Term
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Definition
| Removal of testicles or actions taken to cause testicular degeneration resulting in reduction or lack of testosterone secretion |
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Term
| What are 4 main indications for castration? |
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Definition
| Remove less desirable traits from the genetic pool; Reduce mgmt problems; Improve meat quality; Arrest scent gland devo in goats |
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Term
| How does castration reduce mgmt problems? |
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Definition
| Prevent injuries that occur secondary to fighting, allow better pasture mgmt, prevent unwanted pregnancies |
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Term
| How does castration improve meat quality? |
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Definition
| Better flavor in pigs; Better marbling of prime beef |
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Term
| What is a negative factor of castration? |
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Definition
| Decreased rate of gain & feed efficiency (steers must be fed longer to have the same carcass quality) |
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Term
| How can decreased rate of gain/feed efficiency be corrected? |
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Definition
| Use of implants: Trenbolone acetate & estradiol |
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Term
| At what age can castration be performed? |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ is a greater problem in young animals, whereas _____ is a greater problem in older animals. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most horsemen wait until a colt is _____ age to castrate, because: |
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Definition
| 2 years; Masculine conformation developed, Testicles in scrotum |
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Term
| What criteria is used to determine when a bull is usually castrated? |
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Definition
| Less than 500lb; Younger = less stress |
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Term
| What is early bovine castration associated with? |
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Definition
| Some increase in urethral calculi problems |
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Term
| When is castration usually performed in pigs, goats, and sheep? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are pre-op considerations for castration? |
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Definition
| Good physical condition; Husbandry/owner mgmt; Testicles; External inguinal ring (normal size) |
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Term
| What should animals not have access to before castration and why? |
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Definition
| Spoiled sweet clover (source of dicumarol) |
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Term
| How should pigs be kept following castration? |
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Definition
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Term
| What should be done if pre-op conditions are not ideal? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is equine castration performed standing or under general anesthesia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are advantages of castrating with the colt standing? |
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Definition
| Quicker; Reduced anesthetic complications; No pre/post anesthetic injury |
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Term
| What are disadvantages of castrating with the colt standing? |
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Definition
| Increased risk of injury to surgeon; Restraint less reliable; Sx complications (if they occur) are more difficult to manage |
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Term
| What is the general restraint method for the standing horse? |
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Definition
| Physical restraint + Sedative regimen |
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Term
| What are the options for physical restraint of the standing horse? |
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Definition
| One person holding the lead rope + twitch; +/- war bridles or lip chains, +/- tail tie to overhead beam |
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Term
| What are the possible sedative regimens for castration of the standing horse? |
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Definition
| Xylazine; X + Acepromazine; X + A + Talwin; X + Morphine; X + Butorphanol; Detomidine; B; Romifidine |
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Term
| What is there a low risk of when using acepromazine as a sedative? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does succinylcholine provide any pain control? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are possible anesthetic regimens for the recumbent horse? |
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Definition
| Xylazine + Ketamine; X + Diazepam + K; 5% Glyceryl guaiacolate + Thiopental or K |
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Term
| What is the effect of glyceryl guaiacolate? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long is anesthesia maintained with the current anesthetic regimens for the recumbent horse? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can be done to prolong anesthesia in the recumbent horse, and how long is the effect? |
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Definition
| Glyceryl guaiacolate + Xylazine + Ketamine in sterile water (up to an hour); 1/2 initial dose of xylazine + ketamine (10min) |
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Term
| What is the position of the recumbent horse for sx? |
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Definition
| Lt lateral for righties; Rt lateral for lefties |
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Term
| Large bovids are routinely castrated _____; whereas small calves are castrated _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| How are large bovids restrained for standing castration? |
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Definition
| Chute + head catch w/ tail held firmly over the back |
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Term
| How are calves restrained for recumbent castration? |
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Definition
| Calf cradle or held on the ground (as for branding) |
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Term
| Is anesthesia commonly used for bovine castration? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are anesthesia options for bovine castration? |
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Definition
| Infuse testicle or spermatic cord w/ local anesthetics; Local anesthetic SQ into scrotum |
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Term
| How are goats and sheep restrained for castration? |
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Definition
| Held upright w/ wt born on buttocks & PLs firmly flexed |
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Term
| Are anesthetics commonly used for caprine/ovine castration? |
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Definition
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Term
| When is anesthesia used in porcine castration? |
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Definition
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Term
| For porcine castration, what is the restraint up to weaning age? |
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Definition
| Handler holds by PLs & cradles body btw knees |
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Term
| What is the restraint method for larger pigs? |
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Definition
| Handler grabs PL & pulls bwd quickly to pull pig off its feet, kneels w/ 1 knee on neck & 1 behind TL & holds both TLs; Surgeon kneels w/ 1 knee in flank |
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Term
| What is the restraint method for castration of mature boars? |
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Definition
| Hog holder, Lariat w/ noose behind k9 teeth |
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Term
| What is the anesthetic regimen for castration of mature boars? |
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Definition
| Na-pentobarbital into testicle; Pentothal or Surital in ear v. |
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Term
| What is an advantage of injecting Na-pentobarbital into the mature boar's testicles? |
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Definition
| Anesthetic which is not absorbed is removed during Sx |
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Term
| What is a disadvantage of injecting Na-pentobarbital into boar testicles? |
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Definition
| Injected testicles can be lethal to dogs |
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Term
| How long is pentothal or surital effective? |
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Definition
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