Term
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Definition
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Term
| An outgroup branches off ___ than all other taxa. ___ are an example of an outgroup |
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Definition
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Term
| Phylogenetic trees can be based off ___ (five things). |
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Definition
| morphology, development, phsyiology, molecular data and behavior |
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Term
| A phylogenetic tress is parsimonious if ___. This is the concept of ___. |
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Definition
| it involves the fewest evolutionary events, Occam's razor |
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Term
| Sometimes parsimonious phylogenetic trees are incorrect due to homoplasies. An example of this is ___. |
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Definition
| how four chambered hearts developed independently in birds and mamals |
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Term
| The common ancestor of a group on a phylogenetic tree is positioned at the ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| A place where the phylogenetic tree branches split and lineages diverge is called a ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| The purpose of phylogenetic tree systematics is to designate taxonomic groups at all levels as the ___ in the tree of life. |
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Definition
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Term
| Monophyletic groups include ___. |
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Definition
| a common ancestor and all descendants |
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Term
| Paraphyletic groups include ___. |
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Definition
| A common ancestor and some, not all, of the descendants |
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Term
| Polyphyletic groups contain ___. |
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Definition
| descendants, but not a common ancestor |
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Term
| A clade is synonymous to a ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| If the history of Earth was on a month in a calendar, each day would represent ___ years. |
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Definition
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Term
| If the history of Earth was on a month in a calendar, life would appear on day ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| If the history of Earth was on a month in a calendar, humans would appear in the last ___ minutes of the last day, and recorded history would appear in the last ___ seconds of the last day. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are water molecules more closely packed in water than in ice, making water more dense? |
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Definition
| There is not sufficient energy for water molecules to break hydrogen bonds and move around in ice. |
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Term
| Ice is a ___ insulator; lakes and ponds do not ussually go below ___ degrees C. |
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Definition
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Term
| In 1976, two Viking landers on Mars discovered ___ (four elemental) ions on Mars, but did not find evidence of living organisms |
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Definition
| sodium, magnesium, potassium and chlorine |
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Term
| Phoenix et al. in 2008 found ___ under the surface of Mars. |
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Definition
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Term
| Life can be broken down into ___ (transmission of information) and ___ (transformation of energy and conversion to structure). |
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Definition
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Term
| Nucleic acids act as ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Proteins act as ___ (two things). |
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Definition
| structure and catalytic function |
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Term
| Lipids act as ___ (two things) |
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Definition
| an energy source, membrane structure |
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Term
| Carbohydrates act as ___ (two things). |
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Definition
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Term
| The prevailing theory is that chemical evolution ___ biological evolution. |
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Definition
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Term
| In DNA, hydrogen bonding occurs between ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Miller and Urey experiment showed that ___. |
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Definition
| simple chemical molecules could form complex ones over time |
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