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| a horizontal line in the place of bedding expressed as a compass direction. |
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| represented as a direction and an angle. |
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| angle between a horizontal plane and a bedding plane. (measured in degrees). |
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| compass direction in which the layer is inclined from horizontal (90 degrees from strike) and is given as the "down dip" direction. |
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| occurs when rocks bend, forming Folds. |
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| occurs when rocks break, forming Faults. |
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| bent or folded rocks at convergent plate boundaries. |
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| fractures in the Earth's crust along which displacement has occurred; rocks break under stress in any tectonic environment. |
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| the plane along which the rock or crusted material has fractured. |
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| the rock material which lies above the fault plane. |
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| the rock material which lies below the fault plane. |
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| amount of movement along a fault. |
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| movement is predominantly vertical (some lateral). Characterized by upwards or downwards. |
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| raised by the fault block bounded by 2 normal faults. |
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| lowered fault black bounded by 2 normal faults. |
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| high angle faults in which the sense of displacement is horizontal in that it is parallel to the strike of the fault plane. Occurring along transform boundaries, crust is conserved. |
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| movement of the opposite block is to the right. |
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| movement of the opposite block is to the left. |
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| imaginary plane that divides a fold into 2 equal halves. |
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| trace of the axial plane on the Earth's surface. |
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| horizontal beds are modified by simple step-like folds. |
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Up-arched strata with the limbs dipping away from center.
Bed gets older toward the center. |
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Troughs with the limbs dipping toward the center.
Beds get younger toward the center of the fold. |
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| a fold without a mirror image in respect to the axial plane. |
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| one of the limbs is overturned (upside down) |
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| fold axis plunges into the ground. |
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An up-arched series of strata with beds on all sides dipping away from the center.
Rocks become progressively younger away from the center of the structure. |
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A down-arched series of strata with beds on all sides dipping towards the center.
Rocks become progressively older away from the center of the structure. |
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| a very large body of intrusive igneous rock, usually granite, that has been exposed by erosion of the overlying rock. |
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| A sheet-like body of igneous rock that cuts across layering or contacts in the rock into which it intrudes. |
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| develop when parallel listric normal faults on either side of a block develop. The block becomes tilted instead of dropping down as in a graben. |
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| a low angle normal fault --generally has greater displacements. |
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| a normal fault with a curved fault trace. They often merge into a detachment fault. |
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| a dormal uplift of intensely metamorphosed and plutonic rocks overlain by a tectonically detached, less metamorphosed cover. |
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| ephemeral desert creeks are common in the southwest desert. |
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| The caldera in Saguaro West was carried on a detachment fault many miles to the southwest to its present location. |
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| a large body of intrusive igneous rock that solidified within the crust. |
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| >100>10 km2 masses of igneous rocks. |
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| occurs when corners of a rock weather faster causing the rocks to become rounded. |
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| forms when boulders are perched in precarious positions. |
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| similar to spheroidal weathering, but on a larger scale . Large curved sheets or slabs of rock peel off. |
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| a bend in a strike slip fault in which extension causes a graben to form. (called a pull apart basin.) |
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| a bend in a strike slip fault in which compression causes mountain building. The faults associated with these are usually not exposed at the surface. (Called blind thrusts.) |
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| an outspread sedimentary deposit that forms in an arid or semi-arid region where a stream issues from a narrow canyon onto a plain or valley floor. |
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| cemented gravels originally deposited on alluvial fans. |
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| a steep slope or cliff formed directly by movement along a fault and representing the exposed surface of the fault before modification by erosion and weathering. |
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| resembles a wine glass in that they have a narrow canyon at the base and wider canyon further up slope. Alluvial fan is at the base. |
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