition
| Electrolysis, or chemical electrolysis |
|
|
Term
| Name of the coolant additive that protects aluminum: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal operating temperature of an engine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For each pound of pressure on the coolant approximately how much will it's boiling point increase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the small valve in the center of the radiator pressure cap? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This in the thermostat expands to cause it to open. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of pump is the coolant pump |
|
Definition
| Centrifugal Impeller-type |
|
|
Term
| List the two types of glycol based coolant. |
|
Definition
| Ethelene Glycol, Propylene Glycol |
|
|
Term
| What has the best heat carrying capacity and why do we not use it in our engines for cooling. |
|
Definition
| Water, because it rusts components |
|
|
Term
| Why is the cooling system pressurized? |
|
Definition
| Pressurizing increases the boiling point of the coolant and increases the efficiency of the water pump. |
|
|
Term
| What do most rad caps pressurize the system by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Before opening a radiator cap be sure to squeeze this. Why? |
|
Definition
| Top Rad hose, to make sure it collapses, if it does not then the system is still hot and it will boil if the rad cap is removed. |
|
|
Term
| Constant pressure caps have this to make sure the system can build pressure as the coolant starts to expand. |
|
Definition
| a spring-loaded vacuum valve |
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Term
| What determines the maximum pressure of the cooling system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the typical operating temperature of thermostats? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| or combustion leak test is used to check for a leaking head gasket. Done with the engine running. Detects CO (exhaust) gas in the radiator. |
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Term
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Definition
| a way to test coolant strength, compares the weight of the coolant to water |
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Term
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Definition
| when an internal leak fills a cylinder and the engine is turned off. If the cylinder is at BDC and the valves are closed the crankshaft will not be able to turn and will be Hydrolocked. |
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Term
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Definition
| a method of repairing copper/brass radiators |
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Term
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Definition
| when a leaking head gasket or cracked cylinder allows coolant into the crankcase. The oil/coolant mixture plugs oil rings and running seals. The sticky substance can prevent crankshaft turning. |
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Term
| When the bottom of a radiator core feels considerably colder to the touch than it's top. |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of radiator is usually replaced rather than repaired? |
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Definition
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Term
| When measuring the voltage of coolant what is the limit before the system needs to be flushed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the test that compares the density of water and coolant? |
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Definition
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Term
| What removes rust and scale? What neutralizes this? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Ethylene glycol coolant is dangerous to animals because it is |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is there a small home in some thermostats? |
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Definition
| These are check valves to allow air to escape during filling as well as more accurate temperature control |
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Term
| What is the name of the test that uses colored liquid to find exhaust gas in the cooling system? |
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Definition
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Term
| If the water pump bearing or the fan clutch fails what sort of damage can result? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a heat exchanger leaks... |
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Definition
| transmission fluid will go into the rad when the engine is running and coolant will flow into the transmission when the engine is off. |
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Term
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Definition
| measures coolant concentration and gives an indication of the freeze rating of the coolant in degrees |
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Term
| Cooling system pressure test |
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Definition
| performed with the engine off, can be done on a hot or cold engine, used to check for leaks. Pressurize the system to the pressure on the top of the rad cap. After 5 min the pressure on the gauge should be the same, if it has dropped there is a leak. |
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Term
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Definition
| used to align parts, similar to dowels |
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Term
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Definition
| an engine repair involving piston, piston ring and crank bearing replacement |
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Term
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Definition
| a way to prime the lubrication system when removing the distributor is not possible. |
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Term
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Definition
| a piece that connects the steering gear to the wheel. |
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Term
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Definition
| pencil shaped sticks that melt at different temperatures |
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Term
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Definition
| Wide Open Throttle, when the accelerator is to the floor and minimum vacuum is produced |
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Term
| This tool can be used to drive the oil pump when priming the lubrication system. |
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Definition
| A tool made from a distributor shaft with the gear removed |
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Term
| During lubrication system priming, the tool is turned in this direction. |
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Definition
| The same direction that the distributor operates. |
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Term
| When a pushrod engine is first started, ever, it should be run at 1,500 - 2,000 rpm for.... |
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Definition
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Term
| The point where valve clearance is eliminated |
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Definition
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Term
| When fuel boils in a fuel line |
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Definition
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Term
| If you need to replace a head gasket, what work is also probably necessary? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which wood is less likely to break than standard lumber? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| used with fluorescent liquid to check for leaks |
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Term
| Cross-fluid contamination |
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Definition
| when water leaks into the crank-case and mixes with the oil |
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Term
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Definition
| a knocking sound from the engine |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to excessive wear on a cam lobe |
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Term
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Definition
| when too much fuel is in the cylinder and it begins to wash away the oil |
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Term
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Definition
| in the oil pump. This valve allows oil to return to the oil pan when too much pressure is output from the pump. |
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Term
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Definition
| when the starter motor does not crank the engine and the engine cannot be started by hand or turned over manually. |
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Term
| Carbon has build up on the neck area of a valve, or a spark plug has a carbon deposit on only one side. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is one problem that can appear from Worn Rod Bearings, or High Speed Driving. |
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Definition
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Term
| A noise goes away when he spark for one cylinder is cancelled, what could the noise be? |
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Definition
| A worn connecting rod or main bearing |
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Term
| A noise becomes louder when one cylinder is cancelled, what could the noise be? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a common cause of a cracked piston? |
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Definition
| Broken timing chain or incorrect timing causing the valves and piston to collide |
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Term
| When a cylinder is worn excessively oval, what should be looked for? |
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Definition
| Worn or collapsed piston skirts or excessive piston clearance |
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Term
| When an engine is run for a long period with an excessively lean air-fuel mixture, what type of engine damage can result? |
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Definition
| Burned internal parts and detonation |
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Term
| When a piston has no carbon around the edges of the top what condition is suggested? |
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Definition
| Excessive oil consumption past the rings |
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Term
| When the top of a piston is clean of carbon what condition is suggested? |
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Definition
| coolant is leaking into the cylinder |
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Term
| When the top of a piston is covered in carbon deposits that are building up on the head, what condition is suggested? |
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Definition
| Oil is leaking through the intake valve guide |
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Term
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Definition
or leakage test, used to test compression of the cylinders.
Pressure gauge is installed in place of the spark plug, the ignition system is disabled and the throttle is blocked at WOT. Then the engine is cranked to let the cylinder go through 4 compression strokes.
Will help tell the condition of compression rings. |
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Term
| Cylinders with low compression will cause |
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Definition
| have a rough idle but the symptoms will disappear at higher rpm |
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Term
| Wet Engine Compression Test |
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Definition
| Used to pinpoint whether the compression rings are the cause of the low compression in a cylinder. A tablespoon of oil is squirted into a low cylinder. If the compression reading raises to near normal indicates a piston ring issue. |
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Term
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Definition
Used to check for internal air leaks or incorrect valve timing.
Throttle plate is closed all the way and the ventilation system plugged. The PCV hose is blocked and ignition disabled. Then the engine is cranked, the needle on the gauge should stay steady. |
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Term
| Causes a hissing sound from the tailpipe when under load. |
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Definition
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Term
| Dry black suit in the exhaust pipe indicates |
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Definition
| an overly rich air-fuel mixture |
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Term
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Definition
Used to pinpoint combustion chamber leakage. Compressed air is introduced into the cylinder via the spark plughole and leaks are listened for in different places.
Oil Filler, Air Cleaner & Exhaust
Leakage test may also produce bubbles in the radiator or leakage in adjacent cylinders which indicate cracks or head gasket issues. |
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Term
| Leakage Test Advantages over compression test |
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Definition
Can be done on an engine that is removed from a vehicle
A performance camshaft will not affect the results. |
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Term
| Cylinder power balance test |
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Definition
RPM Drop test
Used to compare performance of cylinders
Computer control is in open loop and idle control is disabled. When disabling a spark to a cylinder it should cause an RPM drop. RPM drop between cylinders should be less than 5%. |
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Term
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Definition
Used to locate vacuum, oil, cooling and exhaust leaks.
Vacuum - engine off and throttle closed
Exhaust - takes 2 minutes to fill the exhaust
Coolant and Oil - drain system, Pinch PCV hose |
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Term
| An engine will not start. If there is a hot spark, the next tests are for: |
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Definition
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Term
| A roar is heard through the intake manifold during testing |
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Definition
| the exhaust system is restricted |
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Term
| What appears on the outside of an exhaust pipe at the point of an internal restriction? |
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Definition
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Term
| Vacuum readings will drop approximately: |
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Definition
| 1" for each 1000 ft above sea level |
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Term
| An engine should produce a minimum of ____ inches of vacuum while cranking but most will produce far more. |
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Definition
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Term
| When engine idle rises during a cylinder power balance test, what could be the cause? |
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Definition
| a grounded out spark cylinder, EGR valve is open |
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Term
| During a compression test remove all of these so the starter can crank easily. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the minimum number of compression strokes an engine should crank during a compression test? |
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Definition
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Term
| Engine Mounts should be _____ _____ until all mounts are installed. |
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Definition
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Term
| Black soot on the exhaust pipe indicates: |
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Definition
| an overly rich air-fuel mixture |
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Term
| When there is oil on the engine side of the flywheel or torque converter what is indicated? |
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Definition
| a rear main bearing seal leak |
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Term
| Oil on the transmission side of the torque converter indicates |
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Definition
| a front transmission seal leak |
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Term
| This type of noise in reference to a fan can cause a noise that sounds serious and is hard to pinpoint. |
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Definition
| fan clutch on the coolant pump |
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Term
| Heavy knock after the engine warms up, most pronounced about 1500-2500rpm. Loosening an accessory belt often reduces the intensity of the knock. |
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Definition
| Front Main Bearing Knock. |
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Term
| Clunk when the vehicle leaves a stop sign, more noticeable if the vehicle has a manual transmission. |
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Definition
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Term
| When a spark plug is disabled during a cylinder balance test this knock will diminish or disappear, may be accompanied by low oil pressure at idle. |
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Definition
| Rod Knock, from too much rod bearing clearance |
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Term
| A deep knocking sound from the bottom of the engine. |
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Definition
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Term
| Ticking sound that resembles a valve train noise but comes from the crankcase. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most common of engine noises |
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Definition
| Valve train noises which make a loud ticking sound |
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Term
| Popping noise through the air inlet |
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Definition
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Term
| Smooth idle, but runs rough under acceleration and a popping noise is heard. |
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Definition
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Term
| Rattle or knock that becomes louder when decelerating. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Leaks enclosed within the engine |
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