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| smallest of the muscle bundle |
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| compact bone tissue is composed of repeating structural units called |
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| series of rings of matrix material of increasing size |
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| concentric rings of matrix within small open spaces called |
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| tiny canal-like openings called |
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| intramembranous ossification |
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| bone growth within loose, fibrous connective tissues) |
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| endochondral ossification |
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| bone growth at the epiphyseal plate is essentially just a continuation of the process of endochondral ossification |
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| cartilage cells undergo mitosis |
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| older cartilage cells enlarge |
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| matrix become calcified; cartlage cells die; matrix begins deteriorating |
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| new bone formation is occuring |
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| Osteoclasts are involved in the process of bone resorption. During this process, these multinucleated cells release both acids and enzymes which breakdown the organic and inorganic components of bone matrix. |
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| immune cells which help to protect the body from substances that are able to penetrate into the epidermis |
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| Merkel cells are associated with sensory nerve endings. Together with these nerve endings, Merkel cells form sensitive touch receptors called Merkel disks |
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| From deep to superficial, the strata of the epidermis are the stratum basale, the stratum spinosum, the stratum granulosum, the stratum lucidum (which is only found in thick skin) and the stratum corneum |
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| A single row of cells directly adjacent to the dermis which are constantly undergoing mitotic division. These mitotic cells produce millions of new cells daily, and as new cells are produced, older cells are pushed towards the skin’s surface. Additionally, melanocytes within this layer produce melanin which is then delivered to more superficial cell layers |
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| Several cell layers immediately superficial to the basal layer. These cells continue to divide, but more slowly than cells within the stratum basale. |
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| A thin layer of cells which contain large amounts of the protein keratin. As cells progress towards the superficial side of the stratum granulosum, they begin to die as they become too far from their nutritional source located within the dermis below. |
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| A very thin layer of dead keratinocytes present only in thick skin |
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| The most superficial layer of the epidermis which consists of twenty to thirty layers of flattened, dead keratinocytes |
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| superficial layer of the dermis and consists of areolar connective tissue |
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| contains an extensive network of tiny blood vessels which supply the avascular epithelial tissues of the epidermis with nutrition |
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| stretch-sensing receptors |
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| comparison of the concentration of dissolved material in a solution, relative to the concentration of dissolved material within the cells in that same solution |
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| If the liquid portion of a solution contains the same amount of dissolved material as do the cells within that solution |
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| When the liquid portion of a solution contains a greater amount of dissolved material than do the cells within that solution |
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| if the liquid portion of a solution contains less dissolved material than do the cells within that solution |
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