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| displacement (talking about things and events not present), productivity (ability to use the rules of ones language to create new expressions) and cultural transmission (learning language) |
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| a basic feature of language; transmission through learning. learned behaviors |
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| the scientific study of spoken language |
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| a set of words and distinctions that are particularly important to certain groups. e.g types of snow to eskimos and skiers |
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| subdivision of linguistics that studies language over time. languages that descend from other languages |
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| theory that different languages produce different ways of thinking e.g masculine and feminine in spanish and french |
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| study of relationships between social and linguistic variation. study of language and its social context |
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| homsky's hypothesis of a single grammatical system which is transmitted genetically and accounts for the ability of all normal humans to learn and speak their native language |
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| symbolic domination Issues: Differences between primate call systems in the wild and language |
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| primate call systems does not begin to approach the complexity of language. The natural communication systems of other primates( monkeys and apes) are call systems which have a limited number of sounds. they are much less flexible than language because they are automatic and cant be combined |
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| ape use of language in labs vs. human language |
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| apes were able to practice productivity, displacement and cultural transmission |
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| grammars and lexicons of particular languages shape perception, thought; |
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| Phonology (the study of speech sounds) focuses on sound contrasts (phonemes) that distinguish meaning . The grammars and lexicons( dictionary containing there meanings or morphemes) can lead the speaker to perceive and think in certain was |
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| sociolinguistic investigations of relationship between social and linguistic variation |
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| only when features of speech acquire social meaning are they limited. if they are valued they will spread, people vary there speech, shifting styles and dialect |
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| linguistic forms take on the power of the groups they symbolize , yet it mis represents prestige speech as being better.e.g the linguistic insecurity felt by black low class is a result of symbolic demonination |
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| connection of language and power and social divisions |
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| salvage linguistics – efforts to preserve threatened languages (1/2 of remaining languages) and why important |
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| Harrison records the last speakers of endangered languages striving to preserve language. called "Ednuring voices Project". because when we lose a language, we lose centuries of thinking about time, seasons, mathematics, landscapes, myths, music, the unknown and the everyday" |
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