Term
|
Definition
| Living organisms too small to be seen by the naked eye. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organisms found on and in a person's body that do not cause disease. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disease producing microorganism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pathogen that requires an environment with oxygen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pathogen that can live in an oxygen-free environment. |
|
|
Term
| Name the five main types of pathogens |
|
Definition
| Bacteria, Rickettsia, Virus, Fungus, and Protozoa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Are one-celled organisms. |
|
|
Term
| Name the three types of bacteria |
|
Definition
| Cocci(round shaped), Bacilli(rod shaped), spirilla(spiral shaped) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Are a genus of bacteria known as parasites, which are organisms that must live inside another living organism to survive. (Spreads to humans via vectors.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is a disease carrier that transmits a disease from an infected person to a noninfected person, such as ticks, mites, and lice. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pathogen that can grow and reproduce only after infecting a host cell. (More than 400 types) They are the smallest pathogen. |
|
|
Term
| Why are viruses difficult to treat? |
|
Definition
| The protein in their outer cell membrane prevents antibiotics from affecting them. |
|
|
Term
| What kind of diseases do viruses cause? |
|
Definition
| The common cold, hepatitis, chicken pox, and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Single-celled organisms, such as yeast, or multicellular colonies, such as mold and mushrooms. (Most fungi do not cause disease and are present in the body's normal flora. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disease causing microorganisms that live mainly in soil. Spread through the fecal-oral route. |
|
|
Term
| What is the chain of infection? |
|
Definition
| A series of steps that must occur for disease to spread. All of the links in the chain must be active. |
|
|
Term
| What are the six links in the chain of infection? |
|
Definition
1-Pathogenic microorganisms
2-Reservoir host
3-Means of exit
4-Mode of transmission
5-Means of entry
6-Susceptible host |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| First link in the chain of infection, thrives in warm, moist environments. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pathogen that is present in the blood, and can be transmitted through blood or body fluids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Usually harmless but become pathogenic under specific circumstances, such as exposure to an immunocompromised host. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organism from which pathogenic organisms such as bacteria or viruses obtain their nourishment. (considered contagious) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any opening of the body that is lined with mucous membranes. Such as eyes, nose, mouth, throat, vagina, and rectum. |
|
|
Term
| What might be another site of exit? |
|
Definition
| Interuption in the normal protective structures of the body, such as injury or surgery to the skin and underlying tissues. Pathogens can also exit from the body via blood and other body fluids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A pathogen can be transmitted to another person by direct contact or indirect contact. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Skin to skin contact, such as hand shaking,kissing, or the exchange of body fluids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pathogens trasmitted by contact with inanimate objects called fomites. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Virtually any object can be a fomite such as, coutertops, hairbrushes, combs, door knobs, drink containers, handles of shopping carts, and pencils. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A form of indirect contact, occurs when an infected individual sprays pathogens into the air via coughing, sneezing... |
|
|
Term
| Name three diseases that are transmitted by air |
|
Definition
| Tuberculosis, Measle, and Varicella virus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pathogens gain entry in much the same way as they exit, usually via contact with mucous membranes, or a break in the skin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If a host is susceptible pathogens will grow and multiply, eventually reaching an infectious level. There are a number of conditions that increase host susceptibility and most contribute to a weakened immune system. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of infection? |
|
Definition
| Acute, Chronic, and Latent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Typically have a quick onset and short duration. Example of an acute infection is a common cold. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lasts for a long time, Sometimes years even a lifetime. Patients may be asymptomatic, or symptoms may fluctuate. An example of a chronic infection is Hepatitis C. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patients experience alternating periods of being symptom-free. The infecting organism never leaves the body but lies dormant between relapses. An example of a latent infection is Herpes virus. |
|
|
Term
| What does the stages of disease include? |
|
Definition
| Incubation, Prodromal, Acute, Declining, and Convalescent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sometimes called the latent period, is the beginning stage of an infectious disease and starts at first contact with the pathogen. May be asymptomatic, commonly considered contagious. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Marks the interval between the earliest symptoms and the appearance of a rash or elevated temperature. May be contagious. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Symptoms peak, and the patient feels worst. Continues to be contagious. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is charicterized by a continuation of the disease but a lessoning of the symptoms. May be contagious. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Recovery period begins when symptoms disappear and continues until patient returns to a normal state of health. Not contagious. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three main types of defense mechanisms? |
|
Definition
| Mechanical, Chemical, and Cellular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Includes certain structures and functions of the body that protect it from pathogens. Such as skin protecting the body from the external environment. |
|
|
Term
| What is the body's first line of defense? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chemical barriers that help protect the body from pathogens. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Various cells that act to protect the body from pathogens. |
|
|
Term
| What are some cellular defenses? |
|
Definition
| Inflammatory response, cell-mediated immunity, and antibody-mediated immunity. |
|
|
Term
| The inflammatory response is designed to do what? |
|
Definition
| It is the body's immediate immunological defense against injury, infection, or allergy. |
|
|
Term
| What three chemicals are released that cause inflammation? |
|
Definition
| Histamine, Prostaglandins, and Kinin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Process in which specialized white blood cells (phagocytes) engulf and destroy microorganisms, foreign antigens, and cellular debris. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protection from infectious disease. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Develops when the body is exposed to a pathogenic microorganism. Antigens enter the body by natural means. The body's immune system responds by producing antibodies. |
|
|
Term
| Active Artificial Immunity |
|
Definition
| Develops when an antigen is purposely introduced into a person's body in the form of a vaccine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Develops when already formed antibodies are passed from mother to fetus across the placenta during pregnancy, or her infant through breast milk. |
|
|
Term
| Passive Artificial Immunity |
|
Definition
| Develops when preformed antibodes are developed in an animal or in another human and are then injected into an individual who has experienced a known exposure. |
|
|
Term
| What two oganiazations play an important role in the safety guidelines and regulations in medical offices? |
|
Definition
| Center for Disease Control and prevention and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Center for Disease Control |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Revised guidlines provided by the CDC that advise health care providers about the handling of any blood or body fluids. |
|
|
Term
| What is a nosocomial infection? |
|
Definition
| An infection a person aquires in a hospital or medical office. |
|
|
Term
| What is the main goal of OSHA? |
|
Definition
| To ensure safe, healthy working conditions for Americans. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Personal Protective Equipment |
|
|
Term
| What does common PPE include? |
|
Definition
| Gloves, masks, eye protection, shoe covers, and gowns. |
|
|
Term
| When should PPE be replaced? |
|
Definition
| When it becomes contaminated or damaged. |
|
|
Term
| What is required to have the biohazard label? |
|
Definition
| Containers that hold blood or body fluids. |
|
|
Term
| What should an employee do if they are exposed to a bloodborne pathogen? |
|
Definition
| They must wash or flush the exposed area and then report the incident to their employer right away. They must document the incident. |
|
|
Term
| How should a medical assistant handle a biohazard spill? |
|
Definition
| First they should apply proper PPE. Next contain the spill with paper towels, then cover the entire spill with a 10% bleach solution, and let stand for 20 minutes. They must use a mechanical device not theirs hands to clean the spill. Then place all items in a biohazard container and repeat the bleach application process. The incident must be documented. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Removal of microoganisms using chemicals, heat, or ionizing radiation. Sanatize before disinfection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Typically involves the application of a substance to equipment, surfaces, or other items to kill pathogenic microorganisms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Destroys the tough pathogens (spores), using chemicals, ionizing radiation, dry heat, gas, or steam. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Practice of maintaining an environment free from pathogens. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three levels involved in asepsis? |
|
Definition
| Sanitization, Disinfection, and Sterilization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Material Safety Data Sheet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bacterial or fungal cells that are resistant to temperature extremes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Device that sterilizes items using steam pressure at a temperature of 250 to 270 degrees F |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When instruments are sterilized with chemicals because they can not withstand the high temperature of the autoclave. |
|
|
Term
| Name the two different types of asepsis |
|
Definition
| Medical Asepsis and Surgical Asepsis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Refers to the destruction of pathogenic organisms after they leave the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The practice of destroying all pathogenic organisms before they enter the body. |
|
|
