Term
|
Definition
| most common white blood cell found in whole blood |
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Term
|
Definition
| mounts an immune response by direct cell attack or via antibodies |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| main bacteria killer during acute infections |
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Term
|
Definition
| nucleus has two lobes; contains granules of lysosomal enzymes; functions in attacking parasitic worms |
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Term
|
Definition
| nucleus is multilobed; functions as a phagocyte; contains fine indistinct granules |
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Term
|
Definition
| transports CO2 and oxygen |
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Term
|
Definition
| contains a U- or an S-shaped nucleus; granules stain very dark; releases histamine and heparin |
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Term
|
Definition
| largest of the WBCs; crucial in defense against viruses; associated with chronic infections |
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Term
|
Definition
| the major contributor to plasma osmotic pressure |
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Term
|
Definition
| thrombin catalyzes the activation of these molecules present in plasma |
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Term
|
Definition
| forms the structural framework of a blood clot |
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Term
|
Definition
| makes up most of plasma protein |
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Term
|
Definition
| transport proteins that bind to lipids and fat-soluble vitamins |
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Term
|
Definition
| floating intravascular clot |
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Term
|
Definition
| any decrease in oxygen-carrying ability of the blood |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| polymorphonuclear leukocyte |
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Term
|
Definition
| white blood cell with dark-staining nucleus |
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Term
|
Definition
| protein capable of changing shape and color in the presence of O2 |
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Term
|
Definition
| adverse reaction of donor blood cells with recipient plasma |
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Term
|
Definition
| lacking in hemophilia type A |
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Term
|
Definition
| constitutes 90% of plasma volume |
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Term
|
Definition
| plasma and formed elements |
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Term
|
Definition
| liquid portion of the blood |
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Term
|
Definition
| a fibrous protein that gives shape to an RBC plasma membrane |
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Term
|
Definition
| a clot that develops in an unbroken blood vessel |
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Term
|
Definition
| stem cell from which all formed elements arise |
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Term
|
Definition
| interferes with blood-clotting ability |
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Term
|
Definition
| a hormone-stimulating erythropoiesis |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deficient erythrocyte production due to lack of intrinsic factor and failure to absorb vitamin B12 |
|
|
Term
| prostaglandin derivatives |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the primary source of RBCs in the adult human being is the bone marrow in the shafts of the long bones |
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Term
|
Definition
| leukemia refers to cancerous conditions of white blood cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| the immediate response to blood vessel injury is clotting |
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Term
|
Definition
| the process of fibrinolysis disposes of bacteria when healing has occurred |
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Term
|
Definition
| the RBC "graveyard" is the liver |
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Term
|
Definition
| hemorrhagic anemias result from blood loss |
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Term
|
Definition
| white blood cells are produced through the action of colony-stimulating factors |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| hemoglobin is made up of the protein heme and the red pigment globin |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| each heme contains an atom of iron and can transport one molecule of oxygen |
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Term
|
Definition
| each hemoglobin molecule can transport two molecules of oxygen |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| diapedesis is the process by which red blood cells move into tissue spaces from the interior of blood capillaries |
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Term
|
Definition
| positive chemotaxis is a feedback system that signals leukocyte migration into damaged areas |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| a condition of leukocytosis indicates over 11,000 white blood cells per cubic millimeter in the blood |
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Term
|
Definition
| basophils increase in number when parasitic invasion occurs |
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Term
|
Definition
| leukopenia is an abnormally low number of leukocytes |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a person with type B blood could receive blood from a person with either type B or O blood |
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Term
|
Definition
| leukocytes move through the circulatory system by amoeboid motion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| granulocytes called neutrophils are phagocytic and the most numberous of all white blood cell types |
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Term
|
Definition
| all lymphocytes are leukocytes, but not all leukocytes are lymphocytes |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| myelocytic leukemia involves a cancerous condition of lymphocytes |
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Term
|
Definition
| __ is a pivotal molecule associated with the external surfaces of aggregated platelets and is involved in the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of blood clotting |
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Term
|
Definition
| what is the average normal pH of blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the special type of hemoglobin present in fetal red blood cells is __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| together, leukocytes and platelets comprise approximately __ percent of total blood volume |
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Term
|
Definition
| which blood type is called the universal donor |
|
|
Term
| maintenance of normal pH in body tissues |
|
Definition
| which of the following is a regulatory function of blood? |
|
|
Term
| maintenance of body temperature |
|
Definition
| which of the following is a protective function of blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which of the following is not a phase of erythropoiesis |
|
|
Term
| hypoxia of EPO-producing cells |
|
Definition
| which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis |
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|
Term
| membranes "wear out" and the cells become damaged |
|
Definition
| as red blood cells age __ |
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|
Term
| can receive any blood type in moderate amounts except that with the Rh antigen |
|
Definition
| an individual who is blood type AB negative ___ |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the most abundant plasma protein is __ |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| when neither anti-A nor anti-B clots on a blood plate, the blood is type __ |
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|
Term
| red marrow is the main site of blood cell formation throughout adult life |
|
Definition
| select the correct statement regarding blood cell formation |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| blood volume restorers include all of the following except __ |
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Term
|
Definition
| james has a hemoglobin measurement of 16g/100ml blood. this is __ |
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Term
|
Definition
| which of these is not a normal plasma protein |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| all of the following can be expected with polycythemia except __ |
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Term
|
Definition
| no visible cytoplasmic granules are present in __ |
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Term
|
Definition
| which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis |
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Term
|
Definition
| which of the following are not currently known red blood cell anitgens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
place the following in correct development sequence:
1. reticulocyte
2. proerythroblast
3. normoblast
4. late erythroblast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a lack of intrinsic factor, leading to a deficiency of vitamin B12 and large pale cells called macrocytes, is characteristic of __ |
|
|
Term
| formation of prothrombin activator |
|
Definition
| the slowest step in the clotting process is __ |
|
|
Term
| include embolus formation, a clot moving within the circulatory system |
|
Definition
| thromboembolic disorders ___ |
|
|
Term
| excess secretion of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) |
|
Definition
| which of the following is not a cause of bleeding disorders? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which of the following is characteristic of all leukocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which of the following is true about blood plasma |
|
|
Term
| stick to the damaged area of a blood vessel and help seal the break |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| they include anemias and thromboembolic disorders |
|
Definition
| select the correct statement regarding age-related blood disorders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
which sequence is correct for the following events?
1. fibrinogen --> fibrin
2. clot retraction
3. formation of thromboplastin
4. prothrombin --> thrombin |
|
|
Term
| there are no antibodies to A, to B, or to Rh antigens in the plasma |
|
Definition
| Fred's blood was determined to be AB positive. what does this mean? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which of the following is a precursor of a basophil |
|
|
Term
| travel at high altitude and vigorous exercise |
|
Definition
| sickling of red blood cells can be produced in those with sickle-cell anemia by __ |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| all of the following conditions impair coagulation except __ |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| when can erythroblastosis fetalis not possibly happen in the child of an Rh negative mother? |
|
|
Term
| increase of leukocytes as a result of erythrocyte loss |
|
Definition
| complications of aplastic anemia generally do not include __ |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the shelf life of whole collected blood at 4 degrees Celsius is about __ days |
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Term
|
Definition
| the formed element __ can kill parasitic worms |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a __ is a committed granular leukocyte stem cell which produces neutrophils |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the rarest leukocyte is the __ |
|
|
Term
| adenosine diphosphate (ADP) |
|
Definition
| the potent platelet aggregate that attracts more platelets to the site of an injury is __ |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| __ is an antiprostaglandin drug that inhibits thromboxane A2 formation (platelet plug formation). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the universal recipient blood type is __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when monocytes migrate into the interstitial spaces, they are called __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| destruction of the hematopoietic components of red marrow leads to a condition called |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| __ is the stage of development in the life of an erythrocyte during which the nucleus is ejected |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| hemoglobin is composed of __ polypeptide chains |
|
|
Term
| rapid removal of coagulation factors and inhibition of activated clotting factors |
|
Definition
| list the general factors that limit normal clot growth |
|
|
Term
| when there is rapid and substantial blood loss |
|
Definition
| when are whole blood transfusions routinely given? |
|
|
Term
| platelet deficiency (thrombocytopenia); deficiency of procoagulants due to liver disorders; or certain genetic conditions (hemophilias) |
|
Definition
| list the most common causes of bleeding disorders |
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Term
|
Definition
| the inner lining of the heart |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| serous layer covering the heart muscle |
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Term
|
Definition
| the outermost layer of the serous pericardium |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the pacemaker of the heart |
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Term
|
Definition
| found in the interventricular septum |
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Term
|
Definition
| network found in the ventricular myocardium |
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Term
|
Definition
| the point in the conduction system of the heart where the impulse is temporarily delayed |
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Term
|
Definition
| prevents backflow into the left ventricle |
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Term
|
Definition
| prevents backflow into the right atrium |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| prevents backflow into the left atrium |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| prevents backflow into the right ventricle |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| AV valve with three flaps |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the myocardium receives its blood supply from the coronary arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cardiac muscle has more mitochondria and depends less on a continual supply of oxygen than does skeletal muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proper function of the heart is dependent upon blood levels of ionic sodium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| congestive heart failure means that the pumping efficiency of the heart is depressed so that there is inadequate delivery of blood to body tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tissues damaged by myocardial infarction are replaced by connective tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the left side of the heart pumps the same volume of blood as the right |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chronic release of excess thyroxine can cause a sustained increase in heart rate and a weakened heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the mitral valve has chordae but the tricuspid valve does not |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| trabeculae carneae are found in the ventricles and never the atria |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the "lub" sounds of the heart are valuable in diagnosis because they provide information about the function of the heart's pulmonary and aortic valves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| autonomic regulation of heart rate is via two reflex centers found in the pons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the dicrotic notch refers to the brief rise in pressure caused by the closure of the AV valves during ventricular systole |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an ECG provides direct information about valve function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| as pressure in the aorta rises due to atherosclerosis, more ventricular pressure is required to open the aortic valve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proxysmal atrial tachycardia is characterized by bursts of atrial contractions with little pause between them |
|
|
Term
| closure of the heart valves |
|
Definition
| normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events |
|
|
Term
| can be improved by regular exercise |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output |
|
Definition
| hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes ___ |
|
|
Term
| pump blood with greater pressure |
|
Definition
| the left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to ___ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| damage to the __ is referred to as heart block |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates __ |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small muscle masses attached to the chordae tendineae are the __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the term for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart that may be caused by the transient spasm of coronary arteries is __ |
|
|
Term
| in the second intercostal space to the right of the sternum |
|
Definition
| to auscultate the aortic valve, you would place your stethoscope __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the source of blood carried to capillaries in the myocardium would be the __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the heart is beating at a rate of 75 times per minute, the duration of one cardiac cycle is __ second(s). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which of the following factors does not influence heart rate? |
|
|
Term
| thinning of the valve flaps |
|
Definition
| which of the following is not an age-related change affecting the heart? |
|
|
Term
| decreased delivery of oxygen |
|
Definition
| if cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply, damage would primarily result from __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cardiac muscle cells are like skeletal muscle cells in that they __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cardiac output is about __ L/min |
|
|
Term
| contains a lubricating fluid called serous fluid |
|
Definition
| the pericardial cavity __ |
|
|
Term
| tetanic contractions might occur, which would stop the heart's pumping action |
|
Definition
| if the length of the absolute refractory period in cardiac muscle cells was the same as it is for skeletal muscle cells __ |
|
|
Term
| causing threshold to be reached more quickly |
|
Definition
| norepinephrine acts on the heart by __ |
|
|
Term
| the heart rate would increase by about 25 beats per minute |
|
Definition
| if the vagal nerves of the heart we cut, the result would be that ___ |
|
|
Term
| connects the two artia in the fetal heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the stroke volume for a normal resting heart is __ ml/beat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which vessel of the heart receives blood during right ventricular systole |
|
|
Term
| both the aorta and pulmonary trunk |
|
Definition
| blood ejected from the ventricles enters which of these vessels during ventricular systole? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which of the following is not part of the conduction system of the heart? |
|
|
Term
| when the ventricular is in systole |
|
Definition
| the tricuspid valve is closed __ |
|
|
Term
| noticing the thickness of the ventricular walls |
|
Definition
| when viewing a dissected heart, it is easy to visually discern the right and left ventricles by __ |
|
|
Term
| The AV valves are supported by chordae tendineae so that they do not blow back up into the atria during ventricular contraction |
|
Definition
| select the correct statement about the heart valves |
|
|
Term
| the all-or-none law as applied to cardiac muscle means that the entire heart contracts as a unit of it does not contract at all |
|
Definition
| select the correct statement about the function of myocardial cells |
|
|
Term
| the myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts |
|
Definition
| select the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall |
|
|
Term
| has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium |
|
Definition
| compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle __ |
|
|
Term
| has sarcomeres with A bands and I bands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the T wave, which indicates ventricular repolarization |
|
Definition
| the deflection waves in an ECG tracing include ___ |
|
|
Term
| blood flows passively through the atria and the open AV valves |
|
Definition
| during the period of ventricular filling __ |
|
|
Term
| is caused by hypertrophy of the heart muscle |
|
Definition
| the effect of endurane-type athletic training may be to lower the resting heart rate. this phenomenon __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the second heart sound is heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the time of day most hazardous for heart attacks is __ |
|
|
Term
| interference with normal mechanical cardiac activity |
|
Definition
| if a significant amount of connective tissue were to develop connecting the visceral and parietal pericardial layers together, which of the following would be a likely consequence? |
|
|
Term
| threshold is reached more quickly and heart rate would increase |
|
Definition
| if we were able to artifically alter the membrane permeability of pacemaker cells so that sodium influx is more rapid, ___ |
|
|
Term
| a slow heart rate increases end diastolic volume, stroke volume, and force of contraction |
|
Definition
| select the correct statement about cariac output |
|
|
Term
| some calcium enters the cell from the extracellular space and triggers the release of larger amounts of calcium from intracellular stores |
|
Definition
| during contraction of heart muscle cells __ |
|
|
Term
| refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers |
|
Definition
| isovolumetric contraction __ |
|
|
Term
| relatively mild blow to the chest |
|
Definition
| commotio cordis is heart failure due to a __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| negative chronotropic factors are factors that ___ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the enlarged coronary vessel outside the heart that empties blood into the right atrium is the __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in the fetal heart there is a foramen __ that allows blood to flow from the right atrium directly to the left atrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ cells of the heart do not maintain stable resting membrane potentials; therefore, they continually depolarize |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specialized conductive cells of the ventricles are called __ fibers |
|
|
Term
| ventricular repolarization |
|
Definition
| the ECG T wave interval represents __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| visceral layer of the serous pericardium |
|
Definition
| the __ membrane covers the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ valve of the heart rate has three valves with chordae tendineae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ and __ valves of the heart have no chordae tendineae attached |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| __ is contraction of the muscle (ventricles) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| __ is relaxation of the muscle (ventricles) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| largest artery of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supplies the duodenum and stomach |
|
|
Term
| inferior mesenteric artery |
|
Definition
| supplies the distal areas of the large intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supplies pelvic structures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| artery that does not anastomose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gives rise to the right common carotid and right subclavian artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| common site to take the pulse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| major supply to the cerebral hemispheres |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large unpaired branch of the abdominal aorta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abdominal aorta spilts to form two |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| receives blood from all areas superior to the diaphragm, except the heart wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| runs through the armpit area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drains the upper extremities, deep vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| artery usually palpated to take the blood pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| major artery of the thigh |
|
|
Term
| superior mesenteric artery |
|
Definition
| supplies the small intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| longest vein in the body, superficial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| site where resistance to blood flow is greatest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| site where exchanges of food and gases are made |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| site where blood pressure is lowest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| site where the velocity of blood flow is fastest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| site where the velocity of blood flow is slowest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| site where the blood volume is greatest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| site where the blood pressure is greatest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| site that is the major determinant of peripheral resistance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the adjustment of blood flow to each tissue is proportion to its requirements at any point in time is termed autoregulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arterial pressure in the pulmonary circulation is much higher than in the systemic circulation because of its proximity to the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| osmotic pressure is created by the presence in a fluid of small diffusible molecules that easily move through the capillary membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) is an arterial anastomosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the outermost layer of a blood vessel is the tunica intima |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The thick-walled arteries close to the heart are called muscular arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hypotension is generally considered systolic blood pressure that is below 100 mm Hg. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A precapillary sphincter is a cuff of smooth muscle that regulates the flow of blood into the
capillaries. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thoroughfare channels connect a metarteriole to a venule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vasodilation is a widening of the lumen due to smooth muscle contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The pulmonary circulation does not directly serve the metabolic needs of body tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
In infants and young people, congenital vascular problems are less common than congenital
heart disease. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The most common form of shock is hypovolemic shock. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Every minute, about 1.5 ml of fluid leaks out of the capillaries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The pancreas is an example of an organ with arteries that do not anastomose. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An obstruction in the superior vena cava would decrease the flow of blood from the head and
neck to the heart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Arteries supplying the same territory are often merged with one another, forming arterial
anastomoses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An increase in blood viscosity will cause an increase in peripheral resistance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The first major branch of the femoral artery is the dorsalis pedis artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The azygos vein originates in the abdomen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following is not one of the three main factors influencing blood pressure? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following chemicals does not help regulate blood pressure? |
|
|
Term
| All carry blood away from the heart. |
|
Definition
| Which statement best describes arteries? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which tunic of an artery contains endothelium? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the
primary function of ________. |
|
|
Term
| hepatic portal circulation |
|
Definition
| The circulatory route that runs from the digestive tract to the liver is called ________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The arteries that are also called distributing arteries are the ________. |
|
|
Term
| promote an increase in blood pressure |
|
Definition
| Aldosterone will ________. |
|
|
Term
| systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure |
|
Definition
| The pulse pressure is ________. |
|
|
Term
| rapidly falling blood pressure |
|
Definition
| Which of the following signs of hypovolemic shock is a relatively late sign? |
|
|
Term
| Capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood |
|
Definition
| Which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise? |
|
|
Term
| are abundant in the skin and skeletal muscles |
|
Definition
| Continuous capillaries ________. |
|
|
Term
| Veins are called capacitance vessels or blood reservoirs |
|
Definition
| Which of the following is true about veins |
|
|
Term
| form more freely than arterial anastomoses |
|
Definition
| Venous anastomoses ________. |
|
|
Term
| increases as blood viscosity increases |
|
Definition
| Peripheral resistance ________. |
|
|
Term
| is abolished when abnormally high CO2 levels persist |
|
Definition
| Brain blood flow autoregulation ________. |
|
|
Term
| increases when environmental temperature rises |
|
Definition
| Blood flow to the skin ________. |
|
|
Term
| Carbon dioxide moves from its production site into the interstitial fluid. |
|
Definition
| Select the correct statement about the movement of materials at the capillary level |
|
|
Term
| vascular, due to extreme vasodilation as a result of loss of vasomotor tone |
|
Definition
| Which of the following is a type of circulatory shock? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous
blood circulation? |
|
|
Term
significant because resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the vessel
radius |
|
Definition
| The influence of blood vessel diameter on peripheral resistance is ________. |
|
|
Term
shock that results from large-scale loss of blood volume, or after severe vomiting or
diarrhea |
|
Definition
| The form of circulatory shock known as hypovolemic shock is ________. |
|
|
Term
| is the same as capillary blood pressure |
|
Definition
| In the dynamics of blood flow through capillaries, hydrostatic pressure ________. |
|
|
Term
| carries nutrient-rich blood to the liver |
|
Definition
| The hepatic portal vein ________. |
|
|
Term
| a special fetal vessel that allows blood to bypass the liver |
|
Definition
| The term ductus venosus refers to ________. |
|
|
Term
embryonic masses of mesodermal cells that give rise to the endothelial lining of blood
vessels |
|
Definition
| The term blood islands refers to ________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following has anastomosing vessels |
|
|
Term
| the vessel selected to palpate |
|
Definition
| Which of the following do not influence arterial pulse rate? |
|
|
Term
| right ventricle, pulmonary artery, and left atrium |
|
Definition
| Which of the following are involved directly in pulmonary circulation? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Histologically, the ________ is squamous epithelium supported by a sparse connective tissue
layer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The arteries that directly feed into the capillary beds are called ________. |
|
|
Term
| are not found in the brain |
|
Definition
| Fenestrated capillaries ________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Modified capillaries that are lined with phagocytes are called ________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Factors that aid venous return include all except ________. |
|
|
Term
| 170/96 in a 50-year-old man |
|
Definition
| Which of the following blood pressure readings would be indicative of hypertension |
|
|
Term
| Excess red cell production would cause a blood pressure increase |
|
Definition
| Select the correct statement about factors that influence blood pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mechanisms that do not help regulate blood pressure include ________. |
|
|
Term
| is slowest in the capillaries since the total cross-sectional area is the greatest |
|
Definition
| The velocity of blood flow ________. |
|
|
Term
| Blood flow through the entire vascular system is equivalent to cardiac output. |
|
Definition
| Select the correct statement about blood flow. |
|
|
Term
| right side of the head and neck and right upper arm |
|
Definition
A thrombus (blood clot) in the first branch of the arch of the aorta would affect the flow of
blood to the ________. |
|
|
Term
| intrinsic autoregulatory mechanisms |
|
Definition
| Cerebral blood flow is regulated by ________. |
|
|
Term
| decreased size of the heart muscle |
|
Definition
A patient with essential hypertension might have pressures of 200/120 mm Hg. This
hypertensive state could result in all of the following changes except ________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The short-term controls of blood pressure, mediated by the nervous system and bloodborne
chemicals, do not primarily operate via ________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Secondary hypertension can be caused by ________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Where in the body would you find low oxygen levels causing vasoconstriction and high levels
causing vasodilation? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Normal blood pressure for a newborn baby is ________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The first major branch of the aortic arch is the ________ branch. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The embryonic mesodermal cells that will eventually form the endothelial lining of blood
vessels are called ________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The most common form of shock is ________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Released by the endothelium, a family of peptides called ________ are among the most potent
vasoconstrictors known. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A ________ capillary has many oval holes in it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Arterial ________ provide alternate pathways for blood to get to an organ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ________ in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch detect increases in blood pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ________ artery is a blood vessel on the arm used as a pressure point |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
________ shock is due to abnormal expansion of blood vessels and a rapid drop in blood
pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The third major branch of the aortic arch is the ________ artery. |
|
|
Term
| internal carotid arteries |
|
Definition
| The ________ supply the brain with blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ________ pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blood flow equals the difference in blood pressure divided by ________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The lowest venous blood pressure is found in the ________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| As a cuff is deflated on the arm, sounds of ________ can be heard |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Protein-containing fluid
within lymphatic vessels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Receives lymph from most of
the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Small organs intimately
associated with lymphatic
vessels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Isolated clusters of lymph
follicles found in the wall of
the small intestine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Peyerʹs patches are clusters of lymphoid tissue found primarily in the large intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The lymphatics function to absorb the excess protein-containing interstitial fluid and return it
to the bloodstream. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lymph always flows away from the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lymphatic capillaries are permeable to proteins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Digested fats are absorbed from the intestine by the lymph capillaries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chyle is delivered to the blood via the lymphatic system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All lymphoid organs develop from mesoderm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
About 3 liters of fluid are lost to the tissue spaces every 24 hours and are returned to the
bloodstream as lymph |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Because lymph vessels are very low-pressure conduits, movements of adjacent tissues are
important in propelling lymph through the lymphatics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lymphoid tissue is mainly reticular connective tissue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lymphocytes reside temporarily in lymphoid tissue, then move to other parts of the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All the lymphoid organs are well developed before birth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An infected lymph gland is called a bubo. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The largest lymphatic vessels are called lacteals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The cisterna chyli collects lymph from the lumbar trunks draining the upper limbs and from
the intestinal trunk draining the digestive organs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
If even a small part of the spleen is left in a ten-year-old child, it will most likely regenerate
itself. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The thymus lacks T cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small organs associated with lymphatic vessels are termed ________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following would not be classified as a lymphatic structure? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The distal portion of the small intestine contains clumps of lymph follicles called ________. |
|
|
Term
skeletal muscle contractions and differences in thoracic pressures due to respiratory
movement |
|
Definition
| Both lymph and venous blood flow are heavily dependent on ________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The thymus is most active during ________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Which lymphatic structure drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the
head and thorax? |
|
|
Term
The thymus initially increases in size and then decreases in size from adolescence
through old age. |
|
Definition
| What effect does age have on the size of the thymus? |
|
|
Term
| more permeable than blood capillaries |
|
Definition
| The lymphatic capillaries are ________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by ________. |
|
|
Term
| efferent lymphatic vessels |
|
Definition
| Lymph leaves a lymph node via ________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| By secreting hormones, the thymus causes what cells to become immunocompetent |
|
|
Term
| crypts that trap bacteria |
|
Definition
| Functions of the spleen include all of those below except ________. |
|
|
Term
| severe localized edema distal to the blockage |
|
Definition
| When the lymphatics are blocked due to tumors, the result is ________. |
|
|
Term
| Lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal muscles |
|
Definition
| Select the correct statement about lymph transport. |
|
|
Term
| B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood. |
|
Definition
| Select the correct statement about lymphocytes. |
|
|
Term
| Lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue |
|
Definition
| Select the correct statement about lymphoid tissue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A ring of lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called
a(n) ________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which is not a mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Peyerʹs patches are found in the ________ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lymph collecting or pooling from the lower extremities would first pool in the ________
before moving on up. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The thymus is the only lymphoid organ that does not |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Particularly large clusters of lymph nodes occur in all of the following locations except the
________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Digestive tract-associated lymphatic tissue includes all of the following except ________. |
|
|
Term
| transport of excess tissue fluid to the blood vascular system |
|
Definition
| Functions of the lymphatic system include _______ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The tonsils located at the base of the tongue are the ________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following is not a normal component of lymph? |
|
|
Term
| the first node to receive lymph from an area suspected to be cancerous |
|
Definition
| A sentinel node is ________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ________ are the simplest lymphoid organs and are found at the entrance to the pharynx. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The appendix, tonsils, and Peyerʹs patches are examples of ________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Highly specialized lymph capillaries called ________ are present in the villi of the intestinal
mucosa. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The thoracic duct of the lymphatic system empties into the ________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lymph nodes have more ________ lymphatic vessels than ________ lymphatic vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Of the organs in the lymphatic system, only the ________ becomes less important as you get
older. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tonsils have blind-ended structures called ________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hassallʹs corpuscles are always found in the lighter-colored ________ regions of the thymus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ________ pulp of the spleen forms cuffs around the central arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lymphatic ________ are formed from the union of the largest collecting vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A healthy adult male has approximately ___ liters of blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A major plasma protein that maintains the blood osmotic pressure is: |
|
|
Term
| the escape of leukocytes from blood vessels into tissue spaces. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Granulocytes do NOT include: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mature red blood cells in the circulating blood are filled with: |
|
|
Term
| the lack of vitamin B12 in diet or deficiency of intrinsic factor needed to absorb B12. |
|
Definition
| Pernicious anemia may result from: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The final step in clot formation is: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The most numerous leukocyte is the: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The terms biconcave and anucleated apply to: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which leukocyte contains histamine in its granules? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following is a protective function of blood? |
|
|
Term
| The life span of platelets is between 30 to 60 days. |
|
Definition
| Which of the following statements about platelets is INCORRECT? |
|
|
Term
| WBCs are nucleated and have a protective function. |
|
Definition
| Which property do white blood cells have in common? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Individuals with malaria have a better chance of surviving if they have which type of anemia? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following types of white blood cells kills parasitic worms, destroys antibody complexes, and inactivates some inflammatory chemicals of allergy? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following is a function of neutrophils? |
|
|
Term
| Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide |
|
Definition
| Which of the following is a function of erythrocytes? |
|
|
Term
| Release histamine during allergic reaction |
|
Definition
| Which of the following is a function of basophils? |
|
|
Term
| Destruction of virus-containing cells |
|
Definition
| Which of the following is a function of lymphocytes? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The percentage of total volume used to determine the number of erythrocytes in a blood sample is referred to as the: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The buffy coat that appears after a sample of blood has been centrifuged contains: |
|
|
Term
| They generate ATP by anaerobic mechanisms and do not consume any of the oxygen they carry. |
|
Definition
| Which of the following factors has the greatest effect on making RBCs very efficient oxygen transporters? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Another term for reduced hemoglobin is: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____________ is an illustration of iron deficiency seen in individuals who have expanded their blood by increased activity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of actively metabolizing oxygen to produce bleach and hydrogen to kill bacteria is known as: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following substances is responsible for limiting a platelet plug to the immediate area of damage? |
|
|
Term
| Rh incompatibility between an Rh-negative mother and her Rh-positive baby during pregnancy. |
|
Definition
| Erythroblastosis fetalis is caused by: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following plasma expanders would be associated with the least complications? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Eighty-five percent of Americans carry the ______ Rh agglutinogen on their RBCs. |
|
|
Term
| Neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies |
|
Definition
| Which antibodies would be found in the serum of a person with AB blood? |
|
|
Term
| SA node, AV node, AV bundle of His, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers |
|
Definition
| Choose the correct sequence of current flow through the heart wall. |
|
|
Term
| right ventricle and moves to the lungs. |
|
Definition
| During pulmonary circulation blood leaves the: |
|
|
Term
| left ventricle and goes directly to the aorta. |
|
Definition
| During systemic circulation blood leaves the: |
|
|
Term
| Right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle |
|
Definition
| Identify the correct sequence of blood flow through the chambers of the heart. |
|
|
Term
| the muscle cell is not in a position to respond to a stimulus of any strength. |
|
Definition
| The absolute refractory period refers to the time during which: |
|
|
Term
| the number of times the heart beats in one minute. |
|
Definition
| The cardiac cycle includes all of the following events, except: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The coronary arteries arise from the: |
|
|
Term
| simple squamous epithelium. |
|
Definition
| The endocardium is composed of: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The inferior vena cava brings blood from the lower regions of the body and empties into the: |
|
|
Term
| parietal layer of serous pericardium. |
|
Definition
| The inner lining of the fibrous pericardium is formed by the: |
|
|
Term
| left and right ventricles. |
|
Definition
| The interventricular septum forms a dividing wall between the: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The pacemaker of the heart is the: |
|
|
Term
| right atrium and right ventricle. |
|
Definition
| The tricuspid valve is located between the: |
|
|
Term
| left ventricle into the left atrium. |
|
Definition
| When the mitral valve closes, it prevents the backflow of blood from the: |
|
|
Term
| Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium |
|
Definition
| Which is the correct sequence of layers in the heart wall, starting with the outer layer? |
|
|
Term
| The heart is enclosed in a double-layered sac called the pleural membrane. |
|
Definition
| Which of the following statements is NOT true about the shape, position, and location of the heart? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The vessels that carry oxygen to the myocardial cells are called: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The cells of the myocardium behave as a single, coordinated unit called a: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability of some cardiac muscle cells to initiate their own depolarization and cause depolarization of the rest of the heart is called: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Guided by powerful signaling molecules, the human heart develops from: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following structures lies on the outside surface of the heart and is an integral part of the cardiac wall? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The trabeculae carneae are located in the: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What part of the heart is considered the systemic circuit pump? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The __________ are attached to the AV valve flaps. |
|
|
Term
| The mitral, or bicuspid, valve |
|
Definition
| Which of the following valves is most often faulty in the heart? |
|
|
Term
| A very large number of mitochondrion in the cytoplasm |
|
Definition
| Which of the following factors gives the myocardium its high resistance to fatigue? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The _________ nerve carries parasympathetic fibers to the SA node. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An enlarged R wave on an ECG would indicate: |
|
|
Term
| Incompetent cardiac valve |
|
Definition
| A doctor puts his stethoscope on a patient's chest over the location of the heart and hears a swishing sound. Which of the following conditions is the best diagnosis for the patient's condition? |
|
|
Term
the amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle in one minute.
Cardiac Output = Heart Rate × Stroke Volume |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| right ventricle and moves to the lungs. |
|
Definition
| During pulmonary circulation blood leaves the: |
|
|
Term
| left ventricle and goes directly to the aorta. |
|
Definition
| During systemic circulation blood leaves the: |
|
|
