Term
| This condition is usually detected through careful questioning regarding activities that require repetitive movement or prolonged awkward positioning |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This condition requires an evaluation of any biomechanical predispositions such as pronation/supination, lower extremity torsion, or patellar tracking abnormalities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The knee is often a site of pain referral with ___ abnormalities in ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two common clinical presentations for an athlete with anterior knee pain are |
|
Definition
| patellofemoral arthralgia; patella tracking disorders |
|
|
Term
| Common clinical presentation for an elderly patient with a complaint of knee pain and stiffness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common clinical presentation for a younger athlete with a complaint of tibial tuberosity pain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common clinical presentation for a patient with a complaint of instability |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common clinical presentation for a patient complaining of painful locking of the knee |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If traumatic a hyperextension mechanism will cause for consideration of |
|
Definition
| an isolated ACL tear or Patellar dislocation |
|
|
Term
| If traumatic a hyperflexion mechanism will cause for consideration of |
|
Definition
| PCL tear (major trauma also ACL) |
|
|
Term
| If traumatic a deceleration injury will cause for consideration of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If traumatic a valgus force injury with no rotation causes for consideration of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If traumatic a valgus force injury with rotation (foot fixed on the ground) causes consideration for these three conditions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If traumatic a blow to the flexed knee causes consideration for these 4 conditons |
|
Definition
| contusion, fat pad irritation, patellar fracture, PCL if a significant force |
|
|
Term
| If the mechanism is repetitive flexion and extension (running) there is consideration for these two conditions |
|
Definition
| ITB syndrome, popliteus tendinitis (lateral knee pain) |
|
|
Term
| If the mechanism is repetitive jumping or sprinting consider these two conditions |
|
Definition
| patellar tendinitis (jumpers knee); adolescents consider apophyseal injury (osgood schlatters) with anterior knee pain |
|
|
Term
| if constant valgus stress applied directly or indirectly consider these 2 conditions |
|
Definition
| chronic MCL strain or pes anserinus tendinitis with medial knee pain |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 articulations at the knee |
|
Definition
| tibiofemoral, tibiofibular, patellofemoral |
|
|
Term
| What two articulations at the knee are synovial articulations |
|
Definition
| tibiofemoral and tibiofibular |
|
|
Term
| Internally the stability and control of rotation is provided by the ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cruiciates, capsule, and collateral ligaments connect the ___ to the ___ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| This artery is commonly torn with tears of the ACL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In nonweightbearing the ACL acts as a primary restraint to ____ movement of the tibia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In weightbearing the ACL acts as a primary restraint to ___ movement of the tibia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This ligament serves a synergistic role providing restraint to backward movement of the tibia on the femur in non weight bearing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This ligament resists forward movement of the tibia on the femur in weight bearing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which collateral ligament is longer and has more direct connections on the capsule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This ligament connects the distal femur to the fibular head and is separated from the joint by the popliteus muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ___ acts as a primary lateral protection of valgus forces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ____ acts as a secondary support for the PCL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ___ acts as a primary protection to varus forces and acts as a secondary support for the ACL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ___ acts to deepen the joint adding static stability |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ___ is the largest sesamoid bone of the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The patella extends the lever arm for the quadriceps muscle making ___ of the knee more effective |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These three things aid in the stabilization of the patella |
|
Definition
| quadriceps muscle, facial extensions (retinacula), and the distal attachment of the tibial tuberosity (patella tendon) |
|
|
Term
| These two things cushion the spaces between the patella and the femur and the patella and the tibia |
|
Definition
| suprapatellar pouch; infrapatellar fat pad |
|
|
Term
| This term describes a high riding position of the patella |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Abduction and Adduction of the knee in the extended position is done by ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Abduction and Adduction in the flexed knee is done slightly by __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Flexion motion of the knee is done primarily by the ___muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Flexion assistance when the knee is flexed beyond 30-40 degrees is done by the ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Extension of the knee is done primarily by the ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The last 30-40 degrees of extension of the knee is assisted by the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is a stronger movement pattern; Flexion or Extension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In non weight bearing these 3 muscles internally rotate the knee |
|
Definition
popliteus, semimembranosus, semitendonosus
(assistance from sartorius and gracilis) |
|
|
Term
| In non weight bearing this muscle provides external rotation |
|
Definition
| Biceps femoris with assistance from the ITB |
|
|
Term
| When the knee is in full extension these 3 structures act as static stabilizers for the knee |
|
Definition
| pes anserinus, hamstrings, and ITB |
|
|
Term
| As the knee flexes it also ___ rotates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When the cruciates cross (flexion) it takes pressure off of the ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During the first 20-30 degrees of flexion a ___ motion occurs between the tibia and the femur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Past 30 degrees of flexion a ___ motion occurs between the tibia and the femur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rotation is limited and governed by these 2 structures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Traumatic anterior knee pain consider these 5 conditions |
|
Definition
| patellar fracture, fat pad irritation, contusion of soft tissue structures, meniscus tear, pes anserinus bursitis (anteromedial) |
|
|
Term
| Nontraumatic anterior knee pain consider these 4 conditions |
|
Definition
| Extensor disorders (osgood schlatters, patellar tendonitis), Patellofemoral disorders (patellofemoral arthralgia, chondromalacia) |
|
|
Term
| Traumatic posterior knee pain consider these 4 disorders |
|
Definition
| PCL tear, meniscus tear, gastrocnemiussoleus tear (tennis leg), semimembranosus brusitis |
|
|
Term
| Non traumatic posterior knee pain consider these 6 disorders |
|
Definition
| strain of the gastrocnemius or soleus, semimembranosus tendinitis, bursitis, Bakers cyst, popliteal thrombus, referral from other disorders |
|
|
Term
| Traumatic lateral knee pain consider these 4 disorders |
|
Definition
| LCL tear, ACL tear with fracture, meniscus tear, fibular head subluxation |
|
|
Term
| Non traumatic lateral knee pain consider these 2 disorders |
|
Definition
| ITB syndrome, popliteus tendinitis |
|
|
Term
| Traumatic medial knee pain consider these 2 conditions |
|
Definition
| MCL tear or rupture, medial meniscus tear |
|
|
Term
| Nontraumatic medial knee pain consider these 3 conditons |
|
Definition
| MCL sprain, pes anserinus tendonitis, bursitis |
|
|
Term
| Swelling that occurs immediately or within the first few hours is suggestive of ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two strong possibilities that are associated with hemarthrosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If swelling is delayed taking several hours and is not especially painful (unless patient moves the knee) ____ is likely |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 Common conditions that irritate the synovium and cause increased synovial fluid protection are ___ |
|
Definition
| meniscus tear, ACL flaps, loose bodies |
|
|
Term
| If there is no pain at the point of the knee giving away ___ is likely the cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A pop at the time of injury is likely indicative of a ___ tear, especially if a pop is accompanied by pain and swelling. |
|
Definition
ACL
other conditions include: patella dislocation, meniscus tear |
|
|
Term
| ___ occurs when the knee is held at approximately 30 degrees of flexion in an attempt to accommodate joint effusion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ occurs when there is mechanical blockage, knee is often in flexion and is rigidly painfully locked in one position |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True locking is indicative of what 2 conditions |
|
Definition
| meniscus tear or osteochondritis dessecans |
|
|
Term
| If a patient is running/walking downhill these two syndromes are possible with lateral pain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Unilateral weakness may occur with ____ with amyotrophy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With an L5 nerve root lesion patients will feel weakness in the ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contractile causes of restricted motion are often ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ causes a restricted pattern whereby full extension is not possible and flexion beyond 90 degrees is often difficult |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ internal damage will almost always cause joint effusion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ internal damage will cause joint effusion but effusion due to inflammatory arthritides or infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ damage is due to soft tissue contracture, especially with a history of immobilization or lack of activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If there is stiffness that resolves with 15-30 min of activity what two problems are often suspected |
|
Definition
| OA or patellofemoral problems |
|
|
Term
| Patellofemoral problems are usually more common in ___ patients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Numbness and tingling local to the medial knee is often due to ____ irritation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Meniscus tear will specifically have pain in the ____ |
|
Definition
| joint line (anterior, medial, posterior) |
|
|
Term
| Tenderness on either side of the patella may indicate ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tenderness on either side of the patella with a flexed knee is commonly an irritation of ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tenderness at the lateral epicondyle of the femur or anterolateral tibia is found with ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tenderness behind the LCL or in front of the femoral insertion of the LCL is indicative of ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tenderness at the insertion of the vastus medialis oblique indicates ___. Also evident at the adductor tubercle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tenderness at the posterior knee superior to the joint line with the knee bent may be found with ___. Below the joint line with ____ |
|
Definition
| gastrocnemuius strain; soleus strain |
|
|
Term
| ___ testing is based on challenging the posterior to anterior stability of the tibia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The test that is the highest sensitivity for acute ACL injuries is the ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Testing for the meniscus is a ____ challenge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This test will apply compression to the posterior and middle third of the meniscus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Studies suggest that ____ is not often a predictor of meniscus tears |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most frequently injured collateral ligament is the ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If there is a valgus stress applied at 30 degrees of flexion and there is no end feel reached then a ____ has occurred |
|
Definition
| 3rd degree rupture of MCL |
|
|
Term
| If there is a valgus stress applied at 30 degrees of flexion and there is end feel reached then a ____ has occurred |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If there is a valgus stress applied at 30 degrees of flexion and there is no opening but pain is present then a ____ has occured |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three approaches to patellofemoral testing |
|
Definition
| compression, stability, and tracking |
|
|
Term
| If compression testing at 5-10 degrees produces pain then ___ is suspected |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the patient is seated and the axial view of the foot is turned out more than 20 degrees reveals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the patient is seated and the axial view of the foot is turned in more than 15 degrees reveals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ is palpable and may contribute to patella tracking disorders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stuttering, snapping, at the medial inferior patella suggests ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two ways that ITB is tested |
|
Definition
| direct pressure over the lateral epicondyle and stretching of the ITB in an attempt to determine predisposition |
|
|
Term
| Resisted internal rotation will evaluate ___ causing pain at the lateral knee. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When there is tenderness at the posterior attachment of the muscle or resisted knee flexion causes pain at the posterior medial knee there the ___ muscle is affected |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pain at the posterior fibular head that may be increased with resisted knee flexion affects the ___ muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classic presentation: sudden onset of knee pain following a hyperextension maneuver or a contact injury with the knee being hit from the side. There may have been a pop with swelling appears quickly. The patient is unable to bear weight |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classic presentation: A young athlete complains of knee pain following a blow to the front of his tibia with the knee a flexed position. Swelling may be minimal with discoloration down the back of the lower leg after a couple of days. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classic presentation: The patient complains of knee pain usually following a rotational injury following flexion and internal rotation of the tibia may cause traction causing the meniscus to be pulled |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classic presentation: The knee is forced into a valgus force with sharp medial pain associated with swelling that occurred immediately after the injury |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classic presentation: The patient complains of anterior knee pain. The pain is worse with going up and down steps and sitting for long periods of time. There is often associated crepitus and pain going through any squatting movement |
|
Definition
| Patellofemoral arthralgia and chondromalacia |
|
|
Term
| Classic presentation: The patient complains of lateral knee pain that gradually increased over a few days to weeks. The pain seems to be related to running (sedentary lifestyle). Specifically downhill running seems to be aggravating and pain occurs when extending the leg just before the heel strike. Some patients may hear a squeaking sound with flexion and extension of the knee |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classic presentation: The patient presents with complaints similar to those of a patient with ITB syndrome with a report of lateral knee pain following down hill running or walking |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classic presentation: The patient reports the sudden onset of lateral knee pain following sudden dorsiflexion or plantarflexion at the ankle. Patient may have a complaint of instability or pain radiating down the side of the lower leg |
|
Definition
| Proximal tibular fibular subluxation |
|
|
Term
| Classic presentation: THe patient is often an athlete complaining of anterior knee pain with activities that involve jumping and/or sprinting |
|
Definition
| Patellar Tendonitis (Jumpers Knee) |
|
|
Term
| Classic presentation: Athlete attempts to cut in the opposite direction. Patient feels the knee "go out" and there is a large lateral mass |
|
Definition
| Patellar dislocation (subluxation-no palpable mass) |
|
|
Term
| Classic presentation: The patient is a young athlete complaining of pain and swelling at the tibial tuberosity |
|
Definition
| Osgood Schlatters Disease |
|
|
Term
| Classic presentation: The patient is often a middle aged athlete playing tennis and feels sudden pain in the back of the upper calf followed by an inability to walk on toes. Pain described as having been shot or hit on the back of the knee |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classic presentation: Stiffness or knee pain that is worse with prolonged sitting or walking. Generally a past history of trauma or surgery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classic presentation: A 14 yr old athlete complains of an insidious onset of anterior knee pain that is now causing him to limp. He says the knee occasionally locks and swells. |
|
Definition
| Osteochondritis Dissecans |
|
|
