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primary elements in living organisms:
C, N, H, O, P, Na, K, Mg, Cl, Fe |
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Term
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Mostly built from C, N, H, O
-sugars
-fats (lipids)
-proteins
-nucleic acids
(all have structural functions & some have other functions) |
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Term
| What do sugars and fats do for the body's tissues? |
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Definition
| They serve as food sources for the body's tissues |
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Definition
| Comprise enzymes, which direct many of the body's chemical reactions |
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| What does nucleic acids do? |
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Definition
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| What do lipids and proteins do? |
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Definition
| Make up most of the structures in cells, with smaller contributions from sugars and nucleic acids |
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Building blocks of our cells
ex: Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Lysosomes etc. |
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-contain the organelles
-are the smallest living units
-200 types |
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A collection of cells that are functionally and structurally related.
4 Basic Types: epithelium, connective tissue, muscle, nervous |
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| Consists of two or more different tissues |
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| Groups of organs that work together, performing related functions. There are 11 major organ systems. They are skeletal, muscular, integumentary (skin), nervous, circulatory, immune, digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive, and endocrine. |
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| Anatomical study of organs, organ systems, and the whole human, as visible to the naked eye |
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| The anatomical study of cellular organelles, cells, tissues, and of the microscopic parts of organs. These sructures cannot be seen with the naked eye, must be viewed through a microscope. aka: histology |
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Definition
1 μm=1/10^6 meter (a millionth of a meter)
cells= 5-100 μm |
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| Diameter of Ovum (egg cell) |
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Definition
~100 μm
(largest cell in body) |
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| toward head (synonymous with "cranial") |
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| toward feet (synonymous with "caudal") |
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| toward the front (synonymous with "ventral", meaning belly) |
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| Toward the back (synonymous with "dorsal", meaning back) |
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| Nearer the vertical midline of the body |
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| Farther from the midline of the body |
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| closer to the base of the limb |
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| closer to the end of a limb |
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| closer to the external surface of the body (or of an organ) |
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| Farther in toward the core |
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| Any horizontal plane, cutting the body into cross-sections |
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| any vertical plane that extends from left to right (these planes divide the body into a vertical plane that runs anterior to posterior) |
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| any vertical plane that runs anterior to posterior, divides body into right and left halves if made at the median |
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| What fixatives are good at preserving cadavers/gross anatomy? |
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Definition
| Phenol, Alcohol, Formaldehyde (not really good at a cellular level, too harsh) |
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Term
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Definition
| a 2-D item is created, for ex. a section of a banana cut lengthwise appears different than one cut crosswise, can be misleading |
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Term
| Polycationic (Basic) Dyes |
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Definition
Have many positive charges and are attracted to biological molecules with a negative charge
-Example: DNA, RNA, protein in mucus (basophilic molecules attract this type of dye, have net negative charges) |
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Term
| Polyanionic (Acidic) Dyes |
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Have many negative charges and are attracted to organic molecules with a positive charge
Example: most proteins (acidophilic molecules attract this type of dye, have net positive charges) |
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-common basic dye
-purple
-usually stains the cell nucleus |
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-common acidic dye
-stains pink
-usually stains cytoplasm of cells (containing protein) |
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