Term
| Mendel's particulate theory |
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Definition
states that:
1) inherited characters are determined by particular factors (now what we call genes)
2) these factors occur in pairs
3) when gametes form, these genes segregate so that only one of the homologous pair is contained in a particular gamete |
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Term
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Definition
-3rd Part of Mendel's particulate theory
-also called Mendel's first law
-says that when gametes form, homologous chromosomes segregate so that only one of the homologous pair is contained in a particular gamete |
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Term
| Law of Independent Assortment |
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Definition
| states that genes on nonhomologous or different chromosomes will be distributed randomly into gametes |
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Term
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Definition
| unit of heredity on a chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
-alternate states on a gene that are contributed to an organism by its parents
-occur in pairs |
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Term
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Definition
-an allele that masks the expression of other alleles and is itself expressed
-designated by a capital letter |
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Term
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Definition
-an allele whose expression is masked by a dominant allele
-designated by a lower case letter |
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Definition
| includes all the alleles present in the cell, whether they are dominant or recessive |
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Term
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Definition
| the physical appearance of traits |
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Term
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Definition
| identical paired alleles (Ex. TT or tt) |
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Term
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Definition
| a pair of different alleles (Ex. Tt) |
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Term
| first filial or F1 generation |
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Definition
| the first generation of offspring |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of inheritance in which the heterozygous genotype results in an intermediate characteristic (Ex. RR (red) X rr (white) = Rr (pink)) |
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Term
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Definition
| inheriting a gene that kills the offspring |
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Term
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Definition
| inheriting a gene that kills the offspring |
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Term
| Name types inheritance that can result in genetic diversity. |
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Definition
| incomplete dominance, multiple alleles, gene interactions (epistasis), continuous variation, pleiotropy, environmental effects, linkage, and sex linkage |
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Term
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Definition
| two alleles share dominance |
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Term
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Definition
-compounds on the surface of red blood cells that determine blood groups A, B, AB, and O
-type A blood has A-antigens and B-antibodies
-type B blood has B-antigens and A-antibodies
-type AB blood has A-antigens and B-antigens and no antibodies
-type O blood has no antigens and both A-antibodies and B-antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
-compounds on the surface of red blood cells that determine blood groups A, B, AB, and O
-type A blood has A-antigens and B-antibodies
-type B blood has B-antigens and A-antibodies
-type AB blood has A-antigens and B-antigens and no antibodies
-type O blood has no antigens and both A-antibodies and B-antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
-a characteristic of blood
-termed either + or -
+ means you have Rh factor
- means you don't have the Rh factor
Rh- blood does not work with Rh+ blood because of an antibody reaction
-if an Rh- mother has an Rh+ fetus, her Rh- blood will destroy the RBC of the fetus and kill the baby |
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Term
| Name several diseases that are inherited as single-gene traits. |
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Definition
| Cystic fibrosis, Galactosemia, Phenylketonuria, Juvenile retinoblastoma, and Huntington's Disease |
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Term
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Definition
-"jumping genes"
-fragments of DNA that McClintock studies
-useful tool for genetic engineering because they provide a way of inserting foreign DNA into a host cell's chromosome |
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Definition
| the irreversible increase in size of an organism |
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Definition
| the irreversible increase in size of an organism |
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Definition
| the structural and functional specialization of groups of cells |
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Definition
| the development of pattern, shape, and form |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of growth, differentiation and morphogenesis in the early development of an organism |
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Term
| What are the 3 developmental stages? |
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Definition
-fertilization
-cleavage
-gastrulation |
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Term
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Definition
| male and female gametes fse to form a zygote |
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Term
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Definition
-zygote divides into a larger and larger number of smaller and smaller cells that eventually form a hollow sphere of many cells
-ends when groups of cells begin to differentiate |
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Term
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Definition
| cells of the sphere formed during cleavage continue to divide and move inward to form 3 cellular layers |
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Term
| What is the genus and phylum of the common sea star? |
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Definition
-genus: Asterias
-phylum: Echinodermata |
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Term
| What does isolecithal mean and give an example of an organism that is isolecithal? |
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Definition
-means that their yolk is distributed evenly (this is important because the distribution of yolk in an organism's egg strongly affects its pattern of development
-Ex. sea star eggs |
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Term
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Definition
| a term during the cleavage of a zygote in which only a small amount of yolk is present and easily divides |
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Definition
| a ball of 16-32 cells as a result of cleavage |
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Definition
| a hollow sphere of 75-100 cells as a result of late cleavage |
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Definition
| fluid-filled cavity within a blastula |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| When does gastrulation occur? |
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Definition
| after cleavage, when the blastula has matured and consists of many cells |
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Term
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Definition
| an early stage of a zygote that is the result of the invagination of cells of the blastula into the blastocoel |
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Term
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Definition
| the cavity inside the gastrula |
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Term
| What are the 3 germ layers of the gastrula called? |
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Definition
| endoderm (inner layer), ectoderm (outer layer) and mesoderm (middle layer) |
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Term
| What does the ectoderm in the gastrula eventually form in the mature organism? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the endoderm of the gastrula form in the mature organism? |
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Definition
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