Term
Anatomy & Physiology
mouth |
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Definition
| opening through which food passes into the body |
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Term
Anatomy & Physiology
palate |
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Definition
| separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity |
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Term
Anatomy & Physiology
soft palate |
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Definition
| posterior portion, not supported by bone |
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Term
Anatomy & Physiology
hard palate |
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Definition
| anterior portion, supported by bone |
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Term
Anatomy & Physiology
uvula |
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Definition
| soft V-shaped mass that extends from the soft palate. Directs food into the throat |
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Term
Anatomy & Physiology
pharynx, throat |
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Definition
| performs the swallowing action that passes food from the mouth to the esop |
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Term
Anatomy & Physiology
esophogus |
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Definition
| 10-inch tube that extends from the pharyx to the stomach |
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Term
Anatomy & Physiology
stomach |
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Definition
| J-shaped sac that mixes and stores food. It secretes chemicals for digestion and hormones for local communication control |
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Term
Anatomy & Physiology
cardia |
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Definition
| area around the opening of the esophogus |
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Term
Anatomy & Physiology
fundus |
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Definition
| uppermost domed portion of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| central portion of the stomach |
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Term
Anatomy & Physiology
pylorus |
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Definition
| lower part of the stomach that connects to the small intestine |
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Term
Anatomy & Physiology
antrum |
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Definition
| portion of the pylorus that connects to the body of the stomach |
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Term
Anatomy & Physiology
pyloric sphincter |
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Definition
| ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and the duodenum |
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Term
Anatomy & Physiology
small intestine |
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Definition
| 20-foot canal extending from the pyloric sphincter to the large intestine |
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Term
Anatomy & Physiology
duodenum |
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Definition
| first 10-12 inches of the small intestine |
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Term
Anatomy & Physiology
jejunum |
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Definition
| second portion of the small intestine, approximately 8 feet |
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Term
Anatomy & Physiology
ileum |
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Definition
| third portion of the small intestine, approximately 11 feet long, which connects with the large intestine |
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Term
Anatomy & Physiology
large intestine |
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Definition
| canal that is approximately 5 feet long and extends from the ileum to the anus |
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Term
Anatomy & Physiology
cecum |
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Definition
| blind U-shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine |
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Term
Anatomy & Physiology
colon |
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Definition
| next portion of the large intestine, The colon is divided into four parts: ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon |
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Term
Anatomy & Physiology
rectum |
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Definition
| remaining portion of the large intestine, approximately 8 to 10 inches long, extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus |
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Term
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Definition
| sphincter muscle at the end of the digestive tract |
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Term
Anatomy & Physiology
salivary glands |
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Definition
| produce saliva, which flows into the mouth |
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Term
Anatomy & Physiology
liver |
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Definition
| produces bile, which is necessary for the digestion of fats. The liver performs many other functions concerned with digestion and metabolism |
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Term
Anatomy & Physiology
bile ducts |
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Definition
| passageways that carry bile: the hepatic duct is a passageway for bile from the liver, and the cystic duct carries bile from the gallbladder. They join to form the common bile duct, which conveys bile into the duodenum |
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Term
Anatomy & Physiology
gallbladder |
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Definition
| small, sac-like structure that stores bile |
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Term
Anatomy & Physiology
pancreas |
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Definition
| produces pancreatic juice, which helps digest all types of food and secretes insulin for carbohydrate metabolism |
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Term
Anatomy & Physiology
peritoneum |
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Definition
| serous sac lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities |
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Term
Anatomy & Physiology
appendix |
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Definition
| small pouch, which has no known function, attached to the cecum |
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Term
Anatomy & Physiology
abdomen |
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Definition
| portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis |
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Definition
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Combining Form
choledoch/o |
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Definition
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Term
Combining Form
diverticul/o |
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Definition
| diverticulum, or blind pouch, extending from a hollow organ |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| hernia, or protrusion of an organ through a membrane or cavity wall |
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Terms Built from Word Parts
appendicitis |
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Definition
| inflammation of the appendix |
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Term
Terms Built from Word Parts
cholangioma |
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Definition
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Term
Terms Built from Word Parts
cholecystitis |
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Definition
| inflammation of the gallbladder |
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Term
Terms Built from Word Parts
choledocholithiasis |
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Definition
| condition of stones in the common bile duct |
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Term
Terms Built from Word Parts
cholelithiasis |
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Definition
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Term
Terms Built from Word Parts
diverticulitis |
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Definition
| inflammation of the diverticulum |
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Term
Terms Built from Word Parts
diverticulosis |
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Definition
| abnormal condition of having diverticula |
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Term
Terms Built from Word Parts
esophagitis |
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Definition
| inflammation of the esophagus |
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Term
Terms Built from Word Parts
gastritis |
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Definition
| inflammation of the stomach |
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Term
Terms Built from Word Parts
gastroenteritis |
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Definition
| inflammation of the stomach and intestines |
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Term
Terms Built from Word Parts
gastroenterocolitis |
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Definition
| inflammation of the stomach, intestines, and colon |
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Term
Terms Built from Word Parts
gingivitis |
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Definition
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Term
Terms Built from Word Parts
hepatitis |
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Definition
| inflammation of the liver |
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Term
Terms Built from Word Parts
hepatoma |
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Definition
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Term
Terms Built from Word Parts
palatitis |
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Definition
| inflammation of the palate |
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Term
Terms Built from Word Parts
pancreatitis |
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Definition
| inflammation of the pancreas |
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Term
Terms Built from Word Parts
peritonitis |
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Definition
| inflammation of the peritoneum |
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Term
Terms Built from Word Parts
polyposis |
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Definition
| abnormal condition of (multiple) polyps (in the mucous membrane of the intestine, especially the colon, high potential for malignancy) |
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Term
Terms Built from Word Parts
proctoptosis |
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Definition
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Term
Terms Built from Word Parts
rectocele |
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Definition
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Term
Terms Built from Word Parts
sialolith |
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Definition
| stone in the salivary gland |
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Term
Terms Built from Word Parts
uvulitits |
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Definition
| inflammation of the uvula |
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Term
Terms not Built from Word Parts
adhesion |
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Definition
| abnormal growing together of two surfaces that normally are separated. This may occur after abdominal surgery; surgical treatment is called adhesiolysis or adhesiotomy |
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Term
Terms not Built from Word Parts
anorexia nervosa |
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Definition
| psychoneurotic disorder characterized by a prolonged refusal to eat, resulting in emaciation, amenorrhea in females, and abnormal fear of becoming obese. It occurs primarily in adolescents |
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Term
Terms not Built from Word Parts
bulima nervosa |
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Definition
| an eating disorder involving gorging with good, followed by induced vomiting or laxative abuse (binging and purging) |
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Term
Terms not Built from Word Parts
cirrhosis |
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Definition
| chronic disease of the liver with gradual destruction of cells, most commonly cause by alcoholism |
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Term
Terms not Built from Word Parts
Crohn's disease |
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Definition
| chronic inflammation, usually affects the ileum, although it can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. It is characterized by cobblestone ulcerations along the intestinal wall and the formation of scar tissue and may cause obstruction. It is also called regional iletis or regional enteritis |
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Term
Terms not Built from Word Parts
duodenal ulcer |
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Definition
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Term
Terms not Built from Word Parts
gastic ulcer |
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Definition
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Term
Terms not Built from Word Parts
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) |
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Definition
| the abnormal backward flow of the gastrointestinal contents into the esophagus, gradually breaking down the mucous barrier of the esophagus |
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Term
Terms not Built from Word Parts
ileus |
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Definition
| obstruction of the intestine, often caused by failure of peristalsis |
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Term
Terms not Built from Word Parts
intussusception |
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Definition
| telescoping of a segment of the intestine |
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Term
Terms not Built from Word Parts
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) |
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Definition
| periodic disturbances of bowel function such as diarrhea and/or constipation usually associated with abdominal pain |
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Term
Terms not Built from Word Parts
peptic ulcer |
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Definition
| another name for gastric or duodenal ulcer |
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Term
Terms not Built from Word Parts
polyp |
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Definition
| tumor-like growth extending outward from a mucous membrane. Usually benign, common sites are in the nose, throat, and intestines |
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Term
Terms not Built from Word Parts
ulcerative colitis |
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Definition
| inflammation of the colon with the formation of ulcers. The main symptom is diarrhea-as many as 15-29 stools per day. An ileostomy may be performed to treat this condition |
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Term
Terms not Built from Word Parts
volvulus |
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Definition
| twisting or kinking of the intestine, causing intestinal obstruction |
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Term
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
abdominoplasty |
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Definition
| surgical repair of the abdomen |
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Term
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
anoplasty |
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Definition
| surgical repair of the anus |
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Term
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
antrectomy |
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Definition
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Term
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
appendectomy |
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Definition
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Term
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
celiotomy |
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Definition
| incision into the abdominal cavity |
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Term
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
cheliorrhaphy |
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Definition
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Term
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
cholecystectomy |
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Definition
| excision of the gallbladder |
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Term
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
choledocholithotomy |
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Definition
| incision into the common bile duct to remove a stone |
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Term
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
colectomy |
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Definition
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Term
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
colostomy |
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Definition
| artificial opening into the colon |
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Term
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
diverticulectomy |
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Definition
| excision of a diverticulum |
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Term
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
enterorrhaphy |
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Definition
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Term
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
esophagogastroplasty |
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Definition
| surgical repair of the esophagus and the stomach |
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Term
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
gastrectomy |
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Definition
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Term
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
gastrojejunostomy |
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Definition
| creating of an artificial opening into the stomach |
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Term
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
gastrostomy |
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Definition
| creation of an artificial opening into the stomach |
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Term
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
gingivectomy |
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Definition
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Term
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
glossorrhaphy |
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Definition
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Term
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
hemicolectomy |
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Definition
| excision of half of the colon |
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Term
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
herniorrhaphy |
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Definition
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Term
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
ileostomy |
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Definition
| creation of an artificial opening into the ileum through the abdominal wall |
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Term
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
laparotomy |
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Definition
| incision into the abdomen |
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Term
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
palatoplasty |
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Definition
| surgical repair of the palate |
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Term
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
polypectomy |
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Definition
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Term
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
pyloromyotomy |
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Definition
| incision into the pyloric muscle |
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Term
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
pyloroplasty |
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Definition
| surgical repair of the pylorus |
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Term
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
uvulectomy |
|
Definition
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Term
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
uvulopalatopharyngoplasty |
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Definition
| surgical repair of the uvula, palate, and pharynx |
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Term
Surg. Terms not Built from Word Parts
abdominoperineal resection (A&P resection) |
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Definition
| removal of the colon and rectum through the abdominal and perineal approaches. Performed to treat colorectal cancer and inflammatory diseases of the lower large intestine |
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Term
Surg. Terms not Built from Word Parts
anastomosis |
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Definition
| surgical connection between two normally distinct structures |
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Term
Surg. Terms not Built from Word Parts
vagotomy |
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Definition
| cutting of certain branches of the vagus nerve, performed with gastric surgery to reduce the amount of gastric acid produced and thus reduce the recurrance of ulcers |
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Term
Procedural Terms Built from Word Parts
cholangiogram |
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Definition
| x-ray image of bile ducts |
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Term
Surg. Terms not Built from Word Parts
cholecystogram |
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Definition
| x-ray image of the gallbladder |
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Term
Surg. Terms not Built from Word Parts
colonoscope |
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Definition
| intrument used for visual examination of the colon |
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Term
Surg. Terms not Built from Word Parts
colonoscopy |
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Definition
| visual examination of the colon |
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Term
Surg. Terms not Built from Word Parts
endoscope |
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Definition
| instrument used for visual examination within a hollow organ |
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Term
Surg. Terms not Built from Word Parts
endoscopy |
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Definition
| visual examination within a hollow organ |
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Term
Surg. Terms not Built from Word Parts
esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
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Definition
| visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum |
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Term
Surg. Terms not Built from Word Parts
esophagoscope |
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Definition
| instrument for visual examination of the esophagus |
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Term
Surg. Terms not Built from Word Parts
esophagoscopy |
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Definition
| visual examination of the esophagus |
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Term
Surg. Terms not Built from Word Parts
gastroscope |
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Definition
| instrument used for visual examination of the stomach |
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Term
Surg. Terms not Built from Word Parts
gastroscopy |
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Definition
| visual examination of the stomach |
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Term
Surg. Terms not Built from Word Parts
laparoscope |
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Definition
| instrument used for visual examination of the abdominal cavity |
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Term
Surg. Terms not Built from Word Parts
laparoscopy |
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Definition
| visual examination of the abdominal cavity |
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Term
Surg. Terms not Built from Word Parts
proctoscope |
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Definition
| instrument used for visual examination of the rectum |
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Term
Surg. Terms not Built from Word Parts
proctoscopy |
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Definition
| visual examination of the rectum |
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Term
Surg. Terms not Built from Word Parts
sigmoidoscope |
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Definition
| instrument used for visual examination of the sigmoid colon |
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Term
Surg. Terms not Built from Word Parts
sigmoidoscopy |
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Definition
| visual examination of the sigmoid colon |
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Term
Proced. Terms not Built from Word Parts
barium enema |
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Definition
| series of x-ray images taken of the large intestine after a barium enema has been administered |
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Term
Surg. Terms not Built from Word Parts
Upper GI series |
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Definition
| series of x-ray images taken of the stomach duodenum after barium has been swallowed |
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Term
Surg. Terms not Built from Word Parts
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) |
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Definition
| radiographic examination of the bile pancreatic ducts using contrast medium and endoscopy |
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Term
Surg. Terms not Built from Word Parts
endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) |
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Definition
| a procedure using an endoscope fitted with ultrasound probe that provides images oflayers of the intesinal wall. |
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Term
Surg. Terms not Built from Word Parts
helicobacter pylori |
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Definition
| a blood test to determine the presence of H. pylori bacteria. The bacteria can be found in the lining of the stomach and can cause duodenal ulcers. |
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Term
Surg. Terms not Built from Word Parts
fecal occult blood test |
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Definition
| a test to detect occult blood in feces. It is used to screen for bowel cancer. |
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Term
Complement. Terms Built From Word Parts
abdominal |
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Definition
| pertaining to the abdomen |
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Term
Complement. Terms Built From Word Parts
abdominocentesis |
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Definition
| surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdominal cavity |
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Term
Complement. Terms Built From Word Parts
anal |
|
Definition
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Term
Complement. Terms Built From Word Parts
aphagia |
|
Definition
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Term
Complement. Terms Built From Word Parts
colorectal |
|
Definition
| pertaining to the colon and rectum |
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Term
Complement. Terms Built From Word Parts
dyspepsia |
|
Definition
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Term
Complement. Terms Built From Word Parts
dysphagia |
|
Definition
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Term
Complement. Terms Built From Word Parts
gastrodynia |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Complement. Terms Built From Word Parts
gastroenterologist |
|
Definition
| a physician who studies and treats diseases of the stomach and intestines |
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Term
Complement. Terms Built From Word Parts
gastroenterology |
|
Definition
| study of the stomach and intestines |
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Term
Complement. Terms Built From Word Parts
gastromalacia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Complement. Terms Built From Word Parts
glossopathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Complement. Terms Built From Word Parts
ileocecal |
|
Definition
| pertaining to the ileum and cecum |
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|
Term
Complement. Terms Built From Word Parts
nasogastric |
|
Definition
| pertaining to the nose and stomach |
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|
Term
Complement. Terms Built From Word Parts
oral |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Complement. Terms Built From Word Parts
pancreatic |
|
Definition
| pertaining to the pancreas |
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|
Term
Complement. Terms Built From Word Parts
peritoneal |
|
Definition
| pertaining to the peritoneum |
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|
Term
Complement. Terms Built From Word Parts
proctologist |
|
Definition
| physician who studies and treats diseases of the rectum |
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Term
Complement. Terms Built From Word Parts
proctology |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Complement. Terms Built From Word Parts
rectal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Complement. Terms Built From Word Parts
stomatogastric |
|
Definition
| pertaining to the mouth and stomach |
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Term
Complement. Terms Built From Word Parts
sublingual |
|
Definition
| pertaining to under the tongue |
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Term
Complem.Terms not Built from Word Parts
ascites |
|
Definition
| abnormal collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
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Term
Complem.Terms not Built from Word Parts
diarrhea |
|
Definition
| frequent discharge of liquid stool |
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Term
Complem.Terms not Built from Word Parts
dysentery |
|
Definition
| disorder that involves inflammation of the intestine associated with diarrhea and abdominal pain |
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Term
Complem.Terms not Built from Word Parts
feces |
|
Definition
| waste from the digestive tract expelled from the rectum |
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Term
Complem.Terms not Built from Word Parts
flatus |
|
Definition
| gas in the digestive tract expelled through the anus |
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Term
Complem.Terms not Built from Word Parts
gastric lavage |
|
Definition
| washing out of the stomach |
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|
Term
Complem.Terms not Built from Word Parts
gavage |
|
Definition
| process of feeding a person through a nasogastric tube |
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Term
Complem.Terms not Built from Word Parts
hematemesis |
|
Definition
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Term
Complem.Terms not Built from Word Parts
nausea |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Complem.Terms not Built from Word Parts
peristalsis |
|
Definition
| involuntary wave-like contractions that propel food along the digestive tract |
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|
Term
Complem.Terms not Built from Word Parts
reflux |
|
Definition
| abnormal backward flow. In esophageal reflux, the stomach contents flow back into the esophagus |
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|
Term
Complem.Terms not Built from Word Parts
vomit |
|
Definition
| matter expelled from the stomach through the mouth |
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|
Term
Abbreviations
A&P resection |
|
Definition
| abdominoperineal resection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gastrointestinal reflux disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uvulopalatopharyngoplasty |
|
|
