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| Bureaucratic Authoritarianism |
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| Radical neoliberal regimes that used coercion to suppress threats to capitalism, widening rich-poor gap. |
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| The justification, by radical regimes, of turning political opponents into military ones. |
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| Report conducted by the Alfonsin regime in the mid-1980s to investigate the "desaparecidos." |
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| Report by Arns and Wright documenting the accounts of over 17,000 victims of human rights abuses. |
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| 20th century Brazilian philosopher, author of "Pedagogy of the Oppressed" and proponent of "liberation theology." |
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| Political movement within the Catholic Church in the 1950s-60s to interpret Jesus' teachings through the experiences of the poor and oppressed. |
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| The period of rapid economic growth (and polarization of wealth) experienced during the military regimes of the late 1960s-70s. |
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| The final years of the military regime, 1979-1985, when repression of social groups and opposition parties was relaxed. |
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| President of Uruguay, 1903-1907, 1911-1915 |
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| A communist guerrilla movement in Uruguay in the 1960s-70s, named after Inca revolutionary Tupac Amaru II. |
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| Notorious destination for Uruguayan political prisoners, subject of attempted human rights investigations. |
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| Period during the 1960s-70s when private Western banks made sovereign debt agreements with Latin American nations, whose economies were temporarily surging. |
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| Period of the early 1980s when Latin American nations' foreign debt began to exceed output potential, and many were forced to default on loans. |
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| Refers to the economic stagnation in Latin America during the 1980s that resulted from the foreign loan crisis. |
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| Refers to policies that deregulate trade and enhance the role of the private sector in economic development. |
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| The North American Free Trade Agreement - the establishment of a trilateral trade bloc between Canada, the U.S. and Mexico, ratified in 1994. |
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| Manufacturing operations in a free-trade zone, usually involving U.S. firms sending raw goods to Mexico for assembly/processing duty-free. |
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| A revolutionary leftist movement originating in Chiapas, Mexico. They primarily seek libertarian freedom from state incursion into property rights. |
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| The main spokesman for the Zapatista movement. |
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| President of Venezuela, 1999-present, advocating socialist reforms and the "Bolivarian Revolution," close ally of the Castro regime in Cuba. |
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| President of Uruguay, 2005-2010, major proponent of social welfare reforms, member of the leftist Frente Amplio. |
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| President of Uruguay, 2010-present, philanthropist, member of leftist Frente Amplio. |
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| Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva |
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| President of Brazil, 2002-present, strong advocate of worker/union rights, wildly popular with citizens. |
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| President of Brazil, 2010-present, participated in socialist guerrilla movements in younger life, diverse political views, socially conservative, fiscally liberal. |
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| President of Argentina, 2003-2007, a justicialist, best known for attacking the amnesty of members of military regimes responsible for the desaparecidos. |
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| Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner |
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| President of Argentina, 2007-present, a justicialist, Peronist, advocating women's rights. |
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| President of Chile, 2006-2010, current head of UN Women, and a strong advocate of depolarization of wealth. |
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| President of Chile, 2010-present, wealthy businessman before taking office, term receiving lukewarm reviews thus far. |
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| Policy of the Kennedy administration, put into effect in 1961, to increase economic cooperation between U.S. and Latin America, resulting in tripling of aid to the region in one fiscal year. |
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| National Security Doctrine |
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| U.S. policy towards Latin America has revolved around Monroe Doctrine ideas of excluding other foreign actors, and maintaining trade and security control. |
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| Located at Ft. Benning, GA, WHINSEC is a U.S. government program that trained many Latin American military officers who participated in repressive regimes in the 1960s-80s. |
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| President of Chile, 1970-73, first Marxist elected in Latin America, promoted nationalization of industrial power. |
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| "The Chilean Road to Socialism" |
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| The broad name for the nationalization efforts of the Allende regime. |
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| President of Chile, 1973-1990, right-wing proponent of the free market, influenced by the neoliberal economic policies of the Chicago School. |
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| Period beginning with the election of former exile Juan Jose Arevalo to replace Ubico regime in Guatemala, characterized by social reforms, particular protections of workers' rights. |
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| President of Guatemala, 1944-54, popular among working class for social and economic reforms. |
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| The policy platform of President Arevalo of Guatemala, advocating land redistribution and workers' rights. |
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| President of Guatemala, 1951-54, strong advocate of land reform, ousted in a U.S.-organized coup. |
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| A 1952 policy of the Arbenz administration to redistribute large land holdings among local peasants. |
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| A Guatemalan military officer, figurehead of the CIA-led coup to oust Arbenz in 1954, and president until his assassination in 1957. |
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| President of Cuba, 1976-2008, leftist, anti-imperialist advocate, leader of the overthrow of the U.S.-backed Batista regime. |
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| An Argentine Marxist revolutionary, major leader of the Cuban revolution. |
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| The unsuccessful effort by U.S.-backed Democratic Revolutionary Front in Cuba to overthrow the Marxist Torrado regime. |
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| Political movement in many Latin American nations, centered on charismatic leadership, usually bringing about an urban working class, and reformist policies. |
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| President of Ecuador five times, influential populist, focused on development of infrastructure and public works. |
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| Colombian politician and presidential candidate until his assassination in 1948, charismatic populist, champion of workers' rights and unions. |
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| Presidential couple of Argentina, charismatic leaders, proponents of labor reforms and economic independence. Juan served from 1946-55 and 1973-4. |
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| Populist president of Brazil from 1930-45, 51-54, favoring centralized industrialization, known as the "Father of the Poor." |
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| Brazilian urban shantytowns, originating out of housing demand from impoverished African former slaves. |
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| Author of "Child of the Dark," a first-hand account of the life of Brazil's impoverished working class. |
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| Import-substituting Industrialization: Theory behind period of state-financed industrialization and growth of production in many Latin American nations during the 1950s-80s. |
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