Term
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Definition
| Yellow marrow of the medullary cavity of long and some short bones |
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Term
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Definition
| articular cartilage of synovial (diarthrotic) joints |
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Term
| All bone tissue is comprised of: |
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Definition
| specialized connective tissue |
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Term
| Dense irregular connective tissue |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Red marrow of the spongy (cancellous) bone |
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Term
| Dense regular connective tissue |
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Definition
| ligaments (bone to bone) and tendons (muscle to bone). |
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Term
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Definition
| contains the skull, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum |
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Term
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Definition
| contains the pectoral and pelvic girdles, and upper and lower limbs |
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Term
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Definition
-long bones
-short bones
-irregular bones
-flat bones |
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Term
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Definition
Longer than they are wide.
e.g. femur and humerus |
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Term
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Definition
Approximately as long as they are wide.
e.g. carpals and tarsals |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Functions of the skeletal system |
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Definition
-protection
-thermoregulation
-storage and release of calcium and phosphorus
-hematopoiesis
-skeletal muscle attachments |
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Term
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Definition
Relatively thin, have broad surface.
e.g. sternum and scapula |
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Term
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Definition
Have irregular and varied shapes.
e.g. vertebrae and most skull bones |
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Term
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Definition
| Cylindrical shaft of bone |
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Term
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Definition
Hollow inside of diaphysis.
-lined with endosteum
-yellow bone marrow |
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Term
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Definition
Ends of the bone.
-outside layer of compact bone surrounding spongy bone |
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Term
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Definition
| Hyaline cartilage on the epiphyses |
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Term
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Definition
Hyaline cartilage plate between diaphysis and epiphysis
-lengthwise bone growth
-epiphyseal line |
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Term
|
Definition
Dense irregular connective tissue that covers the outside of bone
-responsible for bone width growth
-perforating fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| bone stem cells that can undergo division and eventually become osteoblasts |
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Term
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Definition
| cells that build bone matrix and eventually become osteocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| cells that maintain bone matrix |
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Term
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Definition
| large cells that destroy matrix during remodeling processes |
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Term
| The two principal components of matrix |
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Definition
-collagen protein fibers
-mineral salts |
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Term
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Definition
| resist stretching forces; abundant bundles of aligned fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| resist compression forces; mainly calcium and phosphorus that form a hydroxyapatite crystalline structure |
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Term
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Definition
Outer covering on all bone types and the diaphysis of long and short bones.
Also known as cortical bone. |
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Term
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Definition
Confined to the inner portions of the epiphyses of long and short bones and the internal region of flat and irregular bones.
Also known as cancellous bone. |
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Term
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Definition
the structural and functional unit
of compact bone |
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Term
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Definition
1. Osteocytes
2. Lacunae
3. Canaliculi
4. Concentric lamellae
5. Haversian canal |
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Term
| Structures of cancellous bone |
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Definition
1. Osteocytes
2. Lacunae
3. Canaliculi
4. Lamellae (non-concentric) |
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Term
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Definition
| All structures are attached to bone and each other by enormous numbers of these collagen protein fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| The epiphyseal plate is known as this after complete growth plate closer in adults. |
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Term
| The two layers of the periosteum |
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Definition
-periosteum proper
-osteogenic layer |
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Term
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Definition
| Lines the medullary cavity and has similar features to the periosteum |
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Term
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Definition
| The formation of bone. Also called osteogenesis. |
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Term
| The two types of ossification processes |
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Definition
-Intramembranous Ossification
-Endochondral Ossification |
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Term
| Intramembranous ossification |
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Definition
| occurs in the flat bones of the skull and most of the clavicle |
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Term
| Endochondral ossification |
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Definition
| forms all of the bones in the body except the flat bones of the skull and most of the clavicle |
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Term
| The two types of bone growth |
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Definition
-Interstitial
-Appositional |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the increase in bone girth |
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Term
| Zone of resting cartilage |
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Definition
| This region is the farthest from the medullary cavity and consists of typical resting hyaline cartilage |
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Term
| Zone of cell proliferation |
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Definition
| Closer to the medullary cavity, this layer contains chondrocytes that actively divide and align themselves longitudinally |
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Term
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Definition
| Chondrocytes stop dividing and enlarge (i.e. undergo hypertrophy) |
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Term
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Definition
| Minerals are deposited into the matrix between columns of lacunae and calcify the cartilage |
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