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| A mineral has the following properties |
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Definition
| Naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline, solid, and fixed chemistry. |
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| Some minerals only come in one color, others can occur in a wide range of colors. |
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| The color of a mineral when it is ground up and powdered. Use a streak plate. |
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| Moh's Scale, 1-10. Fingernail 2, Penny 3, Knife 5. |
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| Whether of not a mineral transmits light through it or not. |
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| Light easily passes through the material; you can see through it. Example: window glass. |
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| Some light passes through, but you cannot see through the material. Example: frosted glass. |
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| No light passes through the material. Example: wood. |
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| Describes how a mineral reflects light. |
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| The mineral is bright and shiny but also opaque, color resembles a metal. Example: penny, a knife blade. |
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| The mineral is bright and shiny but dark in color and probably opaque. Example: volcanic glass. |
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| The mineral is bright and shiny. Example: a piece of glass. |
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| The opposite of vitreous; the material is not at all shiny. Example: a lump of clay. |
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| The mineral reflects some light but has a soft glow to it. Example: silk fabric, a florescent light bulb. |
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| The mineral reflects light unevenly across its surface. (Will also feel greasy.) Example: wax paper, a hamburger wrapper. |
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| The mineral bubbles and makes a fizzy noise, when 1-02 drops of dilute hydrochloric acid are added to the surface of a mineral. |
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| Crystal Form (Growth Habit) |
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Definition
| Minerals grow in a fixed geometric shape under the right conditions. |
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| Minerals can fragment in different ways when broken depending on their atomic bonding and crystalline molecular arrangements. |
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| Minerals that tend to break along smooth, flat surfaces that are parallel to one another. Example: halite (table salt). |
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| All non-cleavage breaks in a mineral. |
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| Thin, straight, parallel lineations that are visible on some cleavage surfaces of certain minerals. |
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| Cubic crystal form and cleavage |
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| Very large grain size (>1), intrusive. |
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| Large grain size (<1), intrusive. |
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| Some large grains set into a matrix of smaller grains. |
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| Very small grain size, volcanic. |
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| No discernible grains, volcanic. |
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| Perforated with small openings,lightweight, volcanic. |
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| Comprised of proclastic material that are ejected from a volcano during eruption. |
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| High silica, light in color(white, pink), low temperature, continental crust. Quartz, othroclase, muscovite. |
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| Grayish in color, white and black. |
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| Low silica, dark, volcanoes. Biotite,hornblende, and augite. |
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| Olivine, high temperature. |
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| Made from weathering, erosion, depostiton, and lithification. Identify by grain size. |
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| Clasitc, high energy, particles >2mm in diameter. |
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| Clastic, particles between 2mm and 1/6mm, medium high energy. |
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| Clastic, particles between 1/16 mm and 1/256 mm in diameter, gritty texture, medium low energy. |
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| Clastic, particles <1/256mm, lowest energy. |
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| Produced from chemical reactions, crystalline appearance. |
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| Acid reaction when powdered. Chemical. |
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| Strong acid reaction. Chemical . |
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| composed of remains of plants and animals. |
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| React with acid, biogenic. |
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