Term
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Definition
| present only on malignant cells as they reflect a tumor-causing mutation which is the result of altered peptide splicing |
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Term
| Tumor-associated antigens |
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Definition
| present on either malignant or normal cells they are normally produced in the immunologically privileged sites. They are produced in small amounts, and the cells that express them do NOT express HLA |
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Term
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Definition
| 1/2 are coded for on the X chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| encode proteins involved in cell division): Growth factors & their receptors, Signaling pathways and Genes transcription |
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Term
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Definition
| mutated forms of proto-oncogenes |
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Term
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Definition
| encode proteins that prevent the proliferation of mutant cells |
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Term
| Mechanisms allowing the cancer cells to escape the immune reactions |
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Definition
1)No inflammation and no immune response due to no tissue damage
2)Tumor cells express self MHC class I
3)Evasion of the NKG2D-medited responses by NK cells. Tumor cells produce protease that cleaves MIC (the ligand for NKG2D receptor on NK & Tc cells) and causes unhindered tumor growth & destruction of lymphocytes endocytosing soluble MIC
4)Secretion of chemokines (TGF-Beta) mediating accumulation of T regulatory cells |
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Term
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Definition
| transplant rejection within the same species |
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Term
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Definition
| transplant rejection from different species |
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Term
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Definition
| graft-versus-host-disease: T cells from the transplant are activated in the lymph nodes by the recipient’s DCs. The primary targets for GVHD are skin, intestinal epithelium & liver (highly proliferative tissues). |
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Term
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Definition
1) Abs against ABO antigens
2) Pre-existing Abs against HLA Class I |
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Term
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Definition
| drect allorecognition: Activated recipients effector T cells attack cells expressing donor’s MHC/Ag complexes in the graft |
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Term
| Chronic allograft rejection |
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Definition
| Could occur months or years after transplantation. Immune reactions produce thickening of the vessels walls, ischemia & graft failure |
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Term
| different deviations in the mechanisms of the immune responses that could lead to infertility and miscarriages |
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Definition
Category 1: HLA compatibility (the couple’s tissues are too similar genetically)
Category 2: Problems with blood clotting (autoantibody response)
Category 3: An autoimmune response occurs to components in the embryo
Category 4: Immune response to sperm antigen
Category 5: Certain types of immune cells increase in number and activity, (NK cells) |
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Term
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Definition
| is a corticosteroid and anti-inflammatory that is normally taken prior to conception and is used to treat women who have antinuclear antibodies |
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Term
| Immunoglobulin G infusion |
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Definition
| is used to treat women who have elevated levels of NK (natural killer) cells |
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Term
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Definition
| is a medication that binds directly to tumor necrosis factor and inhibits its attachment to the placental membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| is an anti-coagulant used to prevent miscarriage due to anti-phospholipid antibodies (promoting blood clotting) |
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Term
| Lymphocyte immunization therapy |
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Definition
| is a medical procedure to reduce NK (natural killer) cells numbers – conflicting results |
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Term
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Definition
| pathogenicity, should be removed in vaccines |
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Term
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Definition
| causes immune response, should be preserved and used in the vaccine |
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Term
| Antigen specific epitopes |
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Definition
| induces the immune response in vaccines |
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Term
| Antigen specific adjuvants |
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Definition
| induces the inflammation response in vaccines |
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