Term
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Definition
| The genetic endowment(inherited attributes) |
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Term
| What is diffusion and provide an example. |
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Definition
| A diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration due to the molecules random thermal motion(a drop of dye into a glass of water) |
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Term
| what is passive transport? |
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Definition
| movement of a molecule from high to low concentration and passive means that it does not expend metabolic energy. it can process things that are soluble easily dissolved |
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Term
| what is active transport? |
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Definition
| movement of a molecule from low to high concentration where it needs metabolic energy like atp . examples would be the sodium potassium pump. endocytosis, exocytosis |
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Term
| what happens to RBC when placed in hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic? |
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Definition
| hemolysis(burst), isotonic(nothing), hypertonic(shrink, crenated) |
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Term
| What happens during prophase of mitosis? |
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Definition
| chromosomes form from the chromatin material, centrioles migrate to opposite sides of the nuclues, the nucleoulus and nuclear membrane dissapear and spindles apear and become associated with centrioles and cenromeres. |
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Term
| what is the structure and function of plasma cell membrane? |
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Definition
| the cell membrane is made out of phospholipids in which proteins are embedded. function is give form to the cell to control passage of materials into and out of cell. |
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Term
| what is the function and structure of cytoplasm? |
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Definition
| structure is fluid like and function is seres as matrix substance in which chemical reactions occur |
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Term
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Definition
| granular particles composed of protein and rna. protein synthesis is the function |
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Term
| golgi complex structure and function? |
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Definition
| structure is flattened membranous sacs. synthesizes carbs and secretes lipids and glycoproteins |
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Term
| Explain why abnormal measurements of plasma glucose, cholesterol, and protein are clinically significant |
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Definition
1. Glucose = hyperglyceria(diabetes) and hypoglycemia (rare but associated with arthiritis, renal disease, and the late stages of pregnancy)
2. Cholesterol = artherosclerosis(from hypertension or cigarette smoking) HDL(good cholesterol) LDL(bad cholesterol)
3. Protein = Edema(inadequate production of protein by the liver caused by liver disease , the loss of protein in the urine caused by kidney disease or loss of plasma proteins |
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Term
| one example of inborn error of metabolism is |
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Definition
| PKU. Inborn errors of metabolism |
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Term
| what is genotype, phenotype, translation, transcribing? |
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Definition
Phenotype: Physical appearance of an individual
Genotype: Individuals Genetic endowment
Transcription: transcribing by synthesis of a specific RNA molecule
Translation – Sequence of bases in the mRNA determines the sequence of amino acids in the protein. This process is called translation. |
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Term
| what is polar and non polar |
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Definition
| polar is kmn04 and detergent is both polar and non polar forms mycels, non polar is toluone and vegetable oil. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Be able to interpret and understand the results of thistle tube experiment for different molasses solution. |
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Definition
Thistle tube experiment for different molasses solutions
1. Solution solubility increases with increased solutes because water flows from high concentration to low concentration. The higher the solute percentage= the faster the solute dissolves in the solvent.
i. Ex. 20% molasses solute dissolved slower in solvent than 25% |
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Term
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Definition
| yes to Na plus and Cl negative, anything that has a ionic bond will dissasociate in the water. |
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Term
| what are the several spinal reflexes? |
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Definition
| knee jerk reflex hitting the ligament of the pattelar tendon. bicep jerk reflex, ankle jerk reflex, tricep jerk refle |
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Term
| o Minimum distance at which two points of contact can be felt is the? |
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Definition
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Term
| • Source of nerve stimulation is different from the perceived location of the stimulus is |
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Definition
| referred pain. for example you can test someone with a rubber mallet and |
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Term
| Sense receptors respond strongly to the acute changes in our environment and then stop responding when these stimuli become constant is called |
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Definition
| sensory adaptation(for example smelling an odor for a long time makes u adapt to it, touching ur clothes. sensation of pain adapt little or not at all |
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Term
| Know how to test for visual acuity and astigmatism |
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Definition
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Term
| what is accomodation test? |
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Definition
| the refractive power of a lense is constant, the distance between the lense and point of focus will increase as an object moves closer to the lense |
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Term
Understand and be able to perform extrinsic muscles of the eye and nystagmus
Nystagmus |
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Definition
| The action of antagonistic ocular muscles normally maintain the eyes in midline positions. If the tone of one muscle is weak as a result of muscle nerve damage, the eyes will drift slowly in one direction followed by a rapid movement back to the correct position |
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Term
| how do you perform a test for nystagamus? |
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Definition
| follow an object. if eyes have problem looking laterally, it has a problem |
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Term
| what is myopia? hyperopia and emmetropia |
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Definition
| nearsightedeness, far sighted and normal sighted |
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Term
| what to look in the pupillary reflex? |
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Definition
| constriction and dilation. constriction is part of parasymphatetic and dilation is symphatetic |
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Term
| why do we use an opthalmoscope? |
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Definition
| to observe the posterior inner part of the eye for diseases. it can be used tto observe arteries and veins of the fundus and two regions of the retina |
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Term
| how do you test for blind spot? |
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Definition
| observe disapearance of drawn circle as it comes close to the face |
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Term
| how is ischia test performed |
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Definition
| watching circle dots and seeing if the numbers are shown |
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Term
| how is rinnes and webers test peformed |
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Definition
| rinnes is hitting a tuning fork and putting it by mastoid process until the person cant hear it no more then put it on external aucoustic meatus. sound wil reappear if no damage. and webers test is putting tuning fork on midsagital line and if heard louder in one ear, its called sensory deafness. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Motor unit: a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it supplies
1. Muscle that controls fine movements (fingers, eyes) have smaller motor units
2. Large weight-bearing muscles (thighs, hips) have large motor units
3. Muscle fibers from a motor unit are spread throughout the muscle therefore, contraction of a single motor unit causes weak contraction of the entire muscle |
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Term
| what is a motor recruitment? |
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Definition
| if there is more recruitment, there is more force/contraaction |
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Term
| define the conduction system of the heart |
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Definition
| the sa node is the pacemaker of the heart generating electrical impulses for both atrias to contract then going to the av node where it is delayed so the ventricles get filled up then to the av bundle to spread to bundle of his and purkinje fibers |
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