Term
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Definition
| Needs a primer. Work 5'-3'. |
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Term
| Semiconservative DNA replication |
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Definition
| One new strand runs 5'-3', the other runs 3'-5'. |
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Term
| Synthesis of leadings and laggings. |
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Definition
| Leading is synthesized 5'-3' (up, here). The lagging strand would be 3'-5' if it was made going up so it's actually synth'ed using Okazaki fragments (1-3 kb) |
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Term
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Definition
| Made of RNA - can start from scratch. From the RNA primer, DNA polymerase extends and makes the Okazaki fragment 5'-3' (here it's down). |
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Term
| Removal of RNA primers, joining of Okazaki |
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Definition
| RNase H removes the primer, DNA fills the gap, DNA ligase seals the new Okazaki with the preceding Okazaki. |
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Term
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Definition
E. coli - leading strand = pol III, lagging strand = Primase, pol III.
Mammals - leading strand = pol epsilon, lagging strand = pol alpha/primase complex, pol delta. |
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Term
| Polymerase accessory proteins |
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Definition
| Clamp-loading protein (RPC) and Sliding Clamp (PCNA) load polymerase on end of primers and keeps it associated w/ template. |
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Term
| E. coli replicates how fast? |
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Definition
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Term
| Helicases and ssDNA-binding proteins |
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Definition
| Helicase unwinds, proteins bind to ssDNAs and keep them from reassociating. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cut either one or both strands temporarily to let DNA swivel during replication, preventing a coiled mess. |
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Term
| Model of E. coli replication. |
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Definition
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Term
| Error rate of DNA replication |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
H bonding: favors correct base pairing by 1 error per 10^2
Base selection by DNA pol: becomes 1 per 10^5.
DNA polymerase proofreading: becomes 1 per 10^7 or 10^8.
Mismatch repair: becomes <1 per 10^9 |
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Term
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Definition
| Wrong base won't bond smoothly, pol will backtrack and remove the wrong base using 3'-5' exonuclease, then continue. |
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Term
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Definition
| 245 bp area where initiator protein binds, RNA primers synth, helicase and ssDNA-binding proteins go to work, and replication starts happening from two ends creating a "bubble" of daughter strands. E. coli = 1 ori, humans = 1 ori per 50-100 kb. |
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Term
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Definition
| Start at points along strand and replicate from two ends until the bubbles join and the new strands completely split. |
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Term
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Definition
| Transform different sequences into plasmids, if the resulting cells can replicate with just the supplied sequence this shows that the sequence could replicate and is an ori. |
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Term
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Definition
| Oris are not defined when comparing sequences of eukaryotes so it's thought that the chromatin structure determines where an ori is (like how histones are dependent on chromatin). Epigenetic inheritance. |
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