Term
| cardiovascular (CV) system |
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Definition
| one of the two main components of the circulatory system along with the lymphatic system |
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Term
| primary functions of the circulatory system |
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Definition
1. Transport of blood and its components
2. Thermoregulation
3. Fighting infection
4. Exchange of gases (CO 2 and O 2 ) between the respiratory system and the tissues |
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Term
| principal components of the CV system |
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Definition
1. Heart
2. Blood vessels
3. Blood |
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Term
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Definition
| serous membrane surrounding and protecting the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| cardiac mm tissue comprising the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| endothelial lining lining protecting the chambers of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| Cardiac tissue is composed of these. The are autorhythmic and generate spontaneous depolarizations |
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Term
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Definition
| increase surface area contact between cardiomyocyte cells |
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Term
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Definition
| allow cytoplasm to flow between the cardiomyocye cells and are, therefore, electrically coupled to each other |
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Term
| Four principal heart chambers |
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Definition
R and L atrium
R and L ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| comprise the superior portion of the heart, are relatively thin-walled, and are separated from each other by a relatively thin-walled interatrial septum |
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Term
| Principle functions of atria |
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Definition
* a receptacle for blood entering to the heart
* region of the pacemaker (R atrium only)
* the production of a hormone that helps regulate blood volume |
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Term
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Definition
| comprise the inferior portion of the heart, are relatively thick-walled, and are separated from each other by a relatively thick-walled interventricular septum |
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Term
| Principle functions of the ventricles |
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Definition
* the principal pumping chambers to the lungs (pulmonary circuit)
* principal pumping chambers to the organ systems of the body (systemic circuit)
* the principal pumping chambers to the heart itself (cardiac or coronary circuit) |
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Term
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Definition
control the direction of blood flow
two atrioventricular (AV) valves and the two semilunar (SL) valves. These valves are composed of fibrous connective tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
-tricuspid
-bicuspid (commonly known as the mitrol valve)
located at the junction of the atria and ventricles on the R and L sides |
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Term
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Definition
| muscular extensions of the inner ventricular wall that control the atrioventricular valves |
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Term
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Definition
| Individual cusps to which the papillary muscles are attatched by connective tissue cords |
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Term
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Definition
-pulmonary
-aortic
located at the root of the pulmonary and aortic trunks, respectively |
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Term
| fibrous skeleton of the heart |
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Definition
| The valves, along with the connective tissue that holds these valves in place |
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Term
| pacemaker and conducting cells |
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Definition
| Specialized cardiomyocytes that initiate the spread of a wave of depolarization through the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| results in contraction of the heart chambers |
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Term
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Definition
| the contraction phase of the rhythmic contraction-relaxation phases |
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Term
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Definition
| results in relaxation of the heart chambers |
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Term
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Definition
| the relaxation phase of the rhythmic contraction-relaxation phases |
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Term
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Definition
| One complete contraction-relaxation phase, i.e. one heart beat |
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Term
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Definition
pacemaker of the heart initiates the cardiac cycle in the R atrium.
The pace can be modified by input from the ANS. |
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Term
| Atrioventricular (AV) node |
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Definition
| occurs near the junction of the R atrium and the ventricle near the interventricular septum. |
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Term
| Atrioventricular (AV) bundle (of His) |
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Definition
| a small bundle of fibers, that along with the AV bundle, help bridge the gap between the atrial and ventricular myocardia due to their separation by the fibrous skeleton. |
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Term
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Definition
| the AV bundle divides to form two bundles coursing within the thick interventricular septum toward the apex of the heart |
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Term
| Purkinje fibers (subendocardial branches) |
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Definition
| complete the cycle within the walls of the ventricles and papillary muscles. Their ends reach just up to the fibrous skeleton |
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Term
| electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) |
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Definition
| detects and measures the electrical conductivity through the heart |
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Term
| three distinct wave patterns of the cardiac cycle |
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Definition
-P wave
-QRS complex
-T wave |
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Term
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Definition
| represents atrial depolarization. That is, the deflection represents the electrical activity at the SA node and the depolarization of the atrial myocardium |
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Term
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Definition
| represents ventricular depolarization. That is the electrical activity of the AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers and the depolarization of the ventricular myocardium. |
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Term
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Definition
| represents ventricular repolarization. This is the recovery phase for the ventricular myocardium |
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Term
| Principle components of the vascular system |
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Definition
1. arteries (aa) and arterioles (a-oles)
2. veins (vv) and venules (v-ules)
3. capillaries (caps) |
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Term
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Definition
| tubes with a distinct wall structure and an internal space called the lumen |
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Term
| Layers of arteries and veins |
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Definition
1. tunica externa (adventitia) — this layer is composed of fibrous connective tissue
2. tunica media — this layer is composed of a single layer, or scattered cells, of smooth mm.
3. tunica intima — this layer consists of simple squamous e.t. |
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Term
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Definition
| fatty placque, and often calcium deposits, build up between the tunica intima and the tunica media |
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Term
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Definition
| brings deoxygenated blood back from the anterior heart wall |
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Term
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Definition
| brings deoxygenated blood back from the posterior heart wall |
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