Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| affinal alliance/marriage alliance |
|
Definition
| the notion of links between groups (decent groups, village communities, etc.) being formed through marriage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relatives through marriage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| kin traced through male links |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| descent traced through males; patrilineal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| theory of social organization stressing the properties of marriage systems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| descent traced through both males and females but not equally in both directions; descent traced back and forth between males |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the most remote common ancestor linking two or more kin or groups of kin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a process of placing donor sperm into the vaginal cavity of a female in an attempt to achieve pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a special relationship between a male and his mother's brother which allows the nephew to take certain libertiews with the maternal uncle and/or grants him privileged access to the uncle's property or resources |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| descent traced equally through both males and females |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a marriage practice whereby the groom's kin or friends abduct (usually only symbolically or ritually) a woman from another group to become his spouse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a marriage practice whereby a groom lives with the bride's kin and performs labor for them for a period of time, either before or during the early stage of the marriage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wealth transferred from the groom and/or kin of a groom to the kin of the bride as part of a marriage transaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group of category of people who claim to share descent from a common ancestor, but whose more remote genealogical inks are obscure or no longer traceable |
|
|
Term
| classificatory kinship terminology |
|
Definition
| any kinship terminology system in which some lineal kin are linguistically classified together with some collateral kin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| kin traced through both male and female links |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| descent traced through any combination of male or female links |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| kin outside of a person's own line of descent, e.g., siblings, cousins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to marriage or the husband-wife relationship |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| related through descent ("blood ties") |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| kin, as opposed to affines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group of people who collectively share property, rights, privileges, and/or liabilities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the children of two opposite-sex siblings; one's cross cousins are one's mother's brother's children and one's father's sister's children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a theoretical approach in anthropology which emphasizes that cultures construct their own realities, hence, innumerable concepts (e.g., "male," "female," "gender," "kinship") are best seen as cultural constructions rather than as realities external to all cultures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the contention that
- each culture can only be understood on its own (emic) terms, or from within
- no culture is superior to another, or that all values are relative to cultural contexts
- no one mode of knowledge is intrinsically superior to another mode of knowledge or understanding
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the notion of relationship downward from a common ancestor, often forming a clan or lineage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| social group formed by the principle of descent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| theory of social organization stressing the properties of descent systems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the position that major elements of particular cultures have been learned or borrowed from neighboring peoples, or through travel or communication, rather than independently invented; a reaction against nineteenth-century evolutionism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the existence in one society of both patrilineal and matrilineal descent groups; each person in the society simultaneously belongs to descent groups of both kinds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wealth from the kin of a bride that accompanies the bride to her marriage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a system of exogamous marriage between two moieties |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an individual person who serves as a reference point for a kinship or marriage tie |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lévi-Strauss's term for systems of cross-cousin marriage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to categories, concepts, or terms indigenous to a particular culture; the local meanings of such categories, concepts or terms; native perspectives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| marriage within a certain social group or category; the requirement that spouses come from the same social group or category |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the view that one's own cultural or ethnic group is superior to or more natural than another or to others generally; the tendency to interpret ideas or practices of other cultures in terms of one's own cultural categories or values |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| characterized by the interpretation or evaluation of other cultures in terms of the central cultural concepts or values of European ones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| marriage outside of a certain social group or category; the requirement that spouses come from different social groups or categories |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a relationship that a cultural group recognizes as modeled on kinship, e.g., God-parenthood or ritually sealed blood-brotherhood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ties between parents and children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a theoretical approach especially popular in anthropology in the early to mid-twentieth century which emphasized that certain parts of a culture (social institutions, religious beliefs, rituals, kinship, forms of government, etc.) either
- serve to fulfill basic human needs, or
- serve to maintain each other and so maintain and perpetuate the whole social system
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the network of kinship links (biological or social) between persons; a diagramatic representation of kinship links between persons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| biological father, mother |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the practice whereby a patrilineal kinsman takes a wife in the name of a deceased man in order to produce children by the woman in that man's name |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a society consisting of corporate domestic estates that transmit their titles, property, and prerogatives to their members over the generations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| marriage where the kin group of the bride is of lower status than that of the groom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| marriage where the kin group of the bride is of higher status than that of the groom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prohibition on sexual relations (and often, by implication therefore, on marriage) between kin deemed too closely related |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process by which an individual enhances his or her reproductive success through acts that favor the fitness of others who share some gens with that individual, as in the case of close relatives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of incubating oocytes with sperm in a receptacle such as a petri dish to produce fertilization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| marriage between kin groups of equal status |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a set of relatives traced to a particular person (ego) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process whereby natural selection acts on inclusive fitness such that the fitness of one's close kin is enhanced |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an inventory of terms for relatives in a particular language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| social mother (as opposed to biological mother) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the marriage of a man to the widow of his deceased brother |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a line of descent or (in anthropology) a group of people who trace descent to a common ancestor through known links |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a person's direct ancestors or descendants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a society in which women hold dominant authority; female dominance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| descent traced through females only |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a postmarital residence pattern in which a married couple lives with or near the bride's kin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of two exogamous subdivisions (often clans or groups of clans) that together comprise a whole society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| marriage between two persons, generally a man and a woman |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a postmarital residence pattern in which a married couple moves to a new location, living with the kin of neither the bride nor the groom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a familial unit consisting of a married couple and their unmarried children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the children of two same-sex siblings; one's mother's sister's children and one's father's brother's children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the contributions of parents to the survival and reproductive success of thier offspring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| social father (as opposed to biological father) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the extent to which an individual male is led to beliee that he is the biological father of a particular child |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a society in which men hold dominant authority; male dominance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| descent traced through males only; agnatic descent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a postmarital residence pattern in which a married couple lives with or near the groom's kin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a minimal speech sound in a given language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an exogamous subdivision of a society consisting of two or more clans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the marriage of a woman to two or more men at the same time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the marriage to more than one partner at the same time, male or female |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the marriage of a man to two or more women at the same time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pattern of inheritance in which only the eldest child, usually the eldest male child receives an inheritance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the behavior of an organism that favors the biological fitness of another, unrelated organism, carried out in the expectation that this favoring behavior will be reciprocated on some other ocation such that the fitness of the first organism is potentially benefited |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the application of evolutionary theory to animal behavior, including that of humans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the marriage of a man to the sister of his deceased wife |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a theoretical approach that posits a universal structure in human unconscious thought processes (especially a tendency to think in terms of binary oppositions) which underlies what appear as variable cultural expressions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a characteristic of culture that, according to some anthropologists, allows it to develop a momentum of its own, such that "culture" cannot be reduced to or accounted entirely by other biological, social, economic, or material factors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the role of a woman who bears another couple's genetic child |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the symbolic identification of a group of people with a particular type of animal, plant, mythical being or object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pattern of inheritance in which only the youngest child, usually the youngest son, receives an inheritance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| descent traced through only one sex, as in the cases of matrilineal or patrilineal descent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| kin traced exclusively through female links |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the marriage of a barren woman (who counts as a "husband") to another woman; a genitor is arranged for the "wife," and the barren woman becomes the legal father of the children |
|
|
