Term
| 7 Functions of the Cardiovascular System |
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Definition
1. gaseous exchange
2. delivery of major nutrients, building materials, and micro nutrients to tissues and organs.
3. Delivery of hormones from endocrine glands to distant target tissues.
4. Defense
5. Thermal Exchange
6. Transports Water around body
7. Removal of waste metabolites from tissues/organs |
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Term
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Definition
| left heart pumps oxygenated blood through rest of the body via aorta and returns blood to right heart via superior and inferior venae cavae. |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of deoxygentated blood and receives it from the right heart and pumps it to the lungs. |
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Term
| How are systemic circuits arranged? |
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Definition
| Arranged in parallel. Wide latitude for altering blood flow through a particular organ without altering flow through other parts of the system. This prevents cutting back of blood supply to each organ. |
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Term
| 3 basic layers of walls in blood vessels |
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Definition
1. tunica intima: inner layer of specialized squamous epithelium
2. tunica media: middle layer; smooth muscle fibers/elastic connective tissue
3. Tunica adventita: outer layer of connective tissue with elastic and collagenous fibers |
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Term
| These do not have have smooth muscle fibers |
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Definition
| non-muscular venules and capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| constriction of blood vessels with help of release of hormones: norepinephrine, epinephrine which are released from adrenal glands by sympathetic stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| dilates blood vessels, NITRIC OXIDE and HISTAMINE. Released by mast cells of connective tissue in response to injury to tissue. |
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Term
| Vasodilators and Vasoconstrictors Control? |
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Definition
1. Flow of Blood through organs and tissues.
2. Resistance of the systemic circuit (TPR)
3. Total Capacity of the Blood vessels in the cardiovascular system |
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Term
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Definition
| superior vena cava to right atrium to tricuspid valve to right ventricle to pulmonary semilunar valve to pulmonary trunk to pulmonary artery to lungs to lobar branches to pulmonary capillaries to pulmonary vein to left atrium to bicuspid valve to left ventricle to aortic semilunar valve to aorta to body |
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Term
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Definition
1. Arteries
2. arterioles
3. terminal arterioles
4. capillaries
5. venules
6. veins |
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Term
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Definition
| made of tunica media which makes up wall |
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Term
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Definition
| control blood flow through organs and tissues and determine TPR |
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Term
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Definition
| structures that are intermediate between arterioles and capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
consist of vascular endothelium only. smooth muscle fibers encircle it.
LACK TUNICA ADVENTICA and TUNICA MEDIA |
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Term
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Definition
blood passes from capillaries into venules which merge to veins.
NON MUSCULAR VS MUSCULAR |
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Term
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Definition
return blood to complete circuit
-hold large volumes of blood at low pressures. Contain valves and have large diameter with little elasticity |
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Term
| Arteries branching from aorta (aortic arch) |
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Definition
Brachiocephalic - branches to RSubClav/RCC
Left Common Caroitd
Left Subclavian |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| branches into axillary artery ---> brachial of upper arm ----> radial/ulnar of lower arm |
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Term
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Definition
| -Rise to small arteries that supply thoracic wall and thoracic organs |
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Term
| Abdominal Aorta below diaphragm is |
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Definition
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Term
| Celiac Artery branches too |
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Definition
Splenic Artery (spleen)
Hepatic Artery (Liver/gallbladder)
Superior Mesenteric (intestinal tract)
Inferior Mesenteric (Colon/Rectum)
Renals (kidneys
Gonadals (ovaries/testes) |
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Term
| Right/left common iliacs branch to |
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Definition
| external and internal iliacs. |
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Term
| External iliacs branch to |
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Definition
| arteries of legs, femorals, popliteal, and the anterior/posterior tibials. |
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Term
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Definition
anterior/posterior tibials, femoral vein, great saphenous vein.
All empty into external iliac/internal iliac which drains to common iliac. |
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Term
| These drain into inferior vena cava |
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Definition
| Renals, Gonadals, Hepatic |
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Term
| Lower arm blood drains into |
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Definition
| radial and ulnar veins which empty into brachial of upper arm which drains into axillary which drains to subclavian which drains into brachiocephalic which empties into superior vena cava. |
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Term
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Definition
| drained by internal and external jugulars and empty into subclavians which becomes brachiocephalic. |
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Term
| Structure of Capillary Bed |
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Definition
| Consist of arterioles, terminal arterioles, capillaries, and venules. Both muscular and non-muscular venules. |
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Term
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Definition
| contraction and relaxation can control the flow of blood into the capillary |
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Term
| What supplies capillary bed |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1.Epicardium= outer layer aka visceral pericardium
2. Myocardium= middle layer (interlacing bundles of cardiac muscle fibers and heart acts as a very efficient pump)
3. Endocardium= inner layer that lines cavities of heart. consists of a thin layer of vascular endothelial cells overlying thin layer of connective tissue. |
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Term
| Opening and closing of valves is.. |
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Definition
| Purely Passive and occurs in response to changing pressure differentials across them. |
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Term
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Definition
| (3 leaflets) chordae tendinae connect pointed ends of the leaflets to fingerlike muscular projections (papillary muscles) on inner surface of the right ventricle |
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Term
| Pulmonary Semilunar Valve |
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Definition
| guards opening from right ventricle into pulmonary trunk |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 cusps; chordae tendinae attached to papillary muscles on inside of left ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| guards opening of left ventricle to aorta |
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Term
| Vessels entering/leaving heart |
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Definition
Superior Vena Cava- deoxygentated blood
Pulmonary Artery- deoxygenated blood
Pulmonary Vein- oxygenated blood
Aorta- oxygenated blood |
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Term
| Coronary Circulation of Heart |
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Definition
| Right and left coronary arteries branch from aorta just distal to aortic semilunar valve |
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Term
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Definition
| supplies blood to left atrium and both ventricles |
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Term
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Definition
| supplies blood to right atrium and both ventricles |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| cardiac sinus drains into |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| central control of heart in medulla region |
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Term
| what does the vasomotor do? |
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Definition
| output from this center controls both sympathetic outflow to the heart and the flow of nerve impulses down the vagus nerve |
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Term
| Sympathetic characteristics |
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Definition
1. Accelerates Heart Rate
2. Increase Force of Contraction of Ventricular Myocardium
3. Norepinephrine is released at sympathetic nerve terminals and acts on Beta adrenergic receptors in pacemaker cells of SA node and on cardiac muscle cells of ventricles |
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Term
| Parasympathetic characteristics |
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Definition
1. Slows heart rate (SA Node)
2. Does not alter force of contraction of ventricles b/c it does not innervate them
3. Acetylcholine released at parasympathetic nerve terminals and acts on nicotinic receptors which binds to muscarinic receptors in pacemaker cells of SA node. |
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Term
| Muscarinic Receptors blocked by |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate, while parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart rate |
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Term
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Definition
| neurotransmitters released by postganglionic nerve terminals in the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| released by preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers |
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Term
| Alpha Adrenergic Receptors |
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Definition
| on smooth muscle cells of blood vessels |
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Term
| Beta Adrenergic receptors |
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Definition
| receptors found in heart and gastrointestinal smooth muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
| parasympathetic neurotransmitter that binds to nicotine and muscarinic receptor in plasma membrane of target cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Beta blocker (slows down heart rate) |
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Term
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Definition
| Alpha adrenergic receptor blocker |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| increase intracellular calcium levels causing increase in myocardial contractility. Helps for failing heart |
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Term
| Calcium's importance in contraction for cardiac muscle |
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Definition
| rise of intracellular calcium leads to contraction of cardiac muscle. Stored in sarcoplasmic reticulum and released during plateau phase of cardiac action potential. |
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