Term
|
Definition
| the most influential association dedicated to the struggle against British rule; composed of prominent Hindus and Muslims at first in collaboration with the British before the war then later in opposition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| developed a technique of passive resistance; succeeded in transforming the Indian National Congress from an elitist institution into a mass organization; launched |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a moral philosophy of tolerance and non violence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the British retaliated to the boycotts with arrest; then use violence--> colonial troops fired on an unarmed crowd killing 379 demonstrators. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| British parliament gave India Institutions of a self-governing state. the legislation allowed to the establishment of autonomous legislative bodies in the provinces of British India, the creation of a bicameral national legislature and the formation of an executive arm under the control of the British government |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| led by Muhammad Ali. Separate nationalist organization founded in 1906 that focused on the needs Indian Muslims. [warned that a unified India represented nothing less than a threat to the Muslim faith and its Indian Community. Instead proposed 2 separate states: the land of the Pure---> Pakistan] |
|
|
Term
| Mukden Incident [Manchuria] |
|
Definition
| Japanese troops used explosives to blow up a few feet of rail on the Japanese-built south Manchuria railway north of Mukden then accused the Chinese of attacking their railroad. became the pretext the for the war between Japanese and Chinese troops. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proclaimed a Chinese republic in 1912 and assumed office as the president led the guomindang; basic ideology called for elimination of special privileges for foreigners, national reunification, economic development, and a democratic republican government based on universal suffrage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A former teacher and librarian who viewed a marxist inspired revolution as the cure for Chinas problems. Emerged as the leader of the CCP during the long March; came up with a form of Marxist-Lenninism [Maoism] grounded in the conviction that peasants rather than urban proletarians were the foundation for a successful revolution in China. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nationalists People's party. CCP made up 1/3 of the membership until the new leader Jiang Jieshi took over and started turning against the allies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Communist way of escape; to avoid annihilation 85,000 troops and auxiliary personnel of the Red Army began legendary 10,000 kilometer march to Yan'an |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| characterized by the exchange of raw materials or cash crops for manufactured goods from abroad [specifically in Africa] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| colonialism prompted the emergence of this new African social class; were high ranking civil servants, physicians, lawyers, and writers who had studied abroad in western Europe or the U.S. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| became leader of the Nationalist Movement in Kenya; attended various schools in Europe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| African nationalism originated in the western hemisphere among the descendants of slaves; should unite across national lines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thought all Africans as members of a single race and who promoted the unification of all people of African descent into a single African State |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in Latin America, a more subtle form of imperial control, refers to foreign economic domination, as well as military and political intervention, in states that have already and achieved independence from colonial rule; ruled by Great Britain and the U.S. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| famous Mexican artist; who painted murals that reflected the turmoil and shifting political sensibility taking place during the Great war and its aftermath. political activist. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Taft wanted businesses to develop foreign markets through peaceful commerce and believed that expensive military intervention should be avoided as much as possible. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dictator president who turned the nation into an estado novo [new state]; ruling with the backing of a the military but without the support of the landowning elites; embarked on a program of industrialization that created new enterprises. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dictator president who turned the nation into an estado novo [new state]; ruling with the backing of a the military but without the support of the landowning elites; embarked on a program of industrialization that created new enterprises. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| guaranteed U.S. financial control in the Caribbean economies of Haiti and the Dominican Republic; the U.S. Marines provided training for the indigenous police forces to keep the peace and maintain law and order [franklin D. Roosevelt] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| guaranteed U.S. financial control in the Caribbean economies of Haiti and the Dominican Republic; the U.S. Marines provided training for the indigenous police forces to keep the peace and maintain law and order [franklin D. Roosevelt] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| guaranteed U.S. financial control in the Caribbean economies of Haiti and the Dominican Republic; the U.S. Marines provided training for the indigenous police forces to keep the peace and maintain law and order [franklin D. Roosevelt] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| over the course of 2 months, Japanese soldiers raped 7000 women, murdered hundreds of thousands of unarmed soldiers and civilians, and burned 1/3 of the homes; had a sense of racial superiority because of the war. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the invasion and conquest of Ethiopia by Italy infuriated nonrevisionists because of the broken peace and because of the amount of force they used to take over Ethiopia [under Mussolini] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the Europeans gave in to the demands of Hitler in exchange for the Munich agreement [was a failure] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the French governments extracted a promise that Hitler would cease further efforts to expand German territorial claims; to keep the Peace in Europe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Germany moved into Poland unannounced and subdued them within a month [lightning war and sudden victory] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Germans showered bombs on the heavily populated cities and killed many Europeans.Germans unsuccessful. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hitler ordered the invasion of the Soviet Union. organized their largest and most powerful invasion force in history, yet underestimated the soviet personell reserves and industrial capacity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| September Germans vs. Russians in June fighting on the streets of the city {the Russians held them until they could counterattack} |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Except for U.S. aircraft carriers, which were out of the harbor at the time, American naval power in the pacific was devastated because U.S. froze Japanese assets and imposed a complete embargo on oil, gave them an ultimatum to give in or go to war. [started wwII] |
|
|
Term
| Great East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere |
|
Definition
| Japan pursued expansion in Asia claimed that they would lead Asian peoples to independence from the despised European imperialists. In this struggle for Asian independence, Japan required the regions resources arguing that it was necessary. [just the Japanese name for their empire] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| U.S. troops landed on the French coast of Normandy and overwhelmed the Germans. German resistance faded after the U.S. and Britain continuously and strategically bombed Normandy German Surrendered unconditionally & Hitler committed suicide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the turning point in the Pacific war. the victory was accomplished by the code-breaking operation known as Magic which enabled a cryptographer to discover the plan to attack Midway. U.S. Intercepts and attack the Japanese fleet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the final blow, August 6 & 9, 1945 when the U.S. used its revolutionary new weapon, the atomic bomb against the Japanese cities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Nazi regime and its accomplices had physically annihilated millions of jews, slavs, Gypsies, homosexuals, Jehova’s Witnesses, communists, and others targeted as undesirables. Became genocide that nearly wiped out the Jewish population |
|
|
Term
| Einsatzgruppen [action squads] |
|
Definition
| the Nazis dispatched 3,000 troops in mobile detachments to kill entire populations of Jews and Gypsies and many non Jewish Slavs in the newly occupied territories |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the largest camp where at least 1 million jews perished: killed “more efficiently” through the use of fast acting gassing agents and by enlarging the gas chambers and tricking the Jews into the gas chambers. Created large crematories to incinerate the bodies of gassed Jews and hide the evidence of their crimes. |
|
|
Term
| Yalta and Potsdam Conferences |
|
Definition
| 2nd wartime conference between the allied leaders. Stalin ensured that the Red Army’s presence would dictate the future of states liberated by the Soviets 3rd & final wartime conference Truman initiated the pro-capitalist, pro-democracy stance of the U.S. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| crystallized the new U.S. perception of a world divided between free and enslaved peoples. the U.S. committed itself to an interventionist foreign policy, dedicated to the containment of communism, which meant preventing any further expansion of Soviet influence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aka the European Recovery Program, proposed to rebuild European economies to forestall Soviet influence in the devastated nations of Europe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a supranational organization dedicated to keeping world peace. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| division of the European continent into competing political, military, and economic blocs; one depending on the U.S and the other subservient to the USSR |
|
|
Term
| Berlin Blockade [airlift] |
|
Definition
| The Soviets retaliated by blockading all road, rail, and water links between Berlin and Western germany. then decided that the western powers had violated wartime agreements and announced that the 4 power administration of Berlin was no longer in effect. Then the Americans and British responded with an airlift designed to keep the city's inhabitants fed and warm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| U.S. Alliance [North Atlantic Treaty Organization.] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Russian Alliance [warsaw Treaty Organization] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Determined to unify Korea by force the Pyongyang regime ordered more than one hundred thousand troops in a successful surprise attack. The U.S. was convinced the attack was sanctioned by the USSR, so they went into South Korea to help push North Koreans back, they later sensed an opportunity to unify Korea under a pro-U.S. government so they pushed on into North Korea. Threatened Chinese interests so they issued a warning that the U.S. clearly paid no attention to, so they sent troops into North Korea, a combined force of Chinese and North Koreans pushed the U.S. forces and their allies back in the South |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The U.S. government extended military protection and economic aid to only the noncommunist governments of Asia to bolster them against communism. followed the domino theory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leader who made Cuba communist. Overthrew Zaldivar, whose regime had gone to great lengths to maintain the country’s traditionally subservient relationship with the U.S. Denounced “Yankee Imperialism” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Castro allowed the soviets to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba as a deterrent to any future invasion
-In response Kennedy delivered a public ultimatum calling on the Soviets to withdraw all missiles from Cuba and stop the arrival of additional nuclear armaments.
-The Soviet leader agreed to Kennedy’s demand that he withdraw missiles on the condition that the U.S. pledge not to invade Cuba and Kennedy promised him that the U.S. Missiles in Turkey would be removed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Written in 1963 by Betty Friedan laid bare the unhappiness of women who presumably enjoyed the best life the U.S. could offer. referred to women as an oppressed class and argued for “women’s liberation” |
|
|
Term
| Martin Luther King Jr. [1929-1968] |
|
Definition
| Led the Montgomery bus boycott |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Soviet satellite launched [1st ever] into space on October 4th 1957. Provoked competition and panic among U.S. citizens and politicians. |
|
|
Term
| Charles deGaulle [1890-1970] |
|
Definition
| regarded subservience to U.S. authority and unqualified support for U.S. global objectives intolerable, because he believed that France could never regain great power status if it depended on security on U.S. military protection. focused on disengagement from the U.S. dominated NATO and the development of an independent nuclear strike force |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1st challenge to the warsaw pact, he had a military so they let him go. Stalin expelled Yugoslavia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the most serious challenge to Soviet Control. Hungary embraced the process of de-Stalinization, large numbers of Hungarian citizens demanded democracy and the breaking of ties to Moscow and the Warsaw Pact |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A reduction in hostility between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.
Tried to cool the costly arms race and slow their competition in developing countries, however didn’t resolve the deep seated antagonism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the U.S extended aid to noncommunist Vietnamese in the south as a way of countering the influence of communists who had installed themselves in the north.In the face of such a stalemate as well as mounting U.S. casualties, militant protests against the U.S. role in Vietnam spread in the U.S., signaling a public distancing from U.S. cold war policy. caused internal dissatisfaction, so Nixon promised to withdraw leaving the war in the hands of South Vietnamese |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the Soviet backed government was highly unpopular, and a national resistance movement spread throughout the country. war lasted 9 years, Afghanistan gradually gained control, with help from U.S and others. led to a full soviet withdrawal in 1989 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Soviet leader who represented an effort to address economic deterioration
-tried to save the Soviet Union from disintegration by restructuring the economy and liberalizing society. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Czechoslovakia: entailed little violence Swept communists out of office and restored democracy by 1990. disagreements over the time frame for shifting to a market economy led to the “velvet divorce” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| perestroika [restructuring] to describe Gorbachev’s efforts to decentralize the economy. glasnost--> the opening of Soviet society to public criticism and admission of past mistakes. |
|
|
