Term
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Definition
| beriberi: cardiac failure. peripheral and central neurophathies |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| megaloblastic anemia, leucopenia and thrombopenia |
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Term
|
Definition
| megaloblastic anemia, hyperhomocysteinemia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Etiologies of pernicious anemia |
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Definition
| IF deficiency which decreases absorption of folate... |
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Term
|
Definition
| flushing of skin, pruritis, nausea and vomiting |
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Term
|
Definition
| kidney stones in susceptible persons |
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Term
| Inter-relationship between folate and vitamin B12 |
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Definition
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Term
| nutrient-drug interactions involving folic acid |
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Definition
-Methotrexate
-5-fluorouracil |
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Term
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Definition
| component of hydroxyapatite, activation of catalytic properties of proteins, stabilization of proteases and blot clotting proteins, intracellular signal transduction |
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Term
|
Definition
| major component of hydroxyapatite, component of cell membranes, second messenger systems & energy storage, regulation of acid- base balance |
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Term
|
Definition
| component of TCA cycle enzymes & oxidative phosphorylation, component of heme-containing proteins, cofactor in oxygen atom transfer |
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Term
|
Definition
| component of thyroid hormones |
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Term
| Roles for iron transport and storage proteins (derritin, transferrin, hemosiderin, and ceruloplasmin) |
|
Definition
a. Ferritin – storage protein in most cells
b. Transferrin – transfer protein
c. Hemosiderin – storage protein in hepatocytes
d. Ceruloplasmin – circulating protein oxidizes ferrous to ferric iron for binding to transferring |
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Term
| Calcium deficiency and toxicity |
|
Definition
deficiency: osteoporosis;
toxicity: very rare |
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Term
| Phosphorus deficiency and toxicity |
|
Definition
deficiency: refeeding syndrome, secondary to malabsorption syndromes, vitamin D deficiency, hyperparathyroidism
toxicity: secondary to advanced renal disease & hypoparathyroidism |
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Term
| Iron deficiency and toxicity |
|
Definition
deficiency: microcytic hypochromic anemia
toxicity: severe vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, hereditary hemochromatosis
Deficiency: upregulation of transferrin receptor & downregulation of ferritin, TIBC (total iron binding capacity) is increased
Toxicity: upregulation of ferritin
& downregulation of transferrin receptor |
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Term
| Iodine deficiency and toxicity |
|
Definition
deficiency: endemic goiter, severe deficiency may result in endemic cretinism
toxicity: goiter |
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Term
| Etiology of refeeding syndrome |
|
Definition
-Occurs when severely malnourished, dehydrated individuals given glucose & saline
-Results from rapid expansion of extracellular fluid (↑
sodium intake) & increased insulin secretion (↑ carbohydrate intake)
-Stimulates rapid glycogen synthesis, depleting plasma phosphorus concentration
-May result in cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death
-Not caused solely by rapid drop in plasma phosphorus levels, also potassium, magnesium & vitamins |
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Term
| Factors that enhance and inhibit calcium absorption |
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Definition
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Term
| HFE, Ferritin, Transferrin, and Transferrin Receptor... |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| plasma zinc and copper enzyme that oxidizes Fe2+ to Fe3+ |
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