Term
| RNA is a __________________ molecule. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 different structures of RNA? |
|
Definition
| Hairpin, Bulges, Internal Loops, and Pseudoknots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reads codons in mRNA and transfer amino acids to growing polypeptide chains during protein synthesis. |
|
|
Term
| Catalytic RNA (Ribozymes) |
|
Definition
| Catalyze biochemical reactions in manner similar to protein enzymes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Structural components of RNA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Information in its nucleotide sequence that codes for a specific protein product. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Process of sunthesizing a strand of RNA that is complementary to one of the two strands of DNA. |
|
|
Term
| RNA Polymerase binds to the ____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Specific DNA sequence that seperates the DNA strands and sunthesizes a complementary strand of RNA. |
|
|
Term
| ____________ replaces ____________ in RNA. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The stretch of DNA that is transcribed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In Eukaryotes, the transcription unit is _____________ and the RNA will code for _____________ polypeptide chain. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the direction of transcription? |
|
Definition
| Downstream; 5 prime to 3 prime. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An extensive set of accessory proteins that eukaryotes use that interact with the promoter and RNA polymerase to regulate transcription. |
|
|
Term
| What only have 1 RNA polymerase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In bacteria, this sequence ends the transcription process. |
|
|
Term
| When does transcription stop? |
|
Definition
| When transcription machinery reaches the end of a gene. |
|
|
Term
| In bacterial cells, what happens after mRNA transcription? |
|
Definition
| It is ready to be translated, no further modifications are needed. |
|
|
Term
| In Eukaryotes, what happens after mRNA is created? |
|
Definition
| Enzymes in the eukaryotic nucleus modify pre-mRNAs before they are transported to the cytoplasm where they are translated. |
|
|
Term
| Where do transcription and mRNA processing take place in Eukaryotes? |
|
Definition
| In the eukaryotic nucleus then translation takes place in the cytoplasm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mRNA processing modifications |
|
Definition
1. addition of cap to the 5' end
2. addition of Poly A tail to 3' end
3. removal of internal sequences called introns (RNA splicing) |
|
|
Term
| Where is the guanosine cap methylated at? |
|
Definition
| The 7th position of the purine ring. |
|
|
Term
| What does the Poly A tail do for the mRNA? |
|
Definition
| Portects the mRNA from degradation from the 3 end and used to help regulate mRNA stability. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is RNA splicing carried out by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are spliceosomes made of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small uracil-rich RNA and a unique set of 5-8 proteins. |
|
|
Term
| Which snRNPs are involved in RNA splicing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alternative mRNA Splicing |
|
Definition
| Some genes can encode more than one kind of polypeptide; it depends which segments are treated as exons during mRNA splicing patterns. |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 types of alternative mRNA splicing? |
|
Definition
1. exon skipping/inclusion
2. alternative 3' splice sites
3. alternative 5' splice sites
4. mutually exclusive exons |
|
|
Term
| The number of different proteins an organism can produce is _________________________________. |
|
Definition
| much greater than its number of genes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Before it was sequenced, estimates of how many genes were in the range of 100,000 or more. The project resulted in identification of only 20,000 genes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the removal of introns and splicing together of remaining exons |
|
|
