Term
| the origin of the sternocleidomastoid |
|
Definition
| manubrium and medial third of clavicle |
|
|
Term
| the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid |
|
Definition
| mastoid process of temporal bone |
|
|
Term
| action of the sternocleidomastoid |
|
Definition
flex neck
extend head (a-o joint)
lateral flex to same side
rotate head to opposite side
elevation of clavicle and manubrium |
|
|
Term
| innervation of sternocleidomastoid |
|
Definition
| spinal accessory and second cervical |
|
|
Term
| name the infrahyoid muscles |
|
Definition
sternohyoid
omohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| posterior surface of the manubrium and medial portion of clavicle |
|
|
Term
| insertion of the sternohyoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| innervation of sternohyoid |
|
Definition
| ansa cervicalis of C1 to C3 cervical nerve segments |
|
|
Term
| origin and insertion of omohyoid |
|
Definition
superior margin of scapula
body of hyoid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ansa cervicalis of C1 to C3 cervical nerve segments |
|
|
Term
| origin and insertion of sternothyroid |
|
Definition
posterior surface of the manubrium
side of the thyroid cartilage |
|
|
Term
| action of the sternothyroid |
|
Definition
depress larynx
depress hyoid bone |
|
|
Term
| innervation of the sternothyroid |
|
Definition
| ansa cervicalis of C1 to C3 cervical nerve segments |
|
|
Term
| origin and insertion of thyrohyoid |
|
Definition
oblique line on thyroid cartilage
body and greater horn of the hyoid bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
depress hyoid
elevate larynx |
|
|
Term
| innervation of the thyrohyoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in general what action do the infrahyoid muscles do |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the infrahyoid muscle that does not have the innervation of the others (ansa cervicalis of C1 to C3 cervical nerve segments) |
|
Definition
| thyrohyoid (1st cervical nerve) |
|
|
Term
| name the suprahyoid muscles |
|
Definition
digastric
mylohyoid
stylohyoid |
|
|
Term
| origin and insertion of the digastric |
|
Definition
inferior border of mandible (anterior portion) and the mastoid groove (posterior portion)
hyoid bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
depress mandible
elevate hyoid bone |
|
|
Term
| innervation of the digastric |
|
Definition
| (anterior portion of mandibular branch of trigeminal) Cranial Nerve V; (posterior portion by facial nerve) Cranial Nerve VII |
|
|
Term
| origin and insertion of the mylohyoid |
|
Definition
inferior border of mandible
body of hyoid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
elevate floor of mouth and tongue (swallowing and speech)
depress mandible
elevate hyoid bone |
|
|
Term
| innervation of the mylohyoid |
|
Definition
| (mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve) Cranial Nerve V |
|
|
Term
| Origin and insertion of the stylohyoid |
|
Definition
styloid process of temporal bone
hyoid bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
elevated hyoid
retracts hyoid |
|
|
Term
| innervation of the stylohyoid |
|
Definition
| facial nerve (Cranial Nerve VII) |
|
|
Term
| what is one thing that all suprahyoid muscles can do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is another name for the Facial nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the innervation of all muscles of facial expressions? |
|
Definition
| Facial nerve (Cranial nerve VII) |
|
|
Term
| name the muscles of facial expressions |
|
Definition
frontalis
procerus
occipitalis
orbicularic oculi
orbicularis oris
zygomaticus major
zygomaticus minor
risorius
depressor anguli oris
depressor labii inferioris
buccinator
nasalis (transverse and alar)
platysma |
|
|
Term
| what is the action of the frontalis |
|
Definition
wrinkle forehead
elevates eyebrows |
|
|
Term
| what is the action of procerus |
|
Definition
| draws eyebrows together when frowning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| action of orbicularis oculi |
|
Definition
close eyelid
aid in excretion of tears |
|
|
Term
| action of orbicularis oris |
|
Definition
purses the lips
close/protrude lips |
|
|
Term
| action of zygomaticus major |
|
Definition
smile
elevates and draws angle of mouth laterally |
|
|
Term
| action of zygomaticus minor |
|
Definition
| elevates and everts upper lip (sneer) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| retracts angle of mouth (fake smile) |
|
|
Term
| action of depressor anguli oris |
|
Definition
| pull corners down for frowning |
|
|
Term
| action of depressor labii inferioris |
|
Definition
| draws lower lip downward and laterally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
compresses cheeks
used in whistling and blowing
aids in mastication |
|
|
Term
| action of transverse nasalis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
depresses mandible
tenses skin of inferior face and neck
expression of fear/stress |
|
|
Term
| Name the muscles of mastication |
|
Definition
temporalis
masseter
medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid |
|
|
Term
| what is another way to say Trigeminal Nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the innervation for all of the muscles of mastication |
|
Definition
| trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V -mandibular branch) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
elevate mandible
clinch teeth
retract mandible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
elevate mandible
clinch teeth forcefully
protract mandible |
|
|
Term
| action of the medial pterygoid |
|
Definition
protract an elevate mandible
lateral displacement (grinding motion) |
|
|
Term
| action of the lateral pterygoid |
|
Definition
protract mandible
lateral displacement (grinding motion) |
|
|
Term
| what is the only mastication muscle that does not elevate the mandible |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the two mastication muscles that help grind teeth |
|
Definition
| medial and lateral pterygoid |
|
|
Term
| name the thoracic wall muscles |
|
Definition
external intercostals (11 pair)
internal intercostals (11 pair)
transverus thoracis
subcostals |
|
|
Term
| origin and insertion of external intercostals |
|
Definition
inferior border of adjacent superior rib (passes obliquely infrasternally)
superior border of adjacent inferior rib |
|
|
Term
| action of the external intercostals |
|
Definition
fixate or compress intercostal space
movement during respiration
elevates during forced inspiration |
|
|
Term
| innervation of external intercostals |
|
Definition
| intercostal nerves within the region |
|
|
Term
| what are not found in the interchondral spaces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| origin and insertion on internal intercostals |
|
Definition
superior border of adjacent inferior rib (passes obliquely suprasternaly)
inferior border of adjacent superior rib |
|
|
Term
| action of internal intercostals |
|
Definition
fix or compress intercostal spaces
depress in expiration |
|
|
Term
| innervation of internal intercostals |
|
Definition
| intercostal nerves within the region |
|
|
Term
| on the internal intercostals, what portion is exposed anterior/externally due to the lack of external intercostal muscle in the area |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| origin and insertion of the transversus thoracis |
|
Definition
internal surfaces of body of sternum, xiphoid process, and costal cartilages or ribs 4-6
lower border and internal surface of ribs 2-6 |
|
|
Term
| action of transversus thoracis |
|
Definition
depresses ribs 2-6 during forced expiration
proprioceptive ability |
|
|
Term
| innervation of the transversus thoracis |
|
Definition
| upper 6 intercostal nerves |
|
|
Term
| origin and insertion of the subcostals |
|
Definition
internal surface near inferior border of rib near its angle
superior border near angle of rib, 1-3 ribs below the origin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
compress the intercostal space or depresses ribs
aiding in forced expiration |
|
|
Term
| innervation of the subcostals |
|
Definition
| muscular branches of intercostal nerves within region |
|
|
Term
| where are the subcostals more concentrated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do all of the thoracic wall muscles do |
|
Definition
| depress ribs or compress intercostal space |
|
|
Term
| which of the thoracic wall muscles does not help with forced expiration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| origin and insertion of diaphragm |
|
Definition
xiphoid process costal cartilages or last 6 ribs and lumbar vertebrae 1-3
central tendon of diaphragm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lowers ribcage for inspiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phrenic nerve (from cervical plexus) |
|
|
Term
| origin and insertion of serratus posterior superior |
|
Definition
ligamentum nuchae, the last cervical spine and thoracic spines 1-3
superior border of ribs 2-5 just past angle |
|
|
Term
| action of serratus posterior superior |
|
Definition
| elevate stabilize ribs 2-5 |
|
|
Term
| innervation of serratus posterior superior |
|
Definition
| ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves 1-3 |
|
|
Term
| origin and insertion of serratus posterior inferior |
|
Definition
last 2 thoracic and first 2 lumbar spines
inferior border of lower four ribs |
|
|
Term
| action of serratus posterior inferior |
|
Definition
| depress and stabilize ribs 9-12 |
|
|
Term
| innervation of serratus posterior inferior |
|
Definition
| ventral rami of last four thoracic spinal nerves |
|
|
Term
| origin and insertion of scalenus anterior |
|
Definition
anterior tubercles of the cervical vertebrae
scalene tubercle and ridge on superior surface of the 1st rib |
|
|
Term
| action of scalenes anterior |
|
Definition
elevate fix 1st rib
lateral flexion of c3-c6
flex vertebrae c3-c6 |
|
|
Term
| innervation of scalenes anterior |
|
Definition
| cervical spinal nerves 4-6 |
|
|
Term
| origin and insertion of scalenus medius |
|
Definition
posterior tubercles of the transverse processi of the 2nd and 7th cervical vertebrae
superior surface of the 1st rib |
|
|
Term
| action of scalenus medius |
|
Definition
elevate fix first rib
lateral flexion of c2-c7 |
|
|
Term
| innervation of scalenus medius |
|
Definition
| all cervical spinal nerves |
|
|
Term
| origin and insertion of scalenus posterior |
|
Definition
posterior tubercles of the transverse processi of the 4th-6th cervical vertebrae
superior surface of the 2nd rib |
|
|
Term
| action of scalenus posterior |
|
Definition
elevate fix 2nd rib
lateral flexion of vertebrae c4-c6 |
|
|
Term
| innervation of scalenus posterior |
|
Definition
| cervical spinal nerves 7-8 |
|
|
Term
| origin and insertion of levatores costarum |
|
Definition
tips of transverse processi (c7-T11)
rib below transverse process between tubercle and angle of rib on external surface/superior border |
|
|
Term
| action of levatores costarum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| innervation of levatores costarum |
|
Definition
| thoracic spinal nerves in the area |
|
|
Term
| 10 muscles involved in respiration |
|
Definition
1. diaphragm
2. intercostals
3. scalenes
4. quadratus lumborum
5. serratus posterior inferior
6. serratus posterior superior
7. levatores costarum
8. sternocleidomastoideus
9. abdominal muscles
10. latissimus dorsi |
|
|
Term
| what muscles of respiration stabilize ribs |
|
Definition
serratus posterior superior
serratus posterior inferior |
|
|
Term
| which muscles of respiration elevate rib 1 |
|
Definition
scalenus anterior
scalenus medius
levatores costarum |
|
|
Term
| which muscles of respiration elevate the 2nd rib |
|
Definition
serratus posterior superior
scalenus posterior
levatores costarum |
|
|
Term
| what muscles of respiration lateral flex some of the cervical vertibrae |
|
Definition
scalenus anterior
scalenus medius
scalenus posterior |
|
|
Term
| name the muscles of abdominal region muscles |
|
Definition
external abdominal oblique
internal abdominal oblique
transverse abdominis
rectus abdominis
rectus sheath
arcuate line
quadratus lumborum
psoas major
iliacus
psoas minor
pyamidalis |
|
|
Term
| origin and insertion of external abdominal oblique |
|
Definition
slip from external surface of lower 8 ribs (ribs 5-12)
aponeurosis to linea alba, the xiphoid process, anterior iliac crest and pubic tubercle |
|
|
Term
| action of external abdominal oblique |
|
Definition
rotate torso to opposite side
abduct (L.F.) torso to same side
bilateral activation
flex torso
compress abdomen
support viscera |
|
|
Term
| innervation of external abdominal oblique |
|
Definition
lower 6 thoracic spinal nerves
iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves |
|
|
Term
| origin and insertion of internal abdominal oblique |
|
Definition
lateral 2/3 rds. of inguinal ligament.
Anterior 2/3 rds of iliac crest.
lumbar aponeurosis (of thoracolumbar fascia)
lower border of ribs 10-12 with aponeurosis of linea alba. pectineal line of pubis |
|
|
Term
| action of internal abdominal oblique |
|
Definition
abduct (L.F.) torso to same side
bilateral activation
flex torso
compress abdomen
support viscera |
|
|
Term
| innervation of internal abdominal oblique |
|
Definition
lower 6 thoracic spinal nerves.
iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves |
|
|
Term
| origin and insertion of transverse abdominis |
|
Definition
laterals 1/3 rd. of inguinal ligament. Inner lip of iliac crest. thoracolumbar fascia. Cartilages of lower ribs (7-12).
through aponeurosis to linea alba. pectineal line of pubis |
|
|
Term
| action of transverse abdominalis |
|
Definition
compress abdomen during forced expiration
support viscera |
|
|
Term
| innervation of transverse abdominis |
|
Definition
| lower 6 thoracic spinal nerves. Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves |
|
|
Term
| origin and insertion of rectus abdominis |
|
Definition
pubic tubercle and superior pubic ligament
cartilages of ribs 5-7 xiphoid process |
|
|
Term
| action of rectus abdominis |
|
Definition
flex vertebral column
flex pelvis (posterior tilting)=antilordosis
compress abdomen during forced expiration
support viscera |
|
|
Term
| innervation of rectus abdominis |
|
Definition
| lower 6 thoracic spinal nerves |
|
|
Term
| formed by the aponeuroses of the lateral abdominal muscles, converges to form the linea alba. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| transitional line of which the rectus sheath changes orientation from being anterior and posterior to the rectus abdominis (superiorly) to being only anterior to the rectus abdominis (inferiorly). found 1-2 inches below umnilicus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| origin and insertion or quadratus lumborum |
|
Definition
iliolumbar ligaments (transverse process of L5 to ilium). Posterior iliac crest
lower border of the 12th rib. tips of transverse process first four lumbar vertebrae |
|
|
Term
| action of quadratus lumborum |
|
Definition
extends and laterally flexs vertebral column
stabilizes 12th rib
assists in forced respiration |
|
|
Term
| innervation of quadratus lumborum |
|
Definition
| subcostal (T12 S.N.) and lumbar spinal nerves 1-4 |
|
|
Term
| origin and insertion of psoas major |
|
Definition
transverse process, sides of bodies and fibrocartilaginous discs of vertebrae T12-L5
lesser trochanter of femur with iliacus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
flex femur
flex vertebral column and hip with thigh is fixed
lateral rotation of femur when thigh is flexed |
|
|
Term
| innervation of psoas major |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| origin and insertion of iliacus |
|
Definition
upper iliac fossa. iliac crest. anterior sacroiliac ligament. base of sacrum
lesser trochanter of femur (with psoas major) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
flex femur
anterior pelvic tilt
lateral rotation of femur when thigh is flexed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| femoral nerve (L2-L4 S.N.) |
|
|
Term
| origin and insertion of psoas minor |
|
Definition
vertebral margins of vertebrae t12 and L1
pectineal line of pubic bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| innervation of psoas minor |
|
Definition
| lumbar spinal nerve 1(possibly lumbar spinal nerve 2) |
|
|
Term
| origin and insertion of pyramidalis |
|
Definition
pubis and superior pubic ligament
linea alba between umbilicus and pubis symphysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| innervation of pyramidalis |
|
Definition
| subcostal nerve from spinal nerve T12 |
|
|
Term
| which of the abdominal muscles flex the thigh |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the abdominal muscles compress abdomen, and support viscera |
|
Definition
external abdominal oblique
internal abdominal oblique
transverse abdominis
rectus abdominis |
|
|
Term
| how does inspiration occur |
|
Definition
| due to increased capacity of the thoracic cavity |
|
|
Term
| what are the 5 steps of inspiration |
|
Definition
1. respiratory muscles contract
2. decreased intrapleural pressure
3. expansion of lungs
4. decrease in intrapulmonary pressure (below atmospheric)
5. air pushed in by atmospheric pressure (equalization of pressure) |
|
|
Term
| why does expiration occur |
|
Definition
| due to a decreased capacity of the thoracic cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. respiratory muscles relax
2. increased intrapleural pressure
3. elastic recoil of the lungs
4. increased intrapulmonary pressure (above atmospheric)
5. air pushed out by suprahyoid pressure |
|
|
Term
| movements of the ribs during respiration alter what |
|
Definition
| transverse and A-P dimensions |
|
|
Term
| movement of the diaphragm most significantly influence what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the primary inspiratory muscles |
|
Definition
scalenes
external intercostals and
diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| what plays the major rold in respiration at all intensities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the diaphragm do in quiet respiration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the bulk of ventilation in the diaphragm in quiet respiration |
|
Definition
| greater in the lower poles rather than in the upper, the upper chest does not move to any great extent |
|
|
Term
| what do the external intercostal muscles do in quiet inspiration |
|
Definition
of the upper 6 spaces-they are tonic and show minimal contraction.
shafts of the lower (7-10) or vertebrochondral ribs are elevated by their external intercostal muscles resulting in considerable increase in transverse diameter |
|
|
Term
| what do the scalenes do in quiet inspiration |
|
Definition
| the anterior and middle scalenes fix the first two ribs |
|
|
Term
| what happens in quiet expiration |
|
Definition
1. the inspiratory muscles relax
2. the lungs elastically recoil
3. gravity aids in lowering the thoracic cage
4. abdominal pressure raises the diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| what do the scalene muscles do in deep inspiration |
|
Definition
| elevate the 1st and 2nd ribs with the assisstance of the serratus posterior muscles |
|
|
Term
| what do the intercostal muscles do in deep inspiration |
|
Definition
| the external intercostals elevate the 3rd through 6th ribs assissted by the levator costarum. |
|
|
Term
| what does the elevation of ribs 3rd through 6th result in, during deep respiration |
|
Definition
1. increase in A-P direction.
2. Increase in transverse direction-bucket handle effect |
|
|
Term
what does increase in A-P direction mean
during deep respiration |
|
Definition
1. anterior ends of the ribs are lower than the posterior and most anterior and superior
2. interchondral portion of internal intercostals may elevate ribs 6-8
3. also results in forward and upward movement of the body of the sternum at the angle. this moves the ribs upward and laterally as well |
|
|
Term
| what does increase in transverse direction mean during deep respiration |
|
Definition
1. when the shaft is elevated, relative to its ends, it also is carries outward
2. each superior rib forms a smaller segment of a curve that the rib below. In essence when one of the upper ribs is elevated, its anterior end is carried forward as well as upward and its lateral margin is carried outward
3. the vertebrocostal ribs (2-4) are elevated as in quiet respiration |
|
|
Term
| what does the diaphragm do in deep inspiration |
|
Definition
1. there is a more forceful contraction of the diaphragm while the 12th rib is depressed and fixed by the quadratus lumborum muscle
2. the serratus posterior inferior muscle checks the upward movement of the last 3 or 4 ribs. |
|
|
Term
| what happens in deep expiration? |
|
Definition
1. the inspiratory muscles relax
2. the lungs elastically recoil
3. gravity aids in lowering the thoracic cage
4. abdominal pressure raises the diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| what happens during forced inspiration |
|
Definition
1. same as in deep breathing, yet muscle are even more active
2. the sternocleidomastoid muscle further elevated the upper ribs and manubrium
3. the deep back muscles achieve extension of the vertebral column
4. the shoulder girdle is fixed. therefore muscles that pass from trunk to the bones of the shoulder girdle may act on the thorax to enlarge its diameters |
|
|
Term
| what happens during forced expiration |
|
Definition
1. actions similar to those found in deep breathing
2. forceful contraction of the abdominal muscles forces the diaphragm upward.
3. internal intercostals (interosseous portion) depress ribs. |
|
|
