Term
| Which species are carriers of B. bronchiseptica and so should not be housed in the same areas as guinea pigs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A goat that is staggering and kicking their belly most likely has which condition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Guinea pigs housed on wire floors may have inflamed, swollen, and painful feet due to infection with which organism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To prevent ruminants from suffering positional bloat during a surgical procedure, which measure is typically taken during the procedure? |
|
Definition
| Placement of a rumen tube |
|
|
Term
| Which term is used for the stones that can be found in the bladders of some cats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which agent has been identified as the cause of scaly skin disease in athymic nude mice? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Wild-caught animals are likely to carry which ectoparasites? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is an indication an animal has malocclusion? |
|
Definition
Weight loss
Wetness of the chin and forepaws
Excess salivation |
|
|
Term
| How is rabies most often transmitted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An early sign of infestation with mites, fleas, and ticks is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An early sign of infestation with mites, fleas, and ticks is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Once clinical signs are observed, rabies is almost always fatal. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment for diarrhea often includes anticholinergic and antisecretory drugs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common name for a gastric trichobezoar? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The use of antibiotics that are mainly effective against gram positive organisms should be avoided in guinea pigs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fleas do not infest reptiles. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Among all animals used in research, which are at the greatest risk for contracting rabies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Helicobacter spp. are most commonly diagnosed with which technique? |
|
Definition
| Polymerase chain reaction |
|
|
Term
| What clinical sign would suggest that young mice may have epizootic diarrhea of infant mice (EDIM)? |
|
Definition
| Yellow stains around the base of the tail |
|
|
Term
| Which system is primarily affected by Mycoplasma pulmonis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mycoplasma pulmonis is rarely seen among laboratory rats. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An immunodeficient mouse that has contracted mouse norovirus may have |
|
Definition
| pneumonia, hepatitis, and meningitis. |
|
|
Term
| Infection with Mycoplasma pulmonis can result in a severe head tilt. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Helicobacter bilus or Helicobacter hepaticus causes inflammatory bowel disease in SCID mice. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which statement about Corynebacterium bovis is FALSE?
It is highly virulent and persistent in the environment.
Chlorine dioxide is effective for decontamination of C. bovis.
It causes a hyperkeratotic dermatitis.
Transmission can be reduced by using microisolation-type caging. |
|
Definition
| Transmission can be reduced by using microisolation-type caging. |
|
|
Term
| Syphacia spp. can be detected by finding eggs on the perineum of the affected animal. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The female Aspiculuris tetraptera pinworm lays its eggs on the perineum; the Syphacia lays its eggs in the animal's colon. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epizootic diarrhea of infant mice (EDIM) that could affect research results?
Behavior abnormalities
Increased mortality
Reduced weight gain
Greater susceptibility to other infections |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sialodacryoadenitis is which type of virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most common method used to detect the presence of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) in a colony is serology testing of sentinels and colony animals. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mouse parvovirus causes severe diarrhea. |
|
Definition
| false, almost always subclinical |
|
|
Term
| Idiopathic ulcerative dermatitis is caused by protozoan infestation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adult mice infected with epizootic diarrhea of infant mice (EDIM) have watery, yellow stools. |
|
Definition
| false, Adult mice infected with EDIM show no clinical signs. |
|
|
Term
| Pododermatitis is also known by what name? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pasteurellosis is spread by which route(s) of transmission? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following causes coccidiosis?
Protozoa
Parvoviruses
A bacterial toxin
Pinworms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tyzzer's disease is effectively treated with sulfa drugs. |
|
Definition
| false There is no effective treatment for Tyzzer's disease. |
|
|
Term
5. Multiple Choice/Single Answer - select one answer
Which is the best method of preventing bumblefoot? |
|
Definition
| Use of clean, dry substrate |
|
|
Term
| Increased porphyrin secretion from the Harderian glands or high humidity causes which of the following problems in gerbils? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sore nose in gerbils is caused by which kind of pathogen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the best method of controlling pasturellosis in rabbits? |
|
Definition
| Purchase Pasturella-free rabbits. |
|
|
Term
9. Multiple Choice/Single Answer - select one answer
Which of the following statements regarding bacterial pneumonia in guinea pigs is true? |
|
Definition
| It is often associated with Bordetella bronchiseptica and Streptococcus pneumoniae. |
|
|
Term
| Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a zoonotic organism found in mice and hamsters. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which organ of the body are insulinomas found in ferrets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following clinical signs in NOT associated with Aleutian disease in ferrets?
Lethargy
Ocular discharge
Weight loss
Tremors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is the BEST way to prevent canine distemper in ferrets |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which statement is a correct summary of how aplastic anemia develops in female ferrets?
If females are bred to much younger males, estrogen levels increase rapidly and lymphocytes destroy the red blood cells.
If intact females are not allowed to breed, estrogen levels remain high and the imbalance affects the bone marrow.
If females are bred after the age of 5 years, estrogen levels are too low and breeding dangerously reduces hemoglobin levels.
Sterilized females have very low estrogen levels and, if housed with males, platelet levels rapidly decrease. |
|
Definition
| If intact females are not allowed to breed, estrogen levels remain high and the imbalance affects the bone marrow. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is a sign of canine distemper in ferrets?
Diarrhea
Anemia
Dyspnea
Ataxia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An ELISA test can be used to diagnose heartworm infection in dogs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are Dirofilaria immitis (heartworms) found in a dog's body? |
|
Definition
| Right atrium and pulmonary artery |
|
|
Term
| Cleaning and drying the ear canal should always be done for dogs with externa otitis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dogs suffering with parvovirus typically have a temperature of at least 40 degrees Celsius. |
|
Definition
| false,Puppies usually have a high body temperature, but older dogs do not. |
|
|
Term
| Medication that raises the pH of the urine is used to treat feline lower urinary tract disease. |
|
Definition
| false,Medication that lowers the pH of the urine is used to treat feline lower urinary tract disease. |
|
|
Term
| What is the condition in cats characterized by frequent, painful, or difficult urination; hematuria; and straining? |
|
Definition
| Feline lower urinary tract disease |
|
|
Term
| Excessive grooming in cats can lead to which of the following? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Radiographs are generally not useful in diagnosing tuberculosis in nonhuman primates. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which human virus is a retrovirus that is said to have its origin in nonhuman primates? |
|
Definition
| Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) |
|
|
Term
| An employee who works with nonhuman primates and has been exposed to measles outside of the facility should notify the animal facility supervisor as soon as possible. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| n most cases, nonhuman primates contract tuberculosis through contact with which of the following? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All personnel having contact with nonhuman primates should be vaccinated against which zoonotic contagious disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which zoonotic viral disease often remains asymptomatic in infected macaques and can be fatal in humans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nonhuman primates are highly susceptible to which zoonotic respiratory disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A bite kit in a facility housing primates should contain which of the following components? |
|
Definition
Viral culture swabs
Sample collection tubes
Disinfectant
Wound cleaning instructions
emergency room information card for Doctor |
|
|
Term
| Intradermal tuberculin testing is used to test nonhuman primates for tuberculosis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To test nonhuman primates for tuberculosis, the tuberculin is injected intradermally in which part of the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Laminitis is a condition affecting the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To reduce the chance of contracting orf, which precaution should always be taken by personnel handling sheep? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To reduce the chance of contracting orf, which precaution should always be taken by personnel handling sheep? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Coxiella burnetii can easily be eliminated from an animal facility by regular disinfection of the area where ruminants are kept. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a common cause of rumen stasis? |
|
Definition
| Sudden change in the diet |
|
|
Term
| Which ruminants present the greatest risk for transmitting Q-fever to humans? |
|
Definition
| Pregnant or postpartum females |
|
|
Term
| Orf usually affects humans on their: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is rumen stasis generally treated? |
|
Definition
| Administration of warmed saline and electrolytes |
|
|
Term
| Orf is also known as contagious erythremia. |
|
Definition
False,
Orf is also known as contagious ecthyma. |
|
|
Term
| Contagious ecthyma is a zoonotic disease that can be life threatening to humans. |
|
Definition
| false, usually causes a painful blister at point of infection that usually resolves in 7-10 weeks |
|
|
Term
| Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent for which disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Q fever is found only in sheep. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following symptoms may be due to infection with Pasteurella multocida?
Septicemia
Respiratory disease
Mastitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Humans with Q fever usually have conjunctivitis and blisters around their nose and mouth. |
|
Definition
| false,Q fever in humans may be asymptomatic or there may be mild symptoms resembling influenza. |
|
|
Term
| Pasteurellosis may cause septicemia, an infection of the bloodstream. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Q fever spreads mainly by inhalation of aerosol. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In rumen stasis, a change in the pH of the rumen results in what of feed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. True/False - select one answer
Porcine circovirus may be transmitted by the aerosol, fecal-oral, and contact routes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cause of malignant hypothermia in swine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which health problem would cause a pig to appear oblivious to its surroundings and to have seizures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following pathogens causes velvet disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ich is caused by which pathogen? |
|
Definition
| Ichthyopthirius multifilis |
|
|
Term
| Which disease causes lethargy and excessive mucus and white spots on the skin of fish? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which agent is associated with red leg in amphibians? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A bacterial septicemia that occurs frequently in frogs and that can cause erosion of the toes, feet, and jaws is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Atabrine and sea salt baths are used in the treatment of velvet disease in fish. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chytridiomycosis can lead to a loss of the righting reflex in affected amphibians. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following diseases of aquatic species is caused by a fungus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An infection with Pseudocapillaroides xenopi is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cutaneous capillariasis can be treated successfully with bactericidal antibiotics. |
|
Definition
| false,Cutaneous capillariasis can be treated successfully with anthelmintics. |
|
|
Term
| Which fish disease is also known as fin rot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Xenopus with hard bloat can be successfully treated with Epsom salt baths. |
|
Definition
| false, Xenopus with soft bloat can be successfully treated with Epsom salt baths. |
|
|
Term
| The difference between hard and soft bloat in amphibians is where the excess fluid is held in the body. |
|
Definition
| Yes, In hard bloat, the fluid is in the body cavity; in soft bloat, the fluid is within body tissues. |
|
|
Term
| What makes rabbits prone to blockages caused by hairballs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At necropsy, which finding is most likely in an animal infected by Mycoplasma pulmonis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which disease in fish is caused by a protozoan species? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for infectious tracheobronchitis in dogs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of medication may help eliminate signs of coccidiosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is NOT an effective treatment for insulinoma in ferrets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of virus is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which zoonotic agent can be harbored by hamsters for an extended period of time, often without clinical signs? |
|
Definition
| Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus |
|
|
Term
| What treatment is recommended for dogs diagnosed with canine parvovirus? |
|
Definition
| Intravenous fluids, antibiotics, and analgesics |
|
|
Term
| What is the causative agent of Tyzzer's disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Helicobacter spp. are most commonly diagnosed with which technique? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which disease is characterized by fish rubbing their sides and flipping around in the corners of the tank? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which disease causes lethargy and excessive mucus and white spots on the skin of fish? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which disease is often fatal in ferrets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Among all animals used in research, which are at the greatest risk for contracting rabies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The mouse norovirus is spread by which route of transmission? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is a clinical sign of coccidiosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes most of the illness of pasteurellosis in ruminants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which disease may result in the sudden death of large numbers of fish in the aquaria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the typical treatment for a ruminant with a severely distended, bloated abdomen? |
|
Definition
| Surgical incision of the rumen |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a major agent involved in feline respiratory disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which tissue type is used to test for mouse parvovirus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aplastic anemia can be caused by which of the following in female ferrets? |
|
Definition
| Bone marrow suppression from high estrogen levels |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common sign of infection with B virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is the BEST way to prevent canine distemper in ferrets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Orf mainly affects which animals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are Dirofilaria immitis (heartworms) found in a dog's body? |
|
Definition
| Right atrium and pulmonary artery |
|
|
Term
| Peridontal disease is a bacterial infection of the _______ and the accumulation of _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common disease of freshwater fish maintained in aquaria in institutional settings? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should be used to clear Clostridium pilliforme from equipment? |
|
Definition
| An antisporicidal sterilant |
|
|
Term
| Pseudocapillaroides xenopi is what type of organism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which term is used for the stones that can be found in the bladders of some cats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Insufficient dietary fiber in rabbits can cause which of the following? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following does NOT predispose a cat to be more likely to develop feline lower urinary tract disease?
A diet of mainly dry food
Little exercise
A diet containing taurine
Restricted access to water |
|
Definition
| A diet containing taurine |
|
|
Term
| Which mouse viral infection is considered the most widespread in facilities in the United States and Canada? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which fish disease is also known as fin rot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which swine disease can be prevented by vaccination? |
|
Definition
| Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus |
|
|
Term
| Which disease of rodents affects the salivary glands and the Harderian glands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common disease of freshwater fish maintained in aquaria in institutional settings? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bacterial gill disease (fin rot) is caused by |
|
|
Term
| Fin rot may be treated chemically with bathing affected animals in |
|
Definition
| chloramine T at 6-15 parts per million (ppm). |
|
|
Term
| the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Maintaining proper water quality and minimizing stress are the most important factors |
|
|
Term
| Pseudocapillaroides xenopia |
|
Definition
| common nematode found in the skin of Xenopus laevis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diagnosis should be confirmed by culture of Aeromonas, and the most common treatment is administration of bactericidal antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| Depending on the severity of the infection, clinical signs may not be apparent |
|
Definition
| Pseudocapillaroides xenopia |
|
|
Term
| Diagnosis is confirmed by taking skin scrapings or by euthanizing a frog and placing it under a dissecting microscope to look for small white nematodes or tunnels in the epidermis |
|
Definition
| Various anthelmintics, such as levamisole, may be used to treat frogs. |
|
|
Term
| Various anthelmintics, such as levamisole, may be used to treat frogs. |
|
Definition
| Various anthelmintics, such as levamisole, may be used to treat frogs. |
|
|
Term
| Various anthelmintics, such as levamisole, may be used to treat frogs. |
|
Definition
| Various anthelmintics, such as levamisole, may be used to treat frogs. |
|
|
Term
| is caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Infection with ??? causes thickening and ulceration of the amphibian’s skin affecting hydration, respiration, thermoregulation, and osmotic balance. This results in loss of righting and flight reflexes in affected animals, convulsions, and death |
|
Definition
| chytrid or Chytridiomycosis |
|
|
Term
| can be diagnosed via PCR of skin swabs and treated in the aquaria with bathing in Iitraconazole antifungal medication |
|
Definition
| chytrid or Chytridiomycosis |
|
|
Term
| Due to the highly infectious nature frogs suspected of carrying this disease should be quarantined. |
|
Definition
| chytrid or Chytridiomycosis |
|
|
Term
| Bloating in Xenopus may be caused by two types of bloat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the body seems “hard” and floats at the top of the tank, it may have an |
|
Definition
| internal bacterial infection with Aeromonas hydrophila |
|
|
Term
| hard bloat . The “hardness” is caused by a distention of the body cavity by fluid, a condition known as |
|
Definition
| dropsy.The infection may be treated with an antibiotic, but is usually fatal. |
|
|
Term
| bloat, where the frog swollen with fluids within body tissues (known as edema) due to a metabolic disorder of the liver and kidneys affecting water balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To cure ----bloat, frogs may be bathed in Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate) to reduce their fluid levels as Xenopus are salt tolerant. This form of bloat may be due to overstocking in the aquaria, improper diet, or poor water quality. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an opportunistic pathogen that attacks fish when poor water quality or overfeeding conditions exist or when fish are stressed. |
|
Definition
| Bacterial gill disease (fin rot) |
|
|
Term
| This disease causes skin discoloration and erosive lesions, and is diagnosed by microscopic exam or culturing the lesions. |
|
Definition
| Bacterial gill disease (fin rot) |
|
|
Term
| disease can be prevented by maintaining good water quality, avoiding overcrowding and not feeding fish before transport |
|
Definition
| Bacterial gill disease (fin rot) |
|
|
Term
| how many different species of Mycobacterium are found in aquaria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There is no effective antibiotic treatment for fish infected with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This pathogen is resistant to many commonly used bactericidal agents at standard dosage rates, including chlorine bleach and quaternary ammonium compounds, so disinfection of housing systems is difficult. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This chronic disease can be subclinical or cause symptoms such as lethargy and some deaths, especially in immunocompromised fish |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prevention is aided by removing sick and dying fish from the tank, as it is thought to be spread through cannibalism of dead tank mates. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is a zoonotic agent which can cause nonhealing granuloma ulcers on the skin in humans. For this reason, it is recommended that staff always wear disposable gloves when working with fish; gloves should be non-powdered, and the exterior surface of the gloves should be wet before touching the fish. Always wash your hands when your procedures are done. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is caused by the flagellate Piscinoodinium pillulare which affects the skin and the gills |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| It is often present in aquaria, but only becomes a problem when the fish are stressed. Affected fish develop a velvety film on the skin that resembles gold- or rust-colored dust, particularly on the fins and gills. This film is easiest to see when the beam of a flashlight is directed on the fish in a darkened room |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fish may remain near the water surface and have labored breathing. Treatments are atabrine (an antimalarial drug) plus sea salts. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This nematode Pseudocapillaria tomentosa is an endoparasitic worm that enters the gut and causes wasting disease in fish. It may also cause intestinal cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diagnosis is usually by histological examination for severe chronic inflammation and the presence of the nematode |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anthelmintics are effective in removing this parasite from fish and tank water. The best method of preventing this is to ensure fish are obtained from SPF suppliers and that new animals are quarantined. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is the most common disease of freshwater fish maintained in aquaria in institutional settings. It is caused by the intracellular fungal parasite Pseudoloma neurophilia, which is a microsporidium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Affected animals may show emaciation and spinal curvature. Diagnosis of this is performed by histological analysis, particularly for spores. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| may be treated with fumagillin (an antifungal) and by ensuring all water systems are exposed to ultraviolet light sterilization before recirculation. Bleaching embryos and removal of any sick or emaciated fish from the system can help control this parasite. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is also known as white spot disease for the skin nodules it causes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is also known as white spot disease for the skin nodules it causes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| It is caused by the ciliate protozoa Ichthyophthirius multifilis. It has a similar life cycle to Piscinoodinium; but rather than parasitizing the skin, it infests the epithelium and the gills |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fish infected have excessive mucus and white spots on the skin, and they are lethargic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diagnosis should be confirmed with microscopic examination of the skin or gills in which the protozoa are visible and should be treated using repeated dilute (1: 5,000) formalin baths until fish are clear of parasites. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the water in the fish tank is supersaturated with excess gas, the fish absorb these dissolved gases through their gills. Supersaturation of air dissolved in the system water can cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Severe damage is caused as the gases come out of solution, creating bubbles in the bloodstream and throughout the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sudden death of large numbers of fish may be the only sign. Fish may show gill hemorrhages; open mouth respiration (gaping); protruding eyes; or small gas bubbles in the cornea of the eyes, surface of the scales, fins, or gills. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment is limited to eliminating the source of supersaturation, which may be caused by air injection at a leaky pipe. |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| The bacterial populations necessary to detoxify the ammonia waste normally take 4 to 8 weeks to grow large enough to be effective. If a large number of fish are placed into a new system before the bacterial population is established, the ammonia level will quickly rise to toxic amounts, killing large numbers of fish. A similar situation occurs if a low-stocked system suddenly receives an overwhelming number of new fish |
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Definition
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Term
| Prevention involves seeding a new system with a small number of fish before fully stocking the tank, which supplies the necessary bacteria and the ammonia waste to feed the bacteria. The fish population should be gradually increased to the full stocking level over several weeks |
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Definition
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