Term
| What are three storage devices that hold the most promise? |
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Definition
| Batteries, flywheels and ultracapacitors |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The ratio of the power produced by an object to its mass |
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Term
| List 2 things that have a high specific power and high specific energy |
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Definition
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Term
| What is volumetric density? |
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Definition
| density based upon the volume of an object. |
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Term
| If something has both very low volumetric density and very low gravimetric density is it a good source of energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| If something has a very low volumetric density what do you need? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the annual electric bill? |
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Definition
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Term
| The electric grid power system consists of which 3 independent networks? |
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Definition
1. Eastern Interconnection
2. Western Interconnection
3. The Texas Interconnection |
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Term
| What is the electric grid? |
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Definition
| Network between power plants and the consumer of electricity. |
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Term
| What does the electric grid network contain? |
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Definition
| Power plants, transmission substations, high voltage transmission lines, substations and the consumer |
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Term
| What are the stages of the electric grid? |
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Definition
1. Electricity is generated at the power plant
2. Electricity then goes to a transmission substation where it passes through a transformer to increase voltage
3. Electricity may pass through several transformers before it can be used by consumers
4. Inaddition to the transmission station and the substation, smaller transformers are used nearer to the electricity's end use. |
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Term
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Definition
| A man made lake used for storing water. |
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Term
| Reservoirs are formed by what? |
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Definition
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Term
| List the 3 types of reservoirs |
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Definition
1. Valley reservoir
2. Bank-side reservoir
3. Service reservoir |
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Term
| What is a valley reservoir? |
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Definition
| The largest type; located in the narrow valley areas where tremendous amounts of water can be held |
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Term
| What is a bank-side reservoir? |
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Definition
| Formed when water is taken from a stream and is stored |
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Term
| What is a service reservoir? |
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Definition
| Made to store water for later use. Appear as water towers or elevated structures |
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Term
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Definition
| Air that is kept under a certain pressure which is usually greater than the atmosphere |
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Term
| What does CAES stand for? |
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Definition
| Compressed Air Energy Storage |
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Term
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Definition
| During nights and weekends air is pumped underground using low-cost electricity at pressures up to 1,078 pounds per square inch. In daytime, air is related and heated using a small amount of natural gas. The turbine generator then produces electricity when the heated air flows through it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Electromechanical devices which have plates usually metallic, and either a solution or a moist compound between the plates. The flow of electrons from the negative side of a plate into the other plate on the positive side due o a chemical reaction provides electricity. |
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Term
| What are the type types of batteries? |
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Definition
| Non-rechargeable and rechargeable |
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Term
| What are rechargeable batteries? |
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Definition
| Batteries that can be charged again. |
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Term
| What are non-rechargeable batteries? |
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Definition
| May sometimes contain chemical substances that absorb the waste byproducts and help the chemical reaction. These are called "alkaline batteries" |
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Term
| What is good about hydrogen? |
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Definition
| Environment friendly; as it burns it only released water vapor into the atmosphere |
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Term
| What is the problem with hydrogen? |
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Definition
| Needs to be stored like the other compressed gases. |
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Term
| What can be used to store hydrogen as fuel? |
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Definition
| A nonreactive noble gas called xenon when combined with hydrogen and other massive pressure gives rise to a solid which can be used to store hydrogen as a fuel. |
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Term
| What are ultra capacitors? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do ultra capacitors store charges? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| more expensive than batteries |
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Term
| How is energy stored in an ultra capacitor? |
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Definition
| Energy is stored via charge separation at the the electrode-electrolyte interface and they can withstand hundreds of thousands of charge/discharge cycles without degrading |
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Term
| How does an ultracapacitor work? |
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Definition
| It is a double-layer capacitor, polarizes an elecrolytic solution to store energy electrostatiscally |
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Term
| Is an ultra capacitor reversible? |
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Definition
| Yes, it allows charging and discharging to be done hundreds and thousands of times |
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Term
| What prevents the charge from moving between the two electrodes in an ultra capacitor? |
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Definition
| The presence of a dielectric separator between the two electrodes. |
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Term
| What can be seen as two nonreactive porous plates within an electrolyte with a large potential applied across the collectors? |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes the negative ions in the electrolyte flow towards the positive electrode in an ultra capacitor? |
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Definition
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Term
| In an ultra capacitor, the amount of charge stored is very large due to what 2 reasons? |
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Definition
1. The large surface area created by the porous carbon electrodes
2. The small charge separation created by the dielectric separator |
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Term
| Which can release energy faster: an ultracapacitor or a battery? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| any rotating disk installed to collect and supply energy to a given system by storing energy in the form of rotational kinetic energy |
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Term
| Who is currently working on several models of the flywheel energy storage system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are large companies testing to reduce brownouts? |
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Definition
| flywheel energy system that is charged during non peak hours so that is can provide during peak hours |
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Term
| The amount of energy stored is a flywheel is directly proportional to what? |
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Definition
1. The square of the radius.
2. The square of the angular velocity |
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Term
| List 2 forces that act on the flywheel. |
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Definition
1. Centrifugal force
2. Electrostatic Attraction |
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Term
| Humans on dependent on food which reflect 3 things: |
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Definition
1. Humans have certain requirements for nutrients
2. The development of agriculture an the domestication of animals
3. Hunting and foraging |
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Term
| When were cereals and domestic cattle, pigs, and sheep first raised? |
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Definition
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Term
| What allowed the rapid growth of the world population? |
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Definition
| The change in life-style towards the dependence on crops and domesticated animals |
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Term
| Thompson's study compared increased population with what? |
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Definition
| increases in world production of cereal grains and red meat (1950-1960) |
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Term
| What is food required for? |
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Definition
| Repairing our bodies, growth and movement, ceulluar metabolism |
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Term
| What are human energy requirements at rest? |
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Definition
| BMR (Basal metabolic rate) - needed for breathing, circulation, maintaining temperature, and heart rate |
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Term
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Definition
| breathing, circulation, maintaining temperature, and heart rate |
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Term
| What can MR be affected by? |
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Definition
| age, body mass, gender, fever, illness, or thyroid function |
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Term
| List 8 storage and transmission devices. |
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Definition
1. Electric Grid
2. Water Reservoirs
3. Compressed Air
4. Batteries
5 Hydrogen and other fuels
6. Ultra-Capacitors
7. Flywheel
8. Human and ANimal fat and muscle |
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