Term
| What mammalian structure does the avian beak take the place of? |
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Definition
-Lips: to a certain extent to produce sound
-Teeth: replace the incisors on mammals for biting but not mastication
-Finger
-Hands |
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Term
| True or False: A bird with a badly deformed or damaged beak is VERY handicapped. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two components of the beak? |
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Definition
-bonds of the mandible
-keratin sheath: which may be composed of hard horn-like keratin or very soft keratin |
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Term
| What are the functions of the beak? |
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Definition
-food prehension: very specialized for feeding
-Food preparation: raptors pluck/dismember/eviscerate and seedcrackers open and remove edible parts
-object manipulation: nest construction, bone cracking, etc
-locomotion: parrots are escpecially good at this
-feather maintenance
-defense: raptors, storks, herons, parrots, birds cna inflict some serious and painful injuries |
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Term
| True or False: Beaks are surprisingly heavy. |
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Definition
| -FALSE, they are lightweight |
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Term
| Beaks are highly innervated. What are they sensitive to? |
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Definition
-heat
-cold
-pressure
-pain |
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Term
| Beaks have numerous mechanoreceptors called ______. Escpecially where geographically? |
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Definition
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Term
| Waterfowl have a very sensitive bill tip organ under the ______ of the beak. |
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Definition
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Term
| The horny sheath of the upper mandible is called the what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The horny sheath of the lower mandible is called the what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do the horny sheaths of the mandibles grow continuously? |
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Definition
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Term
| What keeps the beak horn from cracking? |
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Definition
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Term
| The more ______ the diet of the bird, the faster the beak grows. |
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Definition
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Term
| The entire beak horn is replaced approximately every _____ months in the large parrot. |
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Definition
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Term
| Beak abnormalities are caused by what? |
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Definition
-viral infections (not common)
-overgrowth (most common cause)
-fractures and punctures (common)
-malnutrition |
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Term
| True or False: A captive bird in a healthy environment should not need beak trimming very often. |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: Normal upper and lower beak growth is interdependent. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the typical raptor diet? |
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Definition
| -whole animals with bones and all |
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Term
| What kind of perches should raptors have? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-process of grinding down an overgrown beak of a raptor
-trim from inside curve |
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Term
| If there is a white streak down the beak what is it? |
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Definition
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Term
| In general, how are talons trimmed? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: It is impossible to loosen the grip of a large eagle. |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you do if a bird grips you arm? |
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Definition
| -le the bird hang from your fist or arm |
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Term
| How do you avoid a bird attaching itself to your arm? |
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Definition
| -wave a tree branch in the air |
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Term
| What are the functions of the pelvic limb in the bird? |
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Definition
-locomotion and weight support
-cushion the impact of landing and walking (need spring in their limbs)
-cathc hold and kill prey
-help regulat body temp through exposure and defecation on feet for evaporation
-preen parts of the body inaccessible to beak, like the head
-stabilize the control certain flight maneuves
-social signaling |
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Term
| What is the foot locking mechanism of the bird? |
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Definition
-birds have a ratchet mechanism in their digital flexor tendons and tendon sheaths
-birds weight passively flexes these tendons and the mechanism locks them on their perches |
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Term
| What are the bones of the pelvic limbs? |
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Definition
-femur
-patella
-fusied fibula
-tibiotarsus
-tarsometatarsus
-PI-IV |
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Term
| What causes pododermatitis? Common name? |
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Definition
-caused by repeated trauma to the metatarsal pads or punctures from the hallux which cause deep bacterial infections that are hard to cure
-bumblefoot |
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Term
| What makes a good captive raptor perch? |
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Definition
-mimic their natural perches, be hard enough to wear down the talons and beak and, have an irregular surface
-logs, rocks, and concrete with large aggregates
-astroturf or carpet could cause problems |
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