Term
| Conscious function and integration of CNS and cognitive abilities |
|
Definition
| Outer cerebrum or cerebral cortex |
|
|
Term
| How do drugs affect cortical function? |
|
Definition
| By altering the function of lower brain and spinal cord structures |
|
|
Term
| What are exceptions to drugs that affect cortical function indirectly? |
|
Definition
| Drugs that treat epilepsy- these are targeted directly |
|
|
Term
| What are the components of the basal ganglia? |
|
Definition
Caudate nucleus
Puramen
Globus pallidus
Lentiform nucleus
Substantia nigra |
|
|
Term
| What are the basal ganglia primarily involved in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the thalamus and hypothalamus located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the diencephalon do? |
|
Definition
Temp control
Appetite
Water balance
emotions via pituitary |
|
|
Term
| What does the mesencephalon or midbrain do? |
|
Definition
| Serves as a bridge between higher areas of the brain and brain stem |
|
|
Term
| What does the brainstem consist of? |
|
Definition
| Pons and medulla oblongata |
|
|
Term
| Where is the reticular formation located and what does it control? |
|
Definition
Located in the midbrain and brainstem
Controls consciousness and regulates arousal levels |
|
|
Term
| What does the cerebellum do ? |
|
Definition
| Plan and coordinate movement while integrating sensory with motor |
|
|
Term
| What does the limbic system do? |
|
Definition
| Controls emotion, motivation, sex drive, and aggression |
|
|
Term
| What types of drugs primarily affect the limbic system? |
|
Definition
| Antipsychotics and antianxiety |
|
|
Term
| What is the blood-CSF barrier? |
|
Definition
It's part of the choroid plexus and circumventricular barriers
It contains porous capillaries that allow proteins and molecules to pass freely into the immediate interstitial space
Diffusion is restricted by tightly fused ependymal cells |
|
|
Term
| What separates blood from brain interstitial fluid? |
|
Definition
| Capillary endothelial cells and astrocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lipid soluble via passive diffusion |
|
|
Term
| What cannot cross the BBB |
|
Definition
| Polar Non-lipid soluble substances |
|
|
Term
| How can polar, non-lipid soluble chemicals cross the BBB? |
|
Definition
Carrier mediated transport
facilitated diffusion
Active transport
Lipid diffusion |
|
|
Term
| Nerve impulses move across gap between two neurons via chemical neurotransmitters |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chemical substances that produce excitation or inhibition of neurons |
|
Definition
| Neurotransmitters (may be pre or post synaptic neuron receptors) |
|
|
Term
| 5 types of central neurotransmitters |
|
Definition
Others
Monoamines
Acetylcholine
Amino acids
Peptides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abundant in the cerebral cortex and plays role in cognition and memory |
|
|
Term
| Dopamine (monoamines) in basal ganglia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dopamine (monoamines) in the limbic system |
|
Definition
| Affects mood and behavior |
|
|
Term
| Where is norepinephrines secreted by neurons from? |
|
Definition
Local caeruleus
Performs disinhibition |
|
|
Term
| What is serotonin (5-HT)? |
|
Definition
It's in many areas of the brain
Mediates inhibition of pain
Controls mood and behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| What is gamma-aminobutyric acid? |
|
Definition
| It's the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain and spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| What is glutamate and aspartate? |
|
Definition
| Fake sugar that is excitatory and neurotoxic after CNS injury |
|
|
Term
| Which peptides are for metabolism? NVP |
|
Definition
Neuropeptide Y
VIP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide)
PACAP (pituitary adenylate cyclase- activating polypeptide) |
|
|
Term
| Which peptides are for antipain? |
|
Definition
Substance P
Endorphines
Enkephalins
Dynorphins
Galanin
Leptin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Generally: modify synaptic transmission in some way |
|
|
Term
| What are some mechanisms of how CNS drugs work? |
|
Definition
Pre-synaptic inhibition
Effects on neurotransmitters such as blocking synthesis, impairing storage, increasing release, blocking reuptake,inhibiting breakdown
Blocking post synaptic or presynaptic receptors
Blocking presynaptic auto receptors
affecting membranes |
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