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| least common granulocytes |
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| second most abundant granulocytes |
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| contribute to inflammatory response |
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| kill parasties with granules |
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| most abundant Agranulocyte |
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| disease that changed shape of RBCs due to a recessive allele |
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| viral disease caused by epstein-barr virus. characterized by increased production of agranulocytes. HIGHlY contagious |
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| normal hematocrit values for men/women |
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| high RBC count, usually bc of bone marrow cancer |
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| cancer that results in over production of leukocytes |
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| blood type A can get blood from who |
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| blood types A and blood type O |
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| blood type AB can get/give blood to who? |
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| what type of antibodies does blood type O have? |
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| A AND B antiboooooooodies |
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| packed red cell volume formula |
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| [(packed RBCs)/(total volume)]X100 |
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| why is the QRS complex the the largest |
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| because the ventricle is the largest |
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| what is the only interval that can be changed due to exercise |
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| stroke volume * heart rate |
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| av valves closing during ven. systole |
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| SL valves closing during ven' diastole |
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| what are korotkoff sounds |
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| differences between frog and human heart |
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frog-has sinus venosus, humans have AV node
frog-have 1 ventricle, humans have 2 |
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| in the frog heart what helps blood stay separate |
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| in a frog heart what happens 1st the mechanical and or electrical impulses |
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| effecs for the following on a frog heart: 1.temp 2,ca2++ 3.k+ 4.ACH 5.isupurel 6.atropine 7.stretch 8.stimulation |
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| 1.dilation of blood vessels=decreased HR 2.^contractile force 3.down HR, and abnormal heart rhythms. 4.reduce HR 5.^HR 6.^hr 7.^contractile force 8.get another contraction |
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| AN RBC has more affinity to 02 if what happens |
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| even more 02 binds to the RBC |
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| in the lamda max graph, what are the two axees? |
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| y axis-absorbance, x axis is wavelength in nm. |
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| the more P02 there is, will that lead to more or less 02 saturation |
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| more P02, more saturation |
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| for an exercising cell, is the PO2 higher like 40, or lower like 20? |
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| lower, like 20 and higer like 40 for a resting cell |
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| the partial pressure of 02 (so whatever number the PO2 is) when the Hg is 50% saturated. |
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| how is the 02-Hg curve affected if there is BPG stripping? which way is teh curve shifted? what happens to 02 binding, and 02 release? |
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| the curve shift left, which means it takes less pressure for 02 to bind to HG, so 02 binding goes up, and 02 release goes down |
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| what happens when you add DPG |
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| P50 increases, and now it takes more pressure to bind )2 to Hg |
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| how does cold and hot temp changes affect the 02-Hb curve? |
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cold-curve shifts left makeing it easier for Hb to bind 02:P50 drops
hot-P50 increases, which means there needs to be more P02 to bind 02 to the Hg |
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| how does Ph affect the HB02 curve? |
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low ph-drops P50..curve shifts LEFT
high Ph-raises P50..curve shifts RIGHT |
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| what 3 factors affect Hb's affinity for 02 |
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(A-B)/(A-C)X 100%
A=deoxygenated blood
B-oxygenated blood
C=absorbance after final equilibration |
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| how is the 02-Hg curve affected if there is BPG stripping? which way is teh curve shifted? what happens to 02 binding, and 02 release? |
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| the curve shift left, which means it takes less pressure for 02 to bind to HG, so 02 binding goes up, and 02 release goes down |
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| what does BPG do in general |
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| facilitates the release of 02 from Hb |
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[image]
where are the B and T cells located? Blood vessels? |
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| in the white pulp, which are those purple circles. blood vessels are in red pulp, the stuff around the purple circles. |
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[image]
point to Hassall's corpuscles. what organ is this |
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| what was the gelatin in elisa for |
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| to prevent non-specific binding |
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| the humoral response uses what mechanism mainly? |
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| cellmediated response uses what? |
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| Polyclonal antibodies are produced by injecting a host animal with a specific antigen that result in producing multiple clonal antibodies that are capable recognize the same antigen |
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| Monoclonal antibodies are produced by injecting the host animal with a specific antigen and then culture the same clonal antibodies that released by the plasma cells derived from the same mother B cells |
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| what is BSA and what was it in ELISA? |
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| the antigen coated on the wells, its Bovine Serum Albumin |
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| what were the positive and negative controls for elisa? |
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positive-rabbit and Anti-BSA
negative-no rabbit anti-BSA |
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| for elisa what was the conjugated secondary antibody? |
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| in elisa WTF was the chromogen |
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| the substrate ABS that reacts with the HRP to produce the positive green result |
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| in elisa, what was the 3rd antigen used? |
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| pig antigoat IgG HRP...must be a different species |
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| in ELISA what produced the positive green affect? |
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| what is the order of the items in the ELISA experiment for the green positive color to show? |
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antigen/primary antibody/secondary antibody(conjugated with HRP)
add ABTS and it reacts with the HRP complex on the secondary antibooody |
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| explain the hemolytic plaque assay |
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| it checks for the presence of antiboooodies. a mouse injected with sheep RBCs. the sheep cells are attacked by B cells |
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| for the hemolytic plaque assay what is a positive result |
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| plaques as a result of cell lysis |
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