Term
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Definition
| System of organs for acquiring and processing food. |
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Term
| Components of a healthy, nutritional Diet |
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Definition
1. Source of Chemical energy
2. Building blocks to make complex organic compounds
3.Other essential nutrients and materials that we cannot synthesize on our own. |
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Term
| Essential Amino Acids from Corn and other grains |
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Definition
| Methionine, Valine, Threonine, Phenylalanine, Leucine, Isoleucine |
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Term
| Essential Amino Acids from Beans and other legumes |
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Definition
| Valine, Threonine, Phenylalanine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Typtophan, Lysine |
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Term
| How are proteins we eat used? |
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Definition
| Sources of amino acids and energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organic compounds we need but cannot synthesize on our own. |
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Term
| What are the four stages of the digestive system? |
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Definition
| Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, and Elimination. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
*teeth for mechanical digestion
*saliva for chemical digestion |
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Term
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Definition
| amylase, mucin, buffers, antibacterial agents(such as lysozyme) |
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Term
| From the mouth, where does the partially digested food go? |
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Definition
| the bolus enters the throat region aka the pharynx |
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Term
| The pharynx leads to two seperate passageways... |
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Definition
*trachea-to the lungs
*esophogus-to stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| a flap of cartilage that is a gatekeeper for the trachea and esophogus. |
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Term
| How does the bolus move through the esophagus? |
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Definition
| perstalisis-rythmic contractions of the muscles |
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Term
| What goes on in the stomach? |
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Definition
| some nutrient absorption, but mostly digestion. |
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Term
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Definition
| movement into and out of the stomach is controlled by these muscular valves |
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Term
| What acids are in the stomach? |
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Definition
| HCl and pepsin (a protease) -pH of stomach juices is 2 (very acidic) |
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Term
| What is the first type of cell type in the gastric glands of the stomach? |
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Definition
| Mucus cells secrete mucus (protective lubricant) |
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Term
| What is the second cell type in the gastic glands of the stomach? |
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Definition
| parietal cells secrete H+ and and Cl- ions (active transport and facilitated diffusion). HCl formed from these components in the stomach. |
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Term
| What is the third cell type in the gastric glands of the stomach? |
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Definition
| Cheif cells secrete pepsinogen which converted to pepsin by acid in the stomach. |
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Term
| Where does most of the digestion occur? |
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Definition
| The small intestine (nutrient absorption still takes place). |
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Term
| How long is the small intestine? |
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Definition
| 6 meters worth of tubing. |
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Term
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Definition
| bicarbonate, proteases, amylase, nucleases. |
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Term
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Definition
| store and concentrate bile made by liver |
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Term
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Definition
| Bile for emulsifying lipids. Liver also important for detox and for destroying defective red blood cells. |
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Term
| Small intestine- The folding of the inner lining into ________, and that surface into ___________, which results in _______________ m^2 of surface area to facilitate the absorption. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| absorption of water during digestion |
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Term
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Definition
| Storage of waste until it is eliminated through the anus |
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Term
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Definition
| In herbivores, houses bacteria that digest cellulose in plant cell wa;ls. |
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