Term
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Definition
| The study of the form and shape of the body and body parts. also the study of their relationship |
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Term
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Definition
| Study large body structures |
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Term
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Definition
| hen a magnifier or microscope is used to look at parts of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of how the body and its parts fuctions |
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Term
| Two sub divisions of physiology |
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Definition
Neurophysiology- nervous system
Cardiac physiology- function of the heart |
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Term
| How do anatomy and physiology connect? |
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Definition
-Always related. Body is a well-organized unit and each part has a job to do to keep the body working.
-Structure determines what function can take place |
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Term
Structural Level-
Chemical level |
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Definition
simplest level
-Atoms combine to form molecules and molecules associate in specific ways to form cells |
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Term
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Definition
| tiny building blocks of matter |
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Term
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Definition
| smallest unit of living things |
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Term
Structural Level-
Cellular level |
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Definition
| Cells vary widely in size and shape and reflect their functions in the body |
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Term
Structure Level-
Tissue level
Define tissue |
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Definition
| Consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function |
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Term
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Definition
| Epithelial, connective, muscular, and neural |
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Term
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Definition
| structure that is composed of two or more tissue types and performs a specific function for the body |
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Term
Structure Level-
Organ level |
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Definition
| extremely complex functions become possible |
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Term
Structure Level-
Organ system |
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Definition
| group of organs that cooperate to accomplish a common purpose |
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Term
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Definition
-highest level of structure
-made up of organ systems |
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Term
Structure level
-Organismal level |
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Definition
| is the organism and made up of organ systems |
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Term
Organ systems-
Integumentary System |
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Definition
Def. External Covering of body
Functions-
-waterproofs body and protects the deeper tissues from harm
-excretes sweat to regulate body temperature
- Receptors (temp. pressure, and pain) in skin alert us to what is happening to our body surface |
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Term
Organ system-
Skeletal system |
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Definition
Def.- Consists of bones, cartilages, ligaments, and joints
-Supports body and creates framework that muscles use to cause movement
-protects
-Homeostasis goes on within skeleton
-Stores minerals |
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Term
Organ system-
Muscular system |
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Definition
- Muscles contract and shorten to create movement
-Movement of the body is caused by skeletal muscles- muscles attached to bones
-Create heat |
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Term
Organ system-
Nervous system |
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Definition
Def.- Fast acting control system
-Consists of brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors
-Sensory receptors detect changes and use nerve impulses to notify the central nervous system of what is going on at all times.
-Nervous system asses and then performs correct action |
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Term
Organ system-
Endocrine System |
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Definition
-Releases hormones that travel to distant target organs
-Regulate processes such as growth reproduction, and nutrient use by cells |
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Term
Organ system-
Lymphatic system |
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Definition
-Return fluid leaked from blood to the blood vessels so blood can be continuously circulating
-Lymph nodes help to cleanse the blood and house immunity cells |
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Term
Organ systems-
Cardiovascular system |
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Definition
-Heart and blood vessels
-Using blood it carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, to and from the tissue cells where exchanges are made |
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Term
Organ system-
Respiratory system |
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Definition
| -keeps body supplied with oxygen and releases carbon dioxide |
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Term
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Definition
-Break down food and deliver the products to the blood for dispersal to the cells
-Undigested food leaves body in form of feces
-Puts water into the body |
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Term
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Definition
-Removes nitrogen-containing wastes from the body as urine
-Balance level of electrolytes |
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Term
| 8 things to maintain life |
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Definition
-Boundaries
-move-respond to environmental changes
-take in and digest nutrients
-metabolism
-dispose of wastes
-reproduce
-grow |
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Term
| Purpose of maintaining boundaries |
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Definition
Insides remain distinct from outsides
-Human body is enclosed by a membrane that allows needed substances in and keeps dangerous substances out
-Skin is the biggest boundary as a whole |
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Term
Maintaining Life
-Movement |
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Definition
-Includes all the activities promoted by the muscular system
-Ex. muscles move bones to propel body or manipulate objects
-Movement also includes blood, food, and urine being propelled though organ systems |
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Term
Maintaining Life
-Responsiveness |
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Definition
-Ability to sense changes in the environment and then to react to them
-Nervous system responsible for this |
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Term
Maintaining Life
-Digestion |
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Definition
| -Process of breaking down ingested food into simple molecules that can be absorbed into the blood for delivery |
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Term
Maintaining Life
-Metabolism |
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Definition
-Broad term that refers to all chemical reactions that occur within body cells
-Depends on digestive and respiratory system to make nutrients and oxygen available to the blood
-depends on cardiovascular to distribute
-Regulated by hormones |
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Term
Maintaining Life
-Excretion |
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Definition
| -Process of removing wastes from the body |
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Term
Maintaining life
-Reproduction |
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Definition
-Production of offspring
-Two versions of this the cellular or organismal
-Cellular refers to making cells for growth and repair in the body
-Organismal refers to making a whole new person |
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Term
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Definition
-Increase in size
-Cell-constructing activities must occur faster than cell destroying ones |
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Term
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Definition
| water, oxygen,nutrients, appropriate temperature, atmospheric pressure |
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Term
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Definition
-Taken in via diet
-Contain chemicals used for energy and cell building
-Carbs and fat(little) are essential to cell building
-Minerals and vitamins are required for the chemical reactions that go on in cells and for oxygen transport |
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Term
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Definition
-Chemical reaction that releases energy from foods require oxygen
-Made available to blood through efforts of respiratory and cardiovascular systems |
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Term
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Definition
-Accounts for 60-80% of body weight
-Base for secretions and excretions
-Obtained through ingested foods and lost through evaporation or excretion |
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Term
Maintaining Life
-Body Temperature |
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Definition
-Maintained around 98 degrees
-Anything below or above can cause death |
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Term
Maintaining Life
-Atmospheric Pressure |
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Definition
| -Breathing depends on atmospheric pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| -Body's ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world is continuously changing |
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Term
| Role Endocrine and nervous system play in Homeostasis |
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Definition
| -Use electrical signals delivered by nerves as info carriers |
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Term
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Definition
-Type of sensor that monitors and responds to changes in the environment
-Responds to stimuli by sending info to control center along the afferent pathway |
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Term
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Definition
-Information to the brain
(Remember information approaches on afferent pathway) |
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Term
| Define control center (relating to homeostasis) |
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Definition
| -Determines the level at which a variable is to be maintained, analyzes the info it receives and then determines the response or course of action |
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Term
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Definition
-Mean for the control centers response
-Info travel to the effector along efferent pathway (remember info exits on efferent pathway) |
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Term
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Definition
| -Tries to reduce effect of stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| -As we age our bodies find it harder to keep the balance |
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Term
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Definition
| -As we age our bodies find it harder to keep the balance |
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Term
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Definition
| Standard diagram of the body when its described |
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Term
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Definition
| Used by medical personnel and anatomists to explain where one body part is in relation to another |
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Term
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Definition
| imaginary line where the body is cut |
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Term
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Definition
| body is divided into the left and right side |
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Term
| Define midsagittal or median section |
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Definition
| If the left and right parts that are cut are equal |
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Term
| Define frontal section or coronal section |
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Definition
| Body is divided into anterior and posterior |
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Term
| Define Transverse section or cross section |
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Definition
| Body is divided into inferior and superior parts |
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Term
| Dorsal body cavity is divided into two subdivisions... |
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Definition
Cranial cavity
Spinal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| extends from cranial cavity to the end of the vertebral column |
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Term
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Definition
Contains all the structures with the chest and abdomen
-subdivided |
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Term
| Subdivisions of Ventral body cavity |
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Definition
-Thoracic cavity
-Abdominopelvic |
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Term
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Definition
-separated from rest of ventral cavity by dome shaped muscle, the diaphragm
-Organs in the thoracic cavity are protected by rib-cage (heart, lungs, and others)
-Mediastinum separates right and left lung |
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