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Definition
| the amount of solute dissolved in a certain volume of solvent. |
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Term
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Definition
| mixture formed when one substance dispersed homogeneously in another substance without chemical change. |
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Term
| How to find percent of a solution |
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Definition
weight of solute/volume of solvent x100
ex. g/ml x100= % |
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Definition
| concentration of H+ ions a solution contains. |
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Term
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Definition
| High H+ concentration, low pH (1-5) |
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Term
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Definition
| Low concentration of H+ ions, high pH scale (8-14) |
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Term
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Definition
A pair of substances, one releases H+ when hydrogen solutions fall and binds with free H+ as hydrogen concentration begins to rise.
EX: bicarbonate buffer system in blood |
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Term
| Negative Feedback system components. |
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Definition
| 1. Set point 2. Sensor 3. Integrator 4. Effector |
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Term
| Negative Feedback Example |
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Definition
A Thermostat
Set Point: 75F Sensor: 65F
Integrator: Thermostat Effector: Furnace |
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Term
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Definition
Spreading out
-No ATP required
-No carriers required |
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Term
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Definition
| Driving force for diffusion. Molecules tend to move to areas of high concentration to low concentration. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Time it takes for a system to reach equilibrium.
Example: Temperature speeds up rate of diffusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Driving force of diffusion of water. |
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Term
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Definition
| One in which drives water movement. |
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Term
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Definition
Same tension of intracellular fluid to extracellular fluid
IE: 300mM 0.9%NaCl or 5%dextrose OR 300 mOsm |
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Term
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Definition
High concentration of solute, lower concentration of water
Higher tonicity outside the cell |
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Term
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Definition
Lower concentration of solute and high concentration of water than normal cell.
Lower concentration outside the cell |
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Term
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Definition
Shrinking of the cell.
Happens for hypertonic solution |
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Term
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Definition
Expansion of cell
Happens in hypotonic solution |
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Term
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Definition
| Peripheral endings of afferent neurons |
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Term
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Definition
Photoreceptors (Light)
Mechanreceptors (Touch)
Thermoreceptors (Heat)
Chemocreceptors (Chemical)
Nocireceptors (Pain) |
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Term
| Adaption of touch receptors |
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Definition
Tonic: Adapt very slowly
Phasic: Adapt to a constant stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| Simple Reflex: only requires on synapse between sensory afferent neuron and the motor neuron. |
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Term
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Definition
Nerves that are shared with other nerves.
Ex: Elbow in cold water |
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Term
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Definition
| Only in adults : toes coming together and flexing forward. |
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Term
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Definition
| Only in babies. Extension of big toe. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Receptor: The peripheral ending of afferent neurons
2. Afferent (Sensory)Neuron: Conduct impulses toward CNS
3. Integrating Neuron: In the CNS, doesn't extend into peripheral nervous system
4. Efferent(Synaptic Motor)Neuron: Conducts impulses away from CNS
5. Effector: The muscles/glands activated by motor neuron. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| As objects get closer, the lens adjusts to become more spherical |
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Term
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Definition
| Iris accommodates a change in light by increasing/decreasing pupil size. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulating of the cornea causing involuntary blinking |
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Term
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Definition
A brief contraction/relaxation in response to an individual muscle fiber is stimulated by a single impulse from a motor neuron.
5-15Hz |
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Term
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Definition
| Extending the duration/ intensity of twitch by stimulating it. |
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Term
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Definition
A smooth sustained contraction caused by a frequent summation
15+ Hz |
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Term
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Definition
| Strength of contraction decreasing due to muscle reaming tetanus for long period of time. |
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Term
Chart tracings:
Twitch/Summation/Tetanus/Fatigue |
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Definition
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Term
| Proteins involved in muscle contraction |
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Definition
Actin (Contractile)
Myosin (Contractile)
Troponin
Tropomyosin |
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Term
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Definition
1. AP reaches axon terminals
2. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels open
3. Ca binds to sensor protein in cytoplasm
4. Ca+ protein complex stimulates fusion and exocytosis of neurotransmitter. |
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Term
| Pulse Wave with dicrotic notch |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Thickening of artery wall putting turbulence of blood flow. |
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Term
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Definition
| Imcomplete opening of valve, slowing blood flow. |
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Term
| Systolic vs. Diastolic vs. Pulse Pressure |
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Definition
| Measure of force during ventricluar contraction v. Measure " " ventricular relaxation. v. Difference between systolic-diastolic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Region of optic disk that lacks photo receptors. |
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Term
| Major causes of Conductive Deafness |
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Definition
| Problems in the outer or middle ear such as the build up of earwax, a ruptured eardrum or the accumulation of fluid as a result of an ear infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| The eyes inability to focus on near by objects due to the crystallization of the lens. |
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Term
| Near point of accommodation |
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Definition
| the closest distance at which an object can be focused |
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Term
| Major causes of sensorineural deafness |
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Definition
| a defect in the organ of corti, or the nerves that run from the inner ear to the brain, or damage to the auditory cortex itself |
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Term
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Definition
| the sharpness of vision, usually tested with a snellen chart(printed card with letters and numbers of decreasing sizes) |
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Term
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Definition
| the unequal curvature of the refractive surfaces of the cornea and/or lens |
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Term
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Definition
| the condition of the eye where incoming rays of light reach the retina before they converge into a focused image. far sightedness |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to determine the specific location of a sound source. |
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Term
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Definition
| results when a person lacks one of the three cone types(red, blue, or green). they percieve colors differently and/or cannot see the color |
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Term
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Definition
| test that uses a tuning fork to detect any form of deafness. the tone will seem louder to an ear with conductive deafness and seem softer to an ear with neural deafness |
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Term
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Definition
| deafness associated with the loss of vibrational signals along the conversion of airborne sound waves to fluid vibrations |
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Term
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Definition
| result from the bleaching or light adaptation of stimulated cones. the light adapted cones cannot initiate impulses, only the unadapted cones are responding |
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Term
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Definition
| a test that compares the conduction in air to the conduction in bone with a tuning fork that causes the temporal bone to vibrate and bypass the normal conduction pathway |
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Term
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Definition
| the rapid, involuntary movement of the eyes, resulting from the stimulation of the semicircular canals |
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Term
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Definition
| where the transmission of sound waves to the inner ear occurs normally, but they are not translated into electrical signals properly so the auditory cortex is unable to perceive sound |
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Term
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Definition
| a test for the defective functioning of the vestibular nerve. caused by the continuing movement of the semicircular canals |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a state of physical balance. an interruption in equilibrium can be caused by a specific motion to each semicircular canal that still moves after the person has stopped |
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