Term
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Definition
| Ag in cytosol --> MHC I --> CD8+ --> kills cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Ag in Vesicle --> MHC II --> CD4+ --> B cells --> plasma cells --> antibodies |
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Term
| Monomeric Immunoglobulins |
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Definition
| IgD, IgE, IgG, and sometimes IgA (in blood) |
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Term
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Definition
| Found in dimeric form in gut and external secretions |
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Term
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Definition
| Can be pentameric, first responder in immune response |
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Term
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Definition
IgA1-4 subclasses depends on hinge arragement
IgA2 CANNOT crosss placenta |
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Term
| Funtional regions of the IgG molecule |
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Definition
| variable regions (heavy and light chain) |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 fragements: 2 FAB and 1 Fc |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 fragements : FAB and Fc |
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Term
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Definition
| 4 fragements: 2 heavy chains and 2 light chains |
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Term
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Definition
| a portion of an antigenic molecule that is bound by an antibody or gives rise to the MHC-binding peptide that is recognized |
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Term
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Definition
| the measure of the strength with which one molecule binds to another at a single binding site |
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Term
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Definition
| is the overall strength of binding of an antibody to its antigen with multiple sites, in contrast to affinity, which is the strength of binding at one single site |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA recombination that occurs between gene segments in the immunoglobulin genes in developing B cells. It generates a complete exon composed of a V gene segment and a J gene segment that encodes the variable region of an immunoglobulin. The RAG-1 and RAG-2 genes encode VDJ recombinase which makes random recombinations of heavy and light chains and random arragements of V, D and J sequences |
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Term
| Generation of Junctional Diversity |
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Definition
| During the process of gene rearrangement the addition or removal of P and N nucleotides added to gene segments which code for the hypervariable regions produces diversity |
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Term
| Differential splicing of mRNA |
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Definition
| exons of the RNA produced by transcription of a gene are reconnected in multiple ways during RNA splicing. The resulting mRNAs are translated into different protein isoforms |
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Term
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Definition
| When a B cell interacts with an antigen, this activates and engages a subset of B cells in the population specific to that antigen. In developing B cell only one heavy chain and one light chain can be expressed so that B Cells have ONE antigen that they are specific to Allelic exclusion occurs by the RAG genes being stopped to halt somatic rearrangement. Only one of the two C-region alleles at the immunoglobulin heavy chain or light chain loci is expressed in each B cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| mutation in the B cell DNA which results in a production of strong antibodies for an antigen. o Positive selection selects for the immunoglobulin with the strongest affinity to further differentiate into plasma cells and produce antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
| involves a somatic recombination process that attaches a different heavy-chain constant-region to the existing variable region exon, this enables the B cell to switch it's immunoglobulin without losing antigen specificity. |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs as the result of somatic hypermutation of the rearranged immunoglobulin region and the consequent selection of mutated B cells that make antigen receptors of higher affinity for their antigen. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pro- B --> Pre-B --> Immature B --> Mature naive B --> Activated B --> Plasma Cell or memory B cell |
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Term
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Definition
rearrangement of heavy chain
N nucleotides added
pre-B cell receptor
allelic exclusion in heavy chain |
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Term
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Definition
rearrangement of light chain
allelic exclusion of light chain
IgM synthesized |
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Term
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Definition
IgM expressed
negative selection of auto-immune B cells |
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Term
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Definition
| IgD expressed in addition to IgM |
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Term
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Definition
antigen primed
clonal expansion (positive selection) |
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Term
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Definition
| producing antigen specific antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| B Cell differentiation in the Bone marrow |
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Definition
| Pro- B, Pre- B, and Immature B |
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Term
| B cell differentiation in the peripheral lymphoid organs |
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Definition
| B cell, activated B cell, plasma cell, B cell with isotypes and Memory B cell |
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Term
| T Helper Cell induced B cell activation (5 parts) |
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Definition
| (1) Cross linking of BCR and co receptor with antigen (2) Chemokines hault movement from T zone (3) B cells present degraded antigen to T helper cells (4) T helper cells present via MHC II to other B cells to produce antibodies against the antigen (5) IL-4 is essential for B cell proliferation and differentiation |
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Term
| Thymus Indepdent B cell Activation |
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Definition
| antigens are expressed on the pathogen at such a high density that is can cross-link with the B cell antibody and co receptor without any need for additional signals. This induces an early immune response and there is no affinity maturation because no somatic hypermutation |
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