Term
|
Definition
Also called nexus, tunnel like passageways between two adjacent cells.
Function: Let's small molecules move between neighboring cells |
|
|
Term
| Desmosomes (cell junctions) |
|
Definition
| Anchoring junction, 2 disc like plaques connected across intercellular space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ALso known as Zonula adherens, Anchoring junction, just below tight junctions.
Function: transmembrane linker proteins attach to actin micro filaments of the cytoskeleton and bind adjacent cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Also known as zona occludens, its belt like and extends around periphery, closes off extra cellular space
location: apical region of most epithelial types
Function: prevent molecules from passing between cells of epithelial tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small intestine, transverse colon of large intestine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(Bones and joints) Protects and supports body organs.
Function: provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement, blood cells are formed within bones, stores minerals
Purpose: structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Border between epithelia and underlying connective tissue. Non-cellular supporting sheet of proteins secreted by epithelial cells
Function: filters, decides which molecules from capillaries enter the epithelium, acts as a scaffold for regenerating cells to migrate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cells connected by hollow cylinders of protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plaques of adjoining cells are joined by a protein called Cadherins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Glands secret hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells.
Locations: (head) pineal gland, pituitary gland; (throat) thyroid gland; (chest) thymus, pancreas, testis, and ovaries
Function: balance |
|
|
Term
| Connective tissue or C.T. |
|
Definition
Includes C.T. proper (fat and ligaments), cartilage, bone and blood
Function: provides support |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| found in white blood cells, immune cells and melanocytes (pigment) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
everything in the nucleus, DNA
function: codes for proteins |
|
|
Term
| A-Vascular but innervated |
|
Definition
| does not have blood vessels (all) has the blood vessel beneath it |
|
|
Term
| endothelium (SIMPLE SQUAMOUS) |
|
Definition
(inner covering) slick lining of hollow organs- inside lining.
Locations: blood vessels, kidneys, bladder etc
Functions: transports materials by passive diffusion and filtration. secretes lubricating substances in serosa (membranes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
underlies epithelial tissue, surrounds small nerves and blood vessels, borders all tissues in the body.
Function: wraps and cushions organs, controls inflammation
Location: all over, organs, capillaries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
network of fibers in loose ground substance
Function: for a soft internal skeleton (stroma)
Location: lymphoid organs (nodes, bones marrow and spleen) |
|
|
Term
| Receptor - mediated endocytosis |
|
Definition
| plasma proteins bind to certain molecules, invaginates and forms a coated pit which then pinch off to become a coated vesicle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
basal cells usually cuboidal or columnar; superficial cells dome shaped or squamous. undergoes transitions in shape.
function: stretches and permits distention of urinary bladder causing thinning 6 to 3 layers when filled with urine.
location: lines ureter, urinary bladder and part of the urethra |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
one or more epithelia cells that make and secrete (exports)
site of product release: endocrine - internally releasing or exocrine - externally releasing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
finger like extensions of plasma membrane
location: kidneys, small intestine
function: maximizes surface area across which small molecules enter or leave |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lies internal to plasma membrane, consists of cytosol, organelles and inclusions. everything but the nucleus.
Function: holds organelles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "end caps" on chromosomes that limit the maximum number of time a cell can divide |
|
|
Term
| Non Keratinized - stratified squamus epithelium |
|
Definition
forms lining of body openings
Location: mouth, vaginal opening, esophagus |
|
|
Term
| stratified squamous epithelium |
|
Definition
Many layers of cells, squamous in shape (tiles, looks like fried eggs from the side) deeper layers of cells appear cuboidal or columnar. thickest epithelial tissue
Function: protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion
Location: keratinized- forms epidermis non keratinized - esophagus, mouth and vagina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| network with the cytoplasm, extensive system of membrane-walled envelopes and tubes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| function: helps resist pulling forces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a set of microtubules, contains a core of 9 pairs of microtubules encircling one middle pair. each pair arranged in a doublet. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tube like connections to epithelial sheets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ductless glands that produce and secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream to specific target organs far from the site of release.
function: chemical messenger molecules |
|
|
Term
| Name the 3 loose connective tissues |
|
Definition
| C.T. Proper, Loose C.T. ( areolar, adipose, reticular) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| made from actin, interacts with myosin to create cell division, performs endo and exocytosis. plays a role in pseudopod extension and retraction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| becomes all connective tissue, means middle. |
|
|
Term
| lymphatic system (immunity) |
|
Definition
Location: red bone marrow, thymus, lymphatic vessels, thoracic duct, spleen, and lymph nodes.
Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood: disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream, houses white blood cells (lymphocytes) involved in immunity. the immune response mounts the attack against foreign substances within the body
Purpose: fights and kills infection/ bacteria |
|
|
Term
| stratified columnar epithelium |
|
Definition
several layers: basal cells usually cuboidal: superficial cells elongated
function: protection and secretion
Location: rarest tissue type, found in male urethra and large ducts of some glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forms most glands, protection, absorption, secretions, ion transport, filtration (moves things) highly cellular, has more cells packed together than all other tissues in sheets. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ribosomes stud the external surfaces, envelope stacks called cisternae (fluid filled cavities) makes all membrane proteins and membranes.
function: protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| composed almost entirely of cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proposes that aging is programmed by genes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
double membrane around nucleus allows RNA out, holds DNA in
Function: allows RNA out, keeps DNA in |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| does a WBC have a nucleus? |
|
|
Term
| how many types of cells in human body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any other sagittal/cut except the middle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| division of the nucleus during cell division, chromosomes are distributed to the two daughter nuclei - PMAT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
farther from the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.
example: the knee is distal to the thigh |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| little organs carry on essential functions of cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| top of the head to the bottom of the pelvis/ perineum region |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the sum of all chemical reactions in the cell |
|
|
Term
| keratinized (stratified squamous epithelium) |
|
Definition
contain the protective protein keratin surface cells are dead and full of keratin
Location: epidermis |
|
|
Term
| scanning election microscopy (SEM) |
|
Definition
| heavy metal salt stain - deflects electrons in the beam to different extents 3D. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exact opposite of prophase, two nuclear envelopes form around material in opposite poles. 1 huge cell, cytoplasm is moving. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hard protein (epidermis)- location |
|
|
Term
| pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium |
|
Definition
nuclei lie at varying heights within cells (gives false impression of stratification)
function: secretion of mucus, propulsion of mucus by celia
Location: (non-ciliated) ducts of male reproduction tubes. large glands (ciliated) trachea, upper respiratory tract |
|
|
Term
| simple columnar epithelium |
|
Definition
single layer of column-like cells with oval nuclei, some have celia (hairs) at the apical surface, some contain goblet cells (mucus secretions)
function: absorption, secretions of mucus enzymes and other substances
Location: (non-ciliated) digestive track, gall bladder (ciliated) small bronchi, uterus, fallopian tubes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells as wide as tall, like cubes sphere nuclei |
|
|
Term
| mesothelium (simple squamous) |
|
Definition
(middle covering) lines peritoneal, pleural and pericardial cavities, covers visceral organs of those cavities.
functions: transports materials by passive diffusion and filtration. secretes lubricating substances in serosa (membranes)
Location: lungs, lining of heart |
|
|
Term
| simple cuboidal epithelium |
|
Definition
single layer of cube-like cells with large circular central nuclei
function: secretion and absorption
location: kidney tubes, secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body below.
example: the navel is inferior to the chin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells wider than tall, like a plate/disc nuclei |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| think nervous system, has nerves running through it. |
|
|
Term
| transmission electron microscopy TEM |
|
Definition
| uses beams of electrons (higher magnification) 2D |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lower epithelia (bottom/attached) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| top is always different than the bottom proteins are different, so top and bottom look different |
|
|
Term
| cytosol (cytoplasmic matrix) |
|
Definition
| jelly like fluid in which other cellular elementals are suspended, consists of water, ions and enzymes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| region of the thoracic cavity between the lungs; contains heart, thoracic, aorta esophagus and other structures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cut right down the middle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cranial cavity, vertebral cavity (spine) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sugar that produces energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| goes all the way through (integral membrane protein) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.
example: the elbow is proximal to the wrist. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| descending colon of large intestine, small intestine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| divides the body into anterior and posterior parts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a cut with a left and right parts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
between G1 and G2 phase where DNA replicates itself to ensure that daughter cells receive identical copies of the genetic material
cell spends 75% of its lifetime in inter-phase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| copy of the DNA, single sided code |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| master copy kept inside the nucleus, double stranded code for proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Skeletal muscles allows manipulation of the environment locomotion and facial expression, maintains posture, produces heat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proteins that direct chemical reactions in cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| messenger RNA, carries instructions to the ribosome's (translation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
away from the body surface, more internal
example: the lungs are deep to the skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
toward or at the back of the body, on the inner side of
example: the breast bone is anterior to the spine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heart outer membrane, pericardium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 23 pairs in human cell or 46 singles |
|
|
Term
| right hypochondriac region |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
attaches to the WBC's to help bacteria's
function: breaks things down |
|
|
Term
| what muscle has no nucleus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attached to the ROugh ER and makes membrane proteins or exports proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
on the same side
example: the right hand and right foot are ipsilateral |
|
|
Term
| what is a big cell that has a lot of ATP storage? How much ATP is stored? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sister chromatids cluster (DNA 23 pairs) they line up forming the metaphase plate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the powerhouse of the cell, takes the ATP oxygen and glucose to form energy. Contains their own DNA
function: energy production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to joints, the space between 2 bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| LARGEST CELL IN THE BODY, HAS 1/2 OF GENETIC MAKE UP OF ALL CELLS IN THE BODY |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sternal/sternum
axillary- armpit
mammary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| possesses long tail for swimming to the egg for fertilization. Carries 1/2 of all genetic make up for the egg. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluid filled cavities in rough ER |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| damage from products of cellular metabolism. radicals build up and damage essential molecules of cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
name the cephalic regions
anterior/ventral |
|
Definition
frontal
orbital
nasal
mental/chin |
|
|
Term
| unicellular exocrine glands |
|
Definition
produces mucin. when added to water it produces mucus. glycoprotein (sugar with protein) that dissolves in H2O to become slimy.
location: intestines, respiratory tubes, between columnar cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| building blocks for DNA, sugar + phosphate + base (sugar) forms DNA molecule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(nasal cavity pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus and lungs)
keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide; the gaseous exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs.
Purpose: gas exchange |
|
|
Term
| lower limbs (thighs down) |
|
Definition
coxal -hip side of pelvis
femoral - thigh, whole quadriceps
patellar - knee
popliteal - behind the knee
crural - leg
sural - calf
fibular or peroneal - side of fibula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
toward or at the back of the body; behind
example: the heart is posterior to the breastbone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body above
example: the head is superior to the ABD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chromosomes start moving to opposite poles (pulled apart), sister chromatids become chromosomes again. |
|
|
Term
| left iliac (inguinal) region |
|
Definition
| initial part of sigmoid colon, small intestines. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
overall function is production of offspring. testis produce sperm and male sex hormone ducts and glands aid in delivery of sperm to the female reproductive tract.
purpose: procreation
location: prostate gland, ductus deferens, penis, testis, scrotum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
forms the external body covering, protects deeper tissues from injury; synthesizes vitamin D, site of cutaneous (pain, pressure etc) receptors and sweat and oil glands
purpose: protection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a decrease in production of energy by mitochondria weakens and ages our cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| float in cytosol; make soluble proteins; functions in cytosol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| keeps cells in a sheet shape, holds 2 cells together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity, forms most glands
function: protection, absorption, secrets ions, ion transport, filtration, forms a slippery surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
main component of the nervous system; provides control
function: control |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
includes skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle
function: movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cell outer boundary
function: protection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ascending colon of large intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| visceral organs (viscera) all organs in the anterior cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the original and copied chromosomes link together its now called a sister chromatid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nuclear envelope breaks apart, centrosomes move to opposite poles and sends out micro tubules (spindle fibers) makes connections with chromosomes, attached by proteins centromeres (center of the sister chromatid original chromosomes and the copies are connected at the middle forming the centromere) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fast acting control system of the body responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.
purpose: control
location: brain, sensory receptor spinal cord, nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| false feet, part of plasma membrane and cytoplasm used to destroy cell debris and bacteria with the aid of lysosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell eating, most WBC's pseudo-pods (parts of plasma membrane and cytoplasm) protrude and flow around the bacteria or cell debris and engulf it to be broken down by enzymes of the lysosomes when they merge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| urinary bladder, appendix, small intestines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
scapular
vertebral - spine (middle)
lumbar - low back/ spine
sacral - between gluts
gluteal
perineal - between anus and external genitalia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| front of elbow, bend in the arm A/C |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stomach, part of the liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| center of cell where ribosomes are made |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| membrane folds in on itself; cuts off and makes 2 identical cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| illuminates tissue with a beam of light (lower magnification) 2D |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes, cyto skeletal elements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (Growth) G1 phase, the first part of interphase growth |
|
|
Term
| what is the small cell that has ATP storage? how much ATP does it store? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| skeletal and smooth muscle cells |
|
Definition
elongated and filled with actin and myosin (both proteins) contracts forcefully
function: cells that move organs and body parts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anything that causes an immune reaction (bad)kills things with cell walls. our cells have no walls
example: foreign molecule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smallest living units in our bodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
has long processes for receiving and transmitting messages
functions: a cell that gathers and sends information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when cytoplasm splits happens at the last phase of mitosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| micro-tubule organization center, puts proteins together then extends the rods. holds the centrioles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| upper forearm to the knee |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cephalic (posterior/dorsal) |
|
Definition
otic- ear
occipital - back of the head |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| not cells, have no walls, antibiotics do not work on viruses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| growth and final preparations for division. cytokinesis happens during this time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clavicles to bottom of pelvis (perineum region) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
on opposite sides
example: the right hand is contralateral to the left foot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| examining small structures through a microscope |
|
|
Term
| female reproductive system |
|
Definition
ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones remaining structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus. mammary glands of female breasts produce milk to nourish the newborn baby.
purpose: procreation
location: mammary glands in breasts, ovary, uterine tube, uterus, vagina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pollex - thumbs
palmar - palm
digital - fingers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| compounds that are used to fight bacteria cells, natural antibiotics in our body ( tears, skin, oils) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mechanism by which particles enter cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sheet of cells covering body surface or lining a body cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
acromial - top of shoulder
brachial
antecubital
olecranal - elbow
antibrachial - forearm
carpal - wrist |
|
|
Term
| right iliac (inguinal) region |
|
Definition
| cecum - blind - ended pouch at the beginning of the large intestine, part of the small intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell drinking ( samples extra cellular fluid [tastes]) to know whats going on outside |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protein fibers, most stable and permanent, help cells resist pulling forces. provides tensile strength; plays a role in linking cells together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| series of changes a cell goes through |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
similar to hyaline cartilage, more elastic fibers in matrix.
function: maintains shape of structure, allows great flexibility
locations: supports external ear, epiglottis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group of closely associated cells that perform related functions and are similar in structure and non living extra-cellular matrix - outside |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| between anus and external genitalia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
middle of centrosome
function: microtubule organization center |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sends electrical impulses (send and receive) proteins imbedded in the membrane allows this, skin cannot do this because it does not have the correct cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
shape is produced by large fat droplet in cytoplasm. also known as adipose
function: stores nutrients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lipids, DNA, RNA (big molecules) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| red blood cell- has no nucleus, born in bone marrow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prevents telomeres from degrading |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| membrane model, proteins determines cell functions (what it can do) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
phagocyte that moves through tissue to reach infection sites function: a cell that fights disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
glassy collagen fibers functions: supports and reinforces, cushions, resist repetitive stress location: fetal skeleton, end of long bones, costals (ribs) nose cartilage, trachea and the larynx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
parallel collagen fibers, fibroblasts and some elastic fibers, poorly vascularized function: attaches muscle to bone (tendons) attaches bone to bone (ligaments) location: around muscles, nerves, large vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
primarily irregularly arranged collagen fibers, some elastic fibers and fibroblasts function: withstands tension, structural strength location: dermis, submucosa of digestive tract, joints and organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
closely packed adipocytes pushed to one side by a fat droplet, richly vascularized (lots of blood) 18% of average persons mass functions: fuel, insulation |
|
|
Term
name the 3 dense connective tissue |
|
Definition
(C.T Proper) regular, irregular, and elastic |
|
|
Term
what is long and thin, rubber-like? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
made of collagen but allows more "give" than collagen fibers because they slide past one another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
immature cell, goes through mitosis a lot, highly active |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
fat that insulates and stores energy is called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
whip-like highly motile extensions of apical surface membranes |
|
|
Term
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Definition
like cilia, but longer, moves human cells, only human cell in the body with this is sperm |
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toward or at the body surface example: the skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles |
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protein made by our WBC's (good thing) helps fight against foreign things. some WBC make them, some target them for death |
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top of shoulders to the fingertips |
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cells are taller than they are wide, like columns (oval elongated nuclei) |
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cell has 3.5 billion rods in cytoplasm, they attach to proteins and send them from place to place, like a zipline |
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causes cancer if levels gets to high, if its missing an electron it will break bonds to get one |
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consists of tubules in a branching network; no ribosomes are attached therefore no protein synthesis; stores calcium, makes enzymes for lipid metabolism function: lipid metabolism |
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cells spend about 25% of their lifetime in mitotic phase cells divide during this stage; follows interphase |
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left hypochondriac region |
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diaphragm, spleen, part of stomach |
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calcified matrix containing many collagen fibers function: supports and protects organs |
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the diffusion of water across a membrane |
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composed almost entirely of cells function: characteristic of epilthelia |
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sheets of cells covering body surface or lining a body cavity - skin |
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stratified cuboidal epithelium |
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generally 2 layers of cube shaped cells function: protection locations: forms largest ducts of sweat glands and forms ducts of mammary and salivary glands |
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shipping center in the cell, sends proteins where it has to go in the body, modifies protein, adds a sugar etc. |
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between butt cheeks, hips and tailbone |
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keeps our cells safe from things |
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molecules move from a region where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated |
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away from the midline of the body on the outer side of
example: the arms are lateral to the chest |
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blood vessels transport blood which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes etc. the heart pumps blood
purpose: movement, transportation of blood, waste nutrients, oxygen
location: heart, blood vessels |
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the only protein the nucleus makes, 2 types, attached and free floating. site of protein synthesis
function: protein production |
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| building blocks for proteins, contains nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen |
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| transverse or cross section |
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| cuts into superior and inferior parts |
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| below the umbilical region |
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eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body, regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood
purpose: waste removal
location: kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra |
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breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood cells, indigestible food stuffs are eliminated as feces
purpose: nutrients
location: oral cavity, esophagus, liver, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus |
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toward or at the midline of the body on the inner-side
example: the heart is medial to the arm |
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| between two reference points |
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| folds things in the cell to make things fit |
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